Delphi Complete Works of Dio Chrysostom

by Dio Chrysostom

  [9] πρὸς τοὺς ὑποδεεστέρους. ἐπίσταμαι μὲν οὖν ὡς χαλεπόν ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων ἐξελεῖν ἔριν, καὶ ταῦτα ἐν πλείονι χρόνῳ τεθραμμένην, ὥσπερ νόσημα ἐκ πολλοῦ συμπεφυκὸς οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἀπαλλάξαι τοῦ σώματος, ἄλλως τε εἴ τις ἐθέλοι ἀνωδύνως ἰᾶσθαι. ὅμως δὲ πιστεύω τῷ τῆς πόλεως ἤθει, νομίζων οὐ σκληρὸν οὐδὲ ἀμαθές, ἀλλὰ τῷ ὄντι γνήσιον ἐκείνων τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ τῆς μακαρίας πόλεως, [p. 60] ὑφ̓ ἧς δεῦρο ἐπέμφθητε φίλοι δὴ παρὰ φίλους δεῦρο οἰκήσοντες: ἣ τοσοῦτον εὐτυχίᾳ διαφέρουσα τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων καὶ δυνάμει πλέον διενήνοχεν ἐπιεικείᾳ καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ, τοῦτο μὲν ἀφθόνως μεταδιδοῦσα καὶ πολιτείας καὶ νόμων καὶ ἀρχῶν, οὐδέν̓ ἀλλότριον ἡγουμένη τῶν ἀξίων, τοῦτο δὲ ὁμοίως ἅπασι φυλάττουσα

  [9] Now I understand how difficult it is to eradicate strife from human beings, especially when it has been nurtured for a fairly long period of time, just as it is not easy to rid the body of a disease that has long since become a part of it, especially in case one should wish to effect a painless cure. But still I have confidence in the character of your city, believing it to be, not rough and boorish, but in very truth the genuine character of those distinguished men and that blessed city by which you were sent here as friends indeed to dwell with friends. That city, while so superior to the rest of mankind in good fortune and power, has proved to be even more superior in fairness and benevolence, bestowing ungrudgingly both citizenship and legal rights and offices, believing no man of worth to be an alien, and at the same time safeguarding justice for all alike.

  [10] τὸ δίκαιον. ἣν προσήκει μιμουμένους ὑμᾶς πρᾴους καὶ μεγαλόφρονας φαίνεσθαι καὶ τοῖς ἐγγὺς οὕτω καὶ συνοίκοις σχεδὸν μὴ χαλεποὺς μηδὲ ὑπερηφάνους γείτονας, πρὸς οὓς ὑμῖν καὶ γάμοι κοινοὶ καὶ τέκνα καὶ πολιτεῖαι καὶ θυσίαι θεῶν καὶ πανηγύρεις καὶ θεάματα, καὶ συμπαιδεύεσθε τοῖς καθ̓ ἕνα καὶ συνεστιᾶσθε καὶ ἀλλήλους ὑποδέχεσθε καὶ ἀλλήλοις τὸν πλείω χρόνον συνδιατρίβετε καὶ σχεδὸν εἷς ἐστε δῆμος καὶ μία πόλις ἐν οὐ πολλῷ διαστήματι. καὶ τοίνυν πλείους τῶν ἐκεῖθεν καὶ πολίτας πεποίησθε, καὶ βουλῆς μετεδώκατε, καὶ ἄρχοντας οὐκ ἀπηξιώσατε γενέσθαι παῤ ὑμῖν, καὶ τῶν σεμνῶν τούτων, ἃ τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἐστὶ πόλεως,

  [10] In emulation of that city it is fitting that you should show yourselves gentle and magnanimous toward men who are so close to you, virtually housemates, not harsh and arrogant neighbours, since they are men with whom you have common ties of wedlock, offspring, civic institutions, sacrifices to the gods, festive assemblies, and spectacles; moreover, you are educated together with them individually, you feast with them, you entertain each other, you spend the greater portion of your time together, you are almost one community, one city only slightly divided. Besides, several citizens of Prusa you have even made citizens of Apameia, you have made them members of the Council, you have deemed them not unworthy of becoming magistrates among you, and you admitted them to partnership in these august privileges which pertain to Roman citizenship.

