Alan Milward – The War Economy and Society – London, 1977
CHAPTER 9 – THE AFTERMATH: A NATION DISAPPEARS
The Occupation/The Ten Thousand
1
Laurence Rees – Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West – London, 2008, p305
2
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p3 & Time Magazine – ‘Trouble in Germany’ – 22 October 1945
3
Alex Danchev + Daniel Todman – War Diaries 1939–45 by Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke – London, 2001
4
Washington Post Oct 1945 ‘Eisenhower on Morgenthau Plan’ ‘Let the Germans know what it means to lose a war’
5
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p13
6
Michael Beschloss – The Conquerors – New York, 2002, p124
7
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p13
8
Michael Beschloss – The Conquerors – New York, 2002, p123
9–10
Guido Knopp – Die Gefangenen – Munich, 2003, p8–9 & Rudiger Overman’s stats on German war dead & Guido Knopp – Die Gefangenen – Munich, 2003, p205, 267, 292–3, 318
11
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p21–30
12
Alan Axelrod – Patton – Blackstone Audio Discs – 2009
13–17
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p24, 21–30 & Giles MacDonogh – After the Reich: From the Liberation of Vienna to the Berlin Airlift – London, 2007, p394–417 & Keith Lowe – Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II – London, 2012, p146
18
Patricia Meehan – A Strange Enemy People – London, 2001, p30
19–20
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p25–27
21–24
Guido Knopp – Die Gefangenen – Munich, 2003, p348, 363, 370, 377–382
25–26
Giles MacDonogh – After the Reich: From the Liberation of Vienna to the Berlin Airlift – London, 2007, p263,
27–28
Guido Knopp – Die Gefangenen – Munich, 2003, p 377–89, 368
A Freebooter’s Paradise/Economic Dismantlement
1
David Kenyon Webster – Parachute Infantry – New York, 2008, p299
2
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p86
3–4&7
Giles MacDonogh – After the Reich: From the Liberation of Vienna to the Berlin Airlift – London, 2007, p259 and 72, 78–9, 115 and 381–88
5–6
Imperial War Museum – IWM 06/126/1 Captain Henry D.L. (British Army) & Werner Doppelstein (German POW) – Interview & David Kenyon Webster – Parachute Infantry – New York, 2008 Sean L. Longden – To the Victor the Spoils – London, 2007, p109–36
7
Expellees vs claims against Germany – Schlesische Nachrichten 1 Nov 2008 – Vertreibung kein Voelkerrechtsverbrechen? Strassburger Gericht mit pseudojuristischer Argumentation – Rudi Pawelka & Die Welt 10 Nov 2008 – Muss die Bundesrepublik weiter für NS–Verbrechen zahlen?
8–9
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p38, 39, 48
10
Douglas Botting – In the Ruins of the Reich – London, 1985, p188 & Prit Buttar – Battleground Prussia: The Assault on Germany’s Eastern Front 1944–45 – Oxford, 2010, p160
11
Weltkulturerbe Quedlinburg – Goslar, 2003, p18
12–16
Douglas Botting – In the Ruins of the Reich – London, 1985, p178, 177, 175, 176 & 186, 185–6
17–18
Potsdam Agreement – Dept of State Washington DC Gov Printing Office 1950
19
Giles MacDonogh – After the Reich: From the Liberation of Vienna to the Berlin Airlift – London, 2007, p199
20
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p45
21–22
Patricia Meehan – A Strange Enemy People – London, 2001, p200–7
23
Douglas Botting – In the Ruins of the Reich – London, 1985, p172–3
24
Patricia Meehan – A Strange Enemy People – London, 2001, p200–7
25
Douglas Botting – In the Ruins of the Reich – London, 1985, p171
26–29
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p50–2, 17
The Hunger Winters of 1945–48
1
Patricia Meehan – A Strange Enemy People – London, 2001, p190–1
2
Alexander Häusser & Gordian Maugg – Hunger Winter: Deutschlands humanitaere Katastrophe 1946/47 – Berlin, 2009, p21–41, 158
3
Moshe Lewin – The Soviet Century – London, 2005, p125–6
4
Richard Dominic Wiggers – The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after WWII – New York, 2000, p285 & James Bacque – Crimes and Mercies – Vancouver, 2007, p119
5
Alexander Häusser & Gordian Maugg – Hunger Winter – Deutschlands humanitaere Katastrophe 1946/47 – Berlin, 2009, p45–52
6
Richard Dominic Wiggers – The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after WWII – New York, 2000, p281–4
