Britain’s wealth and 5, 9, 11, 12, 16, 24, 152, 153, 157, 285
diversification into manufacturing from 24, 36, 46, 159, 286, 314
makes Britain a nation of craft workers and artisans before the coming of the Industrial Revolution 152–9
manufacturing infrastructure and 157
protection of 21, 40, 154, 159, 160
putting-out and 155, 156–7, 161, 180, 218, 319
specialisation of work in 12, 317
transition of Britain from supplier of fleeces to producer of woollen goods 153
ubiquity of 153
worsted and see worsted
Woolf, Arthur 140
Worcester 59, 83, 84, 92, 93, 240, 263,271
Worcester and Birmingham canal 271
work 311–42
life in the industrial city 334–42
the nature of work and the rise of the factory 313–33
specialisation of 12–13, 16, 23–4, 138, 291–2, 293, 304, 314–17
see also under individual area of working life
working class 320, 339
worshipful companies 13, 39–40
worsted 21, 153, 154, 157, 161, 180, 195,196
Worthy, Edward 72
Wribbenhall, Worcester 262–3
Wright, Ichabod 194, 297
Wright, John 194, 297
Wright, Joseph 205
Wright, Lemuel 45
Wyatt, John 170–1, 172, 173, 175, 191, 318
Wylam colliery, Northumberland 272
Yorkshire:
coal production and 56, 62, 72, 129–30, 268, 326
iron/steel production in 19, 22, 253–4, 264
Luddites in 331
textiles production in 21, 154, 156, 161, 163, 170, 217, 322
West Riding of see West Riding of Yorkshire
Young, Arthur 25, 253–4, 259
Young, William 203
Select Bibliography
The central argument of this book, that the Industrial Revolution should be defined as the conversion to an economy based on coal-derived energy to drive machines, was proposed by E. A. Wrigley (1988) and enlarged in his 2010 book. Modern economic interpretations of the Industrial Revolution begin with Wrigley’s work which has been taken on and challenged by Allen (2009) and De Vries (2008) among many others. The social aspects of the period, in particular the role of the household economy, have been particularly illuminated by Humphries (2011). While economic and social studies of the period have undergone a revival, the history of technology in the late eighteenth century remains highly fragmented. Studies of invention such as Mokyr (1990) and, again, Allen (2009) are fascinating, but authoritative accounts of leading figures are lacking – Fitton’s 1989 biography of the Arkwright family is a lonely exception. Short biographies and accounts of industries have been published, or reissued, principally by Shire Publishing; otherwise local history societies remain a fertile source of material – the best book on the crucial technical developments in the cotton industry is by Catling (1970) now kept in print by Lancashire County Council. The history of technology has been better served by the revival of industrial museums, particularly in the old industrial heartlands, with working machinery often on display.
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