  [11] ἐκοινωνήσατε. πῶς οὖν εἰκὸς καθ̓ ἕνα μὲν ἕκαστον ἡγεῖσθαι φίλον καὶ τιμᾶν, κοινῇ δὲ τὴν πόλιν ἐχθρὰν νομίζειν, ὑμᾶς τε ἐκείνην κἀκείνους τὴν ὑμετέραν; οἱ γὰρ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀγαπῶντες καὶ ἐπιμιγνύμενοι τούτοις καὶ προσαγόμενοι πολίτας τί λοιπὸν ἢ τὸν ἀέρα ἐχθαίρουσι καὶ τοὺς τόπους, ἤ, ὃ μηδὲ εἰπεῖν ὅσιον, τοῖς θεοῖς ἀπεχθάνονται; καὶ τοίνυν ἅπασα μὲν ἔχθρα πρὸς ἅπαντας ἐργῶδες καὶ χαλεπόν: οὐδεὶς γὰρ οὕτως ἀσθενὴς ἐχθρὸς ὅστις οὐκ ἐλύπησεν ἐπὶ καιροῦ καὶ τὸν ἄγαν φαινόμενον ἰσχυρὸν καὶ τὸ μῖσος ἐνεδείξατο ἢ λόγον τινὰ εἰπὼν λυπηρὸν ἢ ἔργον ἀσύμφορον

  [11] How, then, is it reasonable to regard individuals singly as friends and to show them honour, and then as a community to view their city as a foe, as Apameia and Prusa both are doing? For when men love the inhabitants of a city and mingle with them and welcome them to citizenship, what explanation remains except that they do not like each other’s climate and the position of each other’s city, or else — an unholy thing even to suggest — that they detest each other’s gods? Furthermore, any enmity towards any people is an irksome, grievous thing. For there is no enemy so weak as not on occasion to hurt even the man who appears to be very strong, or to display his hatred by either saying some painful word or doing some injurious act.

  [12] πράξας. οὐ γάρ ἐστιν, ὡς εἰπεῖν, οὐδέποτε ἡδὺς οὐδὲ ὠφέλιμος ὁ τοῦ μίσους καρπός, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἁπάντων ἀηδέστατος καὶ πικρότατος, οὐδὲ βάρος οὕτω χαλεπὸν οὐδὲ ἐπίπονον ὡς ἔχθρα φέρειν. ταῖς μὲν οὖν εὐτυχίαις ἀεὶ παρενοχλεῖ, τὰς δὲ συμφορὰς αὔξει, καὶ τῷ μὲν ἄλλο τι λυπουμένῳ τὴν λύπην ἀπεργάζεται διπλασίονα, τοὺς δὲ εὖ πράττοντας οὐκ ἐᾷ χαίρειν κατὰ τὴν [p. 61] ἀξίαν. ἀνάγκη γὰρ οἶμαι τοὺς πολλοὺς ὑπὸ μὲν ἀλλήλων βλάπτεσθαι, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις καταφρονεῖσθαι καὶ ἀδοξεῖν, ὡς τοῦτο μὲν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτοῖς ἐναντίων, τοῦτο δὲ αὐτοὺς ἄφρονας καὶ φιλονίκους. φιλίας δὲ καὶ ὁμονοίας οὐδὲν κάλλιον οὐδὲ θειότερον καὶ ἀνδρὶ πρὸς ἄνδρα καὶ πόλει πρὸς πόλιν. τίνες μὲν

  [12] For the fruit of hatred is never, so to speak, sweet or beneficial, but of all things most unpleasant and bitter, nor is any burden so hard to bear or so fatiguing as enmity. For example, while it always interferes with strokes of good fortune, it increases disasters, and while for him who suffers from something else it doubles the pain, it does not permit those who are enjoying good fortune to rejoice in fitting measure. For it is inevitable, I suppose, that the masses should be harmed by one another, and, on the other hand, be despised and held in low esteem by the others, not only as having antagonists to begin with, but also as being themselves foolish and contentious.