7–8
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p66–7
9
Giles MacDonogh – After the Reich: From the Liberation of Vienna to the Berlin Airlift – London, 2007, p294
10
James Bacque – Crimes and Mercies – Vancouver, 2007, p119–22, 185–6, 188–9 & Alexander Häusser & Gordian Maugg – Hunger Winter: Deutschlands humanitaere Katastrophe 1946/47 – Berlin, 2009, p95
11
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p64, p72–3
12–16
Alexander Häusser & Gordian Maugg – Hunger Winter: Deutschlands humanitaere Katastrophe 1946/47 – Berlin, 2009, p87–8, 50, 180, 100–1, 189
17
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p64, 72–3
18
Richard Dominic Wiggers – The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after WWII – New York, 2000 & Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p74–5, 106–7, 110
19
Die Luftbrücke – Nur der Himmel war frei – SAT 1 – 2005
20
Report on Morgenthau diaries by sub committee of Senate Committee of the Judiciary – Washington – 1967 Vol I p620–1
21–23
Alexander Häusser & Gordian Maugg – Hunger Winter: Deutschlands humanitaere Katastrophe 1946/47 – Berlin, 2009, p87–8, 50, 180, 100–1, 189, 10 & Richard Dominic Wiggers – The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after WWII – New York, 2000 & Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p74–5, 106–7, 110
24
Lucius Clay – Decis
ions on Germany – New York, 1950 & R.D. Wiggers p280–85
25–26
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p98–102, 104–5
27–28
The President (Hoover’s) Economic Mission to Germany and Austria Report 3 – March 1947 – Truman papers & Robert Dalleck – FDR and American Foreign Policy 1932–45 – Oxford, 1995
29
Michael J. Hogan – The Marshall Plan – America, Britain and the Reconstruction of Western Europe 1947–1952 – New York, 1989
30–31
Paul Steege – Black Market, Cold War: Everyday Life in Berlin 1946–49 – New York – 2007 & Die Luftbrücke SAT 1 statistics
*Additional sources/recommended reading:
Nicolas Balabkins – Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Consequences of Industrial Disarmament 1945–48 RUP, 1964, p125 & Douglas Botting – In The Ruins of the Reich – London, 1985, p171
Conclusions
1
Norman Davies – Europe East & West – London, 2006, p251
1a
Eva Figes – Journey to Nowhere – One Woman’s Look for the Promised Land – London, 2008, p77
2–7
Max Hastings – Armageddon: The Battle for Germany 1944–5 – London, 2004, p 344 (+565), 373, 344 +355, 80, XV, XX & Hans von Luck – Panzer Commander – New York, 1989
8
Stephen J Lee – The Weimar Republic – Abingdon, 2007, p30
9
Roland Gehrke – Der polnische Westgedanke – Herder Institute
10
Sudeten deutsch Zeitung – 24 Jan 2006 and 16 March 2007 p2, 4
11
Sven Lindqvist – A History of Bombing – New York, 2001, p207–12
12
Herbert Hupka – Schlesien Lebt, offene Fragen kritische Antworten – Munich, 2006, p55
13
Ralph Franklin Keeling – Gruesome Harvest: The Costly Attempt to Exterminate the People of Germany – Chicago, 1947, p122–4
14
Richard Drayton – Guardian 10 May 2005
15
James Bacque – Crimes and Mercies – Vancouver, 2007, p175
16
Herbert Hupka – Schlesien Lebt, offene Fragen kritische Antworten – Munich, 2006, p216–228
17
Ref European Court and claims by Expellees vs claims against Germany – Die Welt 10 Nov 2008 – Muss die Bundesrepublik weiter für NS– Verbrechen zahlen? & Schlesische Nachrichten 1 Nov 2008 – Vertreibung kein Voelkerrechtsverbrechen? Strassburger Gericht mit pseudojuristischer Argumentation – Article by Rudi Pawelka
18
Herbert Hupka – Schlesien Lebt, offene Fragen kritische Antworten – Munich, 2006, p 55–56
19
Norman Davis – The Isles – London, 1999, pxxvi
*Additional sources/recommended reading:
Daily Telegraph – 15 Jun 2008
International Herald Tribune – 14 Jun 2008
Steffen Hörtler – Akademie Mitteleuropa
Epilogue
1
Charles Roy – The Vanished Kingdom – New York, 1999, p317
2–3
Andreas Kossert – Kalte Heimat, die Geschichte der deutschen Vertriebenen nach 1945 – Munich, 2008, p14, 48–50
4
Willi Albrecht – Kurt Schumacher – Reden – Schriften – Korrespondenzen – Berlin, 1985
5
The Times – Roger Boyes – 7 Jun 2008 – ‘Unfinished Business – a final resting place for the war dead no one wants to remember’
6
