Delphi Complete Works of Dio Chrysostom

by Dio Chrysostom

  [16] Well, why have I made all this harangue, when you were considering other matters? Because previously I not only had touched upon this matter, but had also in this place made many speeches in behalf of concord, believing that this was advantageous for the city, and that it was better not to quarrel with any man at all, but least of all, in my opinion, with those who are so close, yes, real neighbours. However, I did not go to them or speak any word of human kindness in anticipation of the official reconciliation of the city and the establishment of your friendship with them. And yet at the very outset they sent me an official resolution expressing their friendship toward me and inviting me to pay them a visit. Furthermore, I had many obligations toward them, like any other citizen of Prusa; but still I did not undertake to show my goodwill toward them independently, but preferred rather to make friends with them along with you. So they looked upon me with distrust and were displeased.

  [17] αὐτοῖς ἐβουλόμην γενέσθαι φίλος. ὅθεν ὑφεωρῶντό με καὶ δυσχερῶς εἶχον. καὶ νῦν πυθόμενος τὰς διαλύσεις καὶ τὴν φιλίαν ταύτην πραττομένη, καὶ ψηφισαμένων ὑμῶν ἐμὲ καλεῖν, ἴσως καὶ ταύτης ἕνεκα τῆς χρείας ῾τυχὸν γὰρ ἠλπίζετε κἀμοῦ μετασχόντος ῥᾷον μᾶλλον καὶ ἀσφαλέστερον ἔσεσθαι πάντα: καίτοι καὶ νῦν ἴσως οὐ τοῖς παροῦσι μόνον, ἀλλὰ κἀμοὶ νέμοντες τιμὴν μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων, λογιζόμενοι κἀμὲ πολίτην ὑμέτερον, τυχὸν προθυμότεροι γεγόνασι πρὸς ὑμᾶς᾿ ὅμως οὐ σφόδρα ἠπείχθην εὐλαβούμενος μὴ γένηται τοῦτο ἐμποδὼν οὐκ ἐκείνοις, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐντεῦθέν τισι. σχεδὸν γὰρ εἰώθασι πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων οὐ τοῖς πραττομένοις, ἀλλὰ τοῖς [p. 51]

  [17] Besides, at the present moment, although I had heard of the breaking off of hostilities, and that this compact of friendship was being negotiated, and although you had voted to summon me, possibly even for this very business — for you may have expected that everything would be easier to achieve and surer if I participated in it; and in fact even now by their honouring, not only those who are already in Apameia, but me too along with the others, taking into account that I too am a citizen of yours, they may conceivably have become better disposed toward you — still, for all that, I was in no great haste to come before you, being wary lest my coming might prove a stumbling-block, not to the Apameians, but to some of the men from here. For, it is safe to say, many persons are wont to look with disfavour, not on the business under consideration, but rather on the negotiators.

  [18] πράττουσι φθονεῖν. ἐπεὶ καὶ πέρυσι τοὺς λόγους τούτους πρὸς ἐμὲ ἔλεγον οἱ προεστῶτες αὐτῶν καὶ τότε ἐξῆν ὑμῖν ἀπηλλάχθαι πραγμάτων: ἀλλ̓ ὑφεωρώμην ἐγὼ μή τισι τῶν ἐντεῦθεν πρόσαντες γένηται καὶ δυσκόλως φέρωσιν ἐμοῦ πράττοντος αὐτά. καὶ νῦν τρόπον τινὰ ἑκὼν ἐβράδυνα. ὅσα μὲν οὖν καὶ δἰ ἐμοῦ καὶ δἰ ἑτέρων δυνατὰ γίγνεσθαι τῇ πόλει, ταῦτα ἐκείνοις ἀξιῶ μᾶλλον ἐπιτρέπειν, ἵνα μηδεὶς ἀντιβαίνῃ μηδὲ λυπῆται βασκαίνων. ὅσα δ̓ οὐ ῥᾴδιον ὑπ̓ ἄλλου τῶν ἐντεῦθεν πραχθῆναι, τυχὸν δὲ καὶ λίαν χαλεπόν, ἡγεῖσθε πρὸς ἐκείνοις ἀεί με τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν

  [18] Why, even a year ago the leaders in Apameia were making these proposals to me, and you might at that time have been freed from trouble; yet I had misgivings lest the proposal might prove repugnant to some from here and they might be irritated if I acted in the matter. And so now too I have, as one might say, delayed intentionally. Accordingly, whatever can be accomplished for the city through others as well as through myself I ask to have entrusted to others preferably, so that no one may make opposition or be offended because of malice toward me. On the other hand, anything which cannot easily be achieved by any one else from here, but which is possibly very difficult to achieve at all, you may be sure always has my lively interest as long as I draw the breath of life.

  [19] μέχρις ἂν ἐμπνέω. καὶ μὴν ὅστις ἂν προθυμῆται τὰ περὶ τὴν πόλιν καὶ δύνηταί τι ποιεῖν ὑμῖν συμφέρον, ἐμὲ πρῶτον ἕξει τὸν μαρτυροῦντα καὶ συναγωνιζόμενον, καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ πρᾶγμα, ὃ γίγνεται ὀρθόν, πολὺ ἂν ἥδιον ἐπαινέσαιμι καὶ προθυμότερον ἄλλου πράττοντος ἢ αὐτὸς εἰσηγούμενος. οὐδὲ γὰρ εὐδοκιμεῖν βουλόμενος οὐδὲ τῶν ἐπαινούντων ἀπορῶν οὐδ̓ ἐπιθυμίᾳ δόξης, ἀλλὰ τῇ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εὐνοίᾳ βούλομαι γίγνεσθαί τι τῶν δεόντων, καὶ τοῖς θεοῖς εὔχομαι πᾶσι γηρῶν ὡς πλείστους ἐπιδεῖν ἱκανωτέρους ἐμοῦ τὴν

  [19] Nay more, whoever is enthusiastic in matters concerning the city and has the ability to accomplish anything to your advantage will find me the first to bear him witness and to lend a hand in his endeavour, and I would much more gladly, yes, more eagerly, praise the same enterprise, provided it be upright, if some one else were active in it than if I myself were its moving spirit. For it is not from a desire to be popular or because I lack men to praise me or because of a craving for notoriety, but rather because of my goodwill toward you, that I wish whatever is needful to come to pass, and I pray to all the gods that, as I grow old, I may behold the greatest possible number of men more competent than myself to benefit the city.

  [20] πόλιν ὠφελεῖν. καὶ νῦν ὑπὲρ τούτου ἐπαινῶ τόν τε ἄρχοντα καὶ τὸν εἰσηγησάμενον. πᾶσα μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ἔχθρα καἰ διαφορὰ πρὸς ὁντινοῦν γιγνομένη ἐργῶδες καὶ δυσχερὲς καὶ πόλει καὶ ἰδιώτῃ, κἂν ὁπωσοῦν τύχωσι διακείμενοι. τούς τε γὰρ ἀσθενεῖς ἱκανὸν ἐξελέγξαι καὶ ταπεινῶσαι πρὸς τοῖς οὖσι χαλεποῖς καὶ τοὺς εὖ πράττοντας ἐνοχλῆσαι καὶ ταράξαι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῶν: ὅθεν οἱ νοῦν ἔχοντες αἱροῦνται φέρειν ἐλαττούμενοι τὰ μέτρια καὶ μὴ σφόδρα ἀκριβῶς περιέχεσθαι τῶν δικαίων ἢ φιλονικοῦντες ἐφ̓ ἑκάστῳ καὶ μηδενὶ μηδὲν εἴκοντες ἀεί τινας ἔχειν τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας καὶ πολεμοῦντας, καὶ τοῦτο μὲν τοῖς εὐτυχήμασι νεμεσῶντας καὶ καθ̓ ὅσον οἷοί τέ εἰσιν ἐμποδὼν ἱσταμένους, τοῦτο δέ, ἂν συμβῇ τι πταῖσμα ῾πολλὰ δέ, ὡς ἐν ἀνθρώποις, τὰ γιγνόμενἀ