  [13] γὰρ εὐπρεπέστερον κτῶνται τἀγαθὰ τῶν φίλων συμποριζόντων αὐτοῖς; τίνες δὲ ἀποφεύγουσι τὰ κατὰ ῥᾷον ἢ οἷς ἂν φίλοι συμμαχῶσι; τίνων δὲ ἧττον ἅπτεται τὰ λυπηρὰ ἢ τῶν ἐχόντων τοὺς συναλγοῦντας καὶ συμφέροντας αὐτοῖς; τίσι δὲ ἥδιον τὸ εὐτυχεῖν ἢ ὅσοι μὴ μόνον αὑτούς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλους εὐφραίνουσιν εὖ πράττοντες; ὡς ἔγωγε οὐδ̓ ἂν εὐτυχεῖν ἐκεῖνον τὸν ἄνδρα φαίην

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p; [13] However, there is nothing finer or more godlike than friendship and concord, whether between man and man or between city and city. For who are they who acquire the good things of life more becomingly, when it is their friends who assist in supplying them? Who escape the bad things more easily than those who have friends as allies? Who are less affected by distress than those who have persons to share their suffering and to help them bear it? To whom is good fortune sweeter than to those who gladden by their success not only themselves but others too? For I would not count that man fortunate who has no one to share his pleasure.

  [14] ὃς οὐδένα ἔχει τὸν συνηδόμενον. τίς δὲ συνεργός, τίς δὲ σύμβολος ἀμείνων τοῖς ἰδοῦσιν ἢ φίλος ἐντυχών; σχεδὸν γὰρ οὗτος σύμβολος οὐ μόνον εὐφημότατος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὠφελιμώτατος, καὶ ὅτῳ ἂν ἐντύχῃ ἀνὴρ εὔνους. τὰ δὲ τοῦ μίσους καὶ τὰ τῆς ἔχθρας πανταχῇ λυπηρὰ καὶ δυσχερῆ. χαλεπὸν μὲν ἐν σπουδῇ, χαλεπὸν δὲ ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ παρὼν ἐχθρός, λυπηρὸν μὲν ὁρῶσι, λυπηρὸν δὲ μνημονεύουσι, πολὺ δὲ πάντων πειρωμένοις βλαβερώτατον.

  [14] Again, what helper, what counsellor, is more welcome to behold than a friend met unexpectedly? In fact one might almost say that he is also an augury, not only most auspicious, but even most helpful, and to whomever he may meet a loyal friend. But the works of hatred, indeed, and of enmity are painful and grievous everywhere. The presence of an enemy is a grievous thing, whether in a serious business or in the midst of good cheer, a painful thing to behold and painful to recall, but beyond all things most baneful to experience.

  THE FORTY-SECOND DISCOURSE: AN ADDRESS IN HIS NATIVE CITY

  ΔΙΑΛΕΞΙΣ ΕΝ ΤΗΙ ΠΑΤΡΙΔΙ.

  THE FORTY-SECOND DISCOURSE: AN ADDRESS IN HIS NATIVE CITY

  This delightful little bit, obviously the introduction to a more pretentious performance, served to disarm the audience and make it sympathetic with the speaker. Its note of self-depreciation sounds quite modern. Incidentally, we get valuable information about the fate of literary works even in the lifetime of their authors, as well as about the activity of the booktrade and the low cost of its product.

  Arnim asserts that our little “curtain-raiser” is unmistakably from Dio’s philosophical period. Actually all that seems unmistakable about the piece is that its author either has achieved fame as a public speaker or thinks he has. The very title is not above suspicion, for the remarks which follow afford no clue to the identity of the speaker or to either place or occasion of delivery.