Andreas Kossert – Kalte Heimat, die Geschichte der deutschen Vertriebenen nach 1945 – Munich, 2008, p338
7
Welt am Sonntag – 8 Jun 2008 – Thomas Schmit
8
International Herald Tribune 22 December 2008 – ‘Russia sends back windows to German Church’ – Judy Dempsey
9
Tony Judt – Post-War: A History of Europe since 1945 – London, 2007, p799
POSTSCRIPT: A PERSONAL JOURNEY THROUGH A KINGDOM OF GHOSTS
East Prussia: A Rural Idyll Lost
1
Marion Frantzioch – Die Vertribenen – Berlin, 1987, p25
2
Patricia Clough – In langer Reihe über das Haff: die Flucht der Trakehner aus Ostpreußen – Munich, 2004, p14–16
3–5
Rene Nehring – Namen, die man wieder nennt: Essays und Reportagen aus Ostpreussen – Berlin, 2000, p83, 29, 70–6
6
Roger Scruton – Kant:German Philosophers – Oxford, 1997, p14–16
7–8
Christopher Clark – Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia 1600–1947 – London, 2006, p673–4
9
Elizabeth B. Walter – Barefoot in the Rubble – Chicago, 2000 – Foreword by Prof Charles M. Barber pX
10
Ruth Kiebelka – Ostpreußens Schicksaljahre 1944–48 – Berlin, 2000, p279
11
Christopher Clark – Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia 1600–1947 – London, 2006, p676
Forgotten Silesia
1
Gregor Thum – Die Fremde Stadt, Breslau 1945 – Berlin, 2003, p13
2
Marion Frantzioch – Die Vertribenen – Berlin, 1987, p25
3
Herbert Hupka – Schlesien Lebt, offene Fragen kritische Antworten – Munich, 2006, p160–1
4
Hans Dieter Rutsch – Als die Deutschen weg waren, was nach der Vertreibung geschah: Ost Preußen, Schlesien, Sudetenland Hans Dieter Rutsch – Eine Geschichte aus Ober Schlesien – Berlin, 2005, p33
5&8
Hans Dieter Rutsch – Als die Deutschen weg waren, was nach der Vertreibung geschah: Ost Preußen, Schlesien, Sudetenland – Eine Geschichte aus Ober Schlesien – Berlin, 2005, p83, 42
6
Herbert Hupka – Schlesien Lebt, offene Fragen kritische Antworten – Munich, 2006, p176
7
Roger Moorhouse and Norman Davis – Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City – London, 2002, p282–3
9
Bruno Kosak Interview – former parliamentarian for the German minority in Upper Silesia
10–13
Joanna Manderla Interview at VDG & SKG stats & Herbert Hupka – Schlesien Lebt, offene Fragen kritische Antworten – Munich, 2006, p115–18, 75–78, 125–7
14
Gregor Thum – Die Fremde Stadt, Breslau 1945 – Berlin, 2003, p499
15–16
Herbert Hupka – Schlesien Lebt, offene Fragen kritische Antworten – Munich, 2006, p170–1, 158
17
Roger Moorhouse and Norman Davis – Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City – London, 2002, p298
18
Rafal Dutkiewicz – Mayor of Wroclaw (Breslau)
19
Gregor Thum – Die Fremde Stadt, Breslau 1945 – Berlin, 2003, p516–22
20
City Guide to Breslau (Wroclaw)
21
Joanna Manderla – representative of the German minority in Upper Silesia – Interview quote
Euro Regions: The Possibilities
Empty Sudetenland
1
Old German guide to Marienbad – Goethe quote
2
Various town guides including:
MPlan & Fraus guides to Cheb (Eger) – 2006 & 2005 respectively
MPlan guide to Marianske Lazne (Marienbad) – 2007
MPlan guide to Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad) – 2005
Phare guide to Loket – 1999
Horsovsky Tyn (Bischofteinitz) guide – 2005
Euro Regions: The Relative Successes
Signposts to the Alsace (Elsass)
1
Various town and regional guides including:
Guide Découverte Strasbourge – Rosheim, 2003
Guide Découverte Colmar
– Rosheim, 2002
Marco Polo – Elsaß – Stuttgart, 2005
Baedeker – Elsaß/Vogesen – Ostfildern, 2006
Unter Linden Museum Guide
The Xenophobe’s Guide to the Germans – p4–7
Memelland (Klaipedia – Lithuania)
1
Ruth Kiebelka – Ostpreußens Schicksaljahre 1944–48 – Berlin, 2000, p9–24
A Centre Against Ethnic Cleansing in Berlin, and the Warsaw Alternative
1
Herbert Hupka – Schlesien Lebt, offene Fragen kritische Antworten – Munich, 2006
2
Anja Kruke – Zwangsmigration und Vertreibung – Europa in 20 Jahrhundert – Bonn, 2006, p207–17 & Krisztian Ungvary – Vertreibung, die Ungarische Gesellschaft und einige Anregungen zur nationalen Erinnerungskultur
3
Steve Crawshaw – Easier Fatherland – London, 2004, p218–20
A Europe of the Regions
1
Stefan Aust and Stephan Burgdorff – Die Flucht: Über die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus dem Osten jetzt kaufen – Munich, 2005, p126–32
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