  [20] And now in this enterprise I praise both the official in charge and the man who made the motion. For practically every enmity, every disagreement arising in connexion with any person at all, is a vexatious thing and unpleasant for both state and private citizen, no matter how they may be situated. For enmity can not only expose and humiliate the weak, to say nothing of the hardships they have already, but also annoy those who are prosperous and distress their spirits. Therefore sensible persons prefer to submit to defeat in ordinary matters and to be not too precise in defending their rights, rather than, by quarrelling over every matter and never making
any concessions to any one, always to have persons plotting against them and making war on them, persons who feel resentment at their good fortune and, so far as they are able, try to stand in the way of it, and who, on the other hand, if any reverse should take place — and many are the reverses which do occur, as is natural among men —

  [21] χαίροντας καὶ ἐπιτιθεμένους. οὐ γάρ ἐστιν οὐδεὶς ἀσθενὴς οὕτως οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος τὴν φύσιν, ἄνθρωπος ὢν πρὸς ἄνθρωπον, ὃς οὐ τυγχάνει καιροῦ τὴν δυσμένειαν ἐνδείξασθαι καὶ τὸ μῖσος ἢ καθ̓ αὑτὸν ἢ σὺν ἑτέροις καὶ λόγον τινὰ εἰπεῖν, ᾧ πάντως ἐλύπησε, [p. 52] καὶ πρᾶγμα συνθεῖναι τὸ βλάψον. οὐδὲ γὰρ νόσημα οὐδὲν οὕτως ἀναίσθητον τοῖς ἔχουσιν ὡς μηδέποτε βλάψαι μηδὲ ἐμποδὼν γενέσθαι μηδεμιᾶς πράξεως, ἀλλὰ κἂν ἐγρηγορότι καὶ βαδίζοντι μὴ σφόδρα ἐνοχλῇ τὴν ἰσχὺν τοῦ σώματος, εἴς γε τὴν κοίτην

  [21] rejoice and seize the opportunity to attack. For there is no one so weak or impotent by nature, man for man, who does not chance upon some opportunity to display his malice and hatred, either alone or in conjunction with others, and to make some statement by which he is certain to cause pain, or to contrive some situation sure to cause injury. Similarly there is no disease so imperceptible to those afflicted with it as never to do harm or become a hindrance to some activity, but even if it does not greatly hamper the strength of a man while awake and walking, at least it confronts him when he goes to bed and causes him distraction and destroys his slumber.

  [22] ἀπήντησε καὶ διασπᾷ καὶ διαφθείρει τὸν ὕπνον. οὕτως ἔγωγέ φημι μηδέποτε λυσιτελεῖν ἀπεχθάνεσθαι καὶ φιλονικεῖν μηδὲ τῇ μεγίστῃ πόλει πρὸς τὴν βραχυτάτην κώμην: ὅταν δὲ δὴ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ᾖ πόλιν οἰκοῦντας οὐ σμικρὰν καὶ πολιτείαν ἐξαίρετον ἔχοντας καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἡγεμόσι τιμήν τινα καὶ δύναμιν, ἐὰν σωφρονῶσι ῾δεῖ γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἀκούειν τἀληθῆ καὶ μὴ χαλεπῶς φέρειν, ἐάν τις ἑτέρους ἐπαινῇ βουλόμενος ὑμᾶς ὠφελεῖν̓ τὸ δὲ μέγιστον ὁμόρους καὶ ἀστυγείτονας καὶ μόνον οὐχὶ καθ̓ ἑκάστην τὴν ἡμέραν ὑμῖν ἐπιμιγνυμένους, τοῦτο μὲν τοῖς πλείστοις ἐπιγαμίας ὑπαρχούσης, τοῦτο δὲ πολιτῶν τινων, καὶ σχεδὸν τῶν δυνατωτάτων παῤ ἡμῖν, τῆς παῤ ἐκείνοις τιμῆς τετυχηκότων: πῶς χρὴ ταύτην