  [1] Ὅπως μὲν ὑμεῖς διανοεῖσθε περὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ τῆς ἐμῆς εἴτε σοφίας εἴτε ἀμαθίας οὐ δύναμαι ξυμβαλεῖν, πότερον ὄντως ἐπιθυμεῖτε τῶν λόγων, ὡς ἀκουσόμενοί τι θαυμαστὸν καὶ τοιοῦτον ὁποῖον οὐκ ἂν ἑτέρου τῶν νῦν, ἢ τοὐναντίον, ὡς ἐμὲ ἐξελέγξοντες

  The Forty-second Discourse: An Address in his Native City

  What your purpose is about me and my wisdom — or folly, as the case may be — I can’t imagine; whether you really want a speech from me with the expectation of hearing something wonderful, something the like of which you could not hear from any other man now living, or, just the reverse, with a view to showing me up and proving that I know nothing important or weighty.

  [2] καὶ ἀποδείξοντες οὐθὲν μέγα οὐδὲ σπουδαῖον ἐπιστάμενον. εἰ μὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἔχετε, θαρρῶν ὑμῖν παρέχω ἐμαυτόν, ἵνα ἐμπλήσητε τὴν προθυμίαν: εἰ δὲ μή, φοβοῦμαι τὴν ἐναντίαν δόξαν, [p. 62] μήποτε ἀκούσαντες ἔπειτα οὐ δικαίως ἐμοῦ καταγνῶτε, ὅτι αὐτοὶ οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἐδόξατε. οὐδέποτε γὰρ οὐδενὶ ἔγωγε τοῦτο ὑπεσχόμην, ὡς ἱκανὸς ὢν λέγειν ἢ φρονεῖν ἢ πλέον τι γιγνώσκειν τῶν πολλῶν, ἀλλ̓ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τούτου διαμαχόμενος ἑκάστοτε καὶ ἀντιλέγων τοῖς ἀξιοῦσιν ἔπειτα εἰς τὸ λέγειν καθίσταμαι: καὶ πολλοὶ τοῦτο

  [2] For if this is your purpose, I put myself at your disposal with full confidence, to the end that you may satisfy your desire; but if such is not one, I am apprehensive as to the opposite opinion, lest when you have heard me you may pass unfavourable judgement upon me undeservedly, merely for the reason that you yourselves had formed an incorrect opinion about me. For I have never given any one to understand that I am an able speaker or thinker or that I possess more knowledge than the average; but on that very point I strongly insist, on every occasion, to those who ask me to speak, and I correct that false impression before settling down to my speech; and many consider this very protest of mine to be ostentation.

  [3] αὐτὸ ἐπίδειξιν ἡγήσαντο. ὅμως δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἑτέραν καὶ ἑτέραν λαμβάνω ὁδόν. ὅταν μὲν γὰρ εἰς ἐμαυτὸν ἀπίδω καὶ τὴν ἀπειρίαν τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ, περὶ πάντα μὲν ἁπλῶς, μάλιστα δὲ τὴν περὶ τοὺς λόγους, ὡς ἰδιώτης ὢν διανοοῦμαι καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἰδιώτου βίον βιωσόμενος: ὅταν δὲ εἰς τοὺς σπουδάζοντας καὶ παρακαλοῦντας, ὑπονοεῖν ἐμαυτὸν ἀναγκάζομαι, μὴ ἄρα τι τῶν ἐμῶν λόγου ἄξιον καὶ λανθάνω πεπονθὼς τὸ αὐτὸ ἐνίοις τῶν ζῴων, ἃ χρήσιμα ὄντα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις καὶ δύναμίν τινα ἔχοντα ἐν αὑτοῖς πρὸς ἴασιν νοσημάτων ἤτοι χολῆς ἢ αἵματος ἢ πιμελῆς ἢ τριχῶν οὐκ ἴσασιν, οἱ δὲ ἄνθρωποι εἰδότες διώκουσιν αὐτὰ καὶ πειρῶνται πάντα τρόπον συλλαβεῖν, οὐ τῶν κρεῶν ἕνεκεν, ἀλλ̓ ἐκείνης τῆς

  [3] However that may be, I myself also take now this path and now that. For, on the one hand, whenever I consider myself and my inexperience, my inexperience in simply everything, but especially in speaking, recognizing that I am only a layman, I am minded for the future to live the life of a layman; on the other hand, when I consider those who take me seriously and invite me to make a speech, I am constrained to feel suspicious of myself, lest some quality of mine may after all be worth while, and without being aware of it, I may be in the same position as certain members of the animal kingdom, which, though they are useful to mankind and have within them some power to cure diseases, whether it be a potency of bile or blood or fat or hair, are unaware of it, while human beings, aware of this power, pursue and try in every way to capture them, not for the sake of their meat, but for that power of theirs.

  [4] δυνάμεως. μὴ ἄρα κἀμὲ ἀναγκάζουσιν ἑκάστοτε λέγειν, οὐδὲν δεόμενοι τῶν λόγων, ἀλλ̓ ἑτέρου τινός. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκεῖνο δύναμαι ὑπονοῆσαι, ὅτι ἀγνοοῦντες δὴ καὶ ἀνήκοοι ὄντες ἐσπουδάκασιν, ὥσπερ ἀμέλει πολλοὶ πολλῶν διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν ἐπιθυμοῦσιν. πάντες γάρ, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, τοὺς μὲν ἐμοὺς λόγους ἐπίστανται καὶ διαφέρουσιν αὐτοὺς ἄλλοι ἀλλαχοῦ, ὥσπερ τὰ φαῦλα ᾄσματα οἱ παῖδες ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ᾄδουσι τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν: καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους σχεδὸν πάντες ἀλλήλοις ἀπαγγέλλ
ουσιν, οὐχ ὅπως ἐρρήθησαν,

  [4] Perhaps, then, in my case too people are always trying to make me speak, not because they have any need of my speech, but of something else. For I cannot imagine they have shown such interest in me from being ignorant and from never having heard me, as many no doubt desire many things because of ignorance. For almost all men are acquainted with my speeches, and they distribute them broadcast in all directions, just as lads in the cities sing cheap ditties at eventide. Moreover, almost all report my speeches to one another, not as they were delivered, but after having made them still better in accordance with their own ability, some making improvements purposely and

  [5] ἀλλ̓ ἔτι βελτίους ποιήσαντες κατὰ τὴν αὑτῶν δύναμιν, οἱ μὲν ἑκόντες ἐπανορθούμενοι καὶ δῆλον ὅτι αἰσχυνόμενοι τὸ μεμνῆσθαι τοιούτων ἀλλάττοντες καὶ μετατιθέντες πολλὰ καὶ κρείττονα, οἱ δὲ ἴσως καὶ ἄκοντες διὰ τὸ μὴ σφόδρα μεμνῆσθαι: ὥστε οὐκέτι ὀβολοῦ, καθάπερ εἶπέ τις, εὔπορον ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς πρίασθαι τὴν ἐμὴν σοφίαν, ἀλλὰ κύψαντα ἀνελέσθαι χαμᾶθεν. σχεδὸν οὖν παραπλήσιον πεπόνθασιν οἱ ἐμοὶ λόγοι τῷ κεράμῳ τῷ Τενεδίῳ: καὶ γὰρ [p. 63] ἐκεῖθεν πᾶς μὲν ὁ παραπλέων ἐμβάλλεται κέραμον, οὐδεὶς δὲ ὑγιῆ διακομίζει ῥᾳδίως, ἀλλὰ οἱ πολλοὶ σαθρὸν ποιήσαντες ἢ συντρίψαντες ὄστρακα ἔχοντες λανθάνουσιν αὑτούς.