  [22] So I claim it is never profitable even for the greatest city to indulge in hostility and strife with the humblest village; but of course when the hostility is directed against men who occupy no small city, who have a superior form of government, and who, if they are prudent, enjoy a measure of distinction and influence with the proconsuls — for you must hear the truth and not be vexed if a man praises others in his desire to benefit you — men who, above all, share your borders, are neighbours to your city, and mingle with you almost every day, most of you being bound to them by ties of marriage, while some citizens, yes, virtually the most influential citizens among us, have obtained the honour of citizenship with them — how in these circumstances should we regard this hostility as causing no pain and doing no harm?

  [23] ἄλυπον καὶ ἀβλαβῆ τὴν ἔχθραν ὑπολαμβάνειν; καὶ μηδεὶς ὑπολάβῃ με λέγειν ὡς ἄρα χρὴ τελέως ὑποπεσεῖν καὶ μηδὲν ἐκείνων προαιρουμένων δίκαιον μηδὲ ἐπιεικὲς αὐτοὺς δεῖσθαι καὶ παρακαλεῖν: αἱρουμένων δὲ αὐτῶν καὶ προθυμουμένων τὰ εἰς φιλίαν ἑτοιμοτέρους πρὸς τοῦτο φαίνεσθαι καὶ τὴν φιλονικίαν τὴν ἐκ τῆς διαφορᾶς ἐπὶ τοῦτο μετενεγκεῖν πολὺ κάλλιον, ὅπως αὐτοὶ εὐγνωμονέστεροι φανησόμεθα καὶ μᾶλλον καταφρονοῦντες χρημάτων καὶ

  [23] And let no one imagine that I mean we should be wholly submissive, and that when they are not at all just or fair in their policies we should beg and entreat them; nay, but when they choose friendship and display an eagerness for it, to show ourselves more favourable to this policy and to transfer the rivalry growing out of our disagreement to this alternative course is far more creditable, a course whose aim is to make it plain that we ourselves are more reasonable and more scornful of wealth and personal advantage.

  [24] τοῦ πλείονος. οὐ γὰρ οὕτως αἰσχρόν ἐστι λείπεσθαι τοῖς διὰ τὸ μῖσος ἔργοις καὶ νὴ Δία τοῖς πρὸς ἔχθραν ὡς τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς μετριότητος καὶ τῆς φιλανθρωπίας. ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐν ἐκείνοις ἡττώμενος κινδυνεύει λαβεῖν δόξαν ἀσθενείας, ὁ δ̓ ἐν τούτοις σκαιότητος καὶ φιλονικίας. ὅσῳ δὴ κρεῖττον ἀσθενῆ δόξαι μᾶλλον ἢ πονηρόν, τοσούτῳ βέλτιον ὑστέρους εἶναι μαχομένους ἢ διαλλαττομένους.

  [24] For it is not so disgraceful to prove inferior in actions prompted by hatred and, by Heaven, in those which provoke enmity as it is in those which are inspired by a spirit of moderation and benevolence. For while he who is overcome in the one is likely to gain a reputation for mere weakness, in the other it will be for boorishness and contentiousness. Indeed, the better it is to be deemed weak rather than base, so much the more preferable is it to be tardy in making war rather than in making peace.

  [25] εἰκότως δ̓ ἄν μοι προσέχοιτε τὸν νοῦν μᾶλλον ἑτέρων τυχὸν μὲν καὶ ἄλλως, ἔτι δὲ κἀκεῖνο σκοποῦντες ὅτι μηδὲν ἰδίᾳ μοι διαφέρει, μηδὲ ὄχλησίν τινα ὀκνῶν ἢ δαπάνην ἐμαυτοῦ διὰ τοῦτο ἀμελῶ τοῦ πρέποντος ὑμῖν. ὅτι γάρ με οὐκ ἐνοχλήσετε μὴ βουλόμενον οὐδὲ [p. 53] κελεύσετε ἀποδημεῖν, ὥσπερ ἤδη πολὺν χρόνον ἔχοντα παῤ ὑμῖν, ἐπίσταμαι σαφῶς: ῾ἄλλως τε οὐκ ἀσχολούμενος ἐγὼ νομίζω συμφέρειν ὑμῖν οὐδὲ τοῦτον ἀποδημῶν τὸν τρόπον:᾿ ἀλλ̓ ὅπερ ἔφην, βέλτιον ἡγοῦμαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, οὐ μόνον ὑμῖν, μήτε ἀναιρεῖσθαι ῥᾳδίως ἔχθραν μὴ σφόδρα ἀναγκαίαν, τάς τε πρότερον οὔσας καταλύεσθαι πάντα τρόπον, ἂν ᾖ δυνατόν, τὴν ἐκ τοῦ διαφέρεσθαί τισι βλάβην μείζονα ἡγουμένους τῆς παρὰ τὰς διαλύσεις ζημίας.

  [25] Now there may be other grounds also on which you might with reason pay heed to me rather than to those others, but that is especially true because you observe that I have no private interest and am not disposed through any dread of annoyance or expense on my part to disregard the course which is becoming to you. For I know full well you will not trouble me against my wishes, or order me to go abroad as if I had already made too long a stay in Prusa — and besides, I do not believe I can assist you by sacrificing my leisure or by going abroad in this manner — however, as I was saying, I consider it better for men in general, and not merely for you, both to refrain from entering lightly into an enmity which is not ex
tremely necessary and also by every means possible to put an end to enmities already existing, recognizing that the damage resulting from quarrelling with any people is greater than the loss incident to the reconciliation.

  [26] πᾶσα γάρ, ὥς φασιν, εἰρήνη κρείττων πολέμου, καὶ πᾶσα φιλία πολὺ ἀμείνων καὶ λυσιτελεστέρα τοῖς γε νοῦν ἔχουσιν ἔχθρας, καὶ ἰδίᾳ τοῖς οἴκοις καὶ δημοσίᾳ ταῖς πόλεσιν. εἰρήνη μὲν γὰρ καὶ ὁμόνοια τοὺς χρωμένους οὐδὲν πώποτε ἔβλαψεν, ἔχθρα δὲ καὶ φιλονικία θαυμαστὸν εἰ μὴ σφόδρα ἀνήκεστα καὶ μεγάλα. καὶ τῆς μὲν ὁμονοίας τό τε ὄνομα εὔφημον ἥ τε πεῖρα ἀρίστη καὶ λυσιτελεστάτη πᾶσι: στάσεως δὲ καὶ διαφορᾶς σκυθρωπὴ μὲν ἡ προσηγορία καὶ δυσχερής, πολὺ δὲ χείρω καὶ τὰ ἔργα καὶ σκυθρωπότερα. καὶ γὰρ εἰπεῖν ἔστι καὶ ἀκοῦσαι καὶ πολλὰ τῶν ἀβουλήτων

  [26] For any peace, so they say, is better than war, and any friendship is far better and more profitable for men of right judgement than enmity, not only individually for our families, but also collectively for our cities. For peace and concord have never damaged at all those who have employed them, whereas it would be surprising if enmity and contentiousness were not very deadly, very mighty evils. Moreover, while concord is a word of good omen, and to make trial of it is most excellent and profitable for all, strife and discord are forbidding and unpleasant words even to utter, and much worse are their deeds and more forbidding. For the fact is, strife and discord involve saying and hearing said many things one might wish to avoid, and doing and experiencing them too.