calls
Winesburg, Ohio the “ American equiva-
it was, or what infl uence it was to have in the
lent ” to Dubliners ( Artifi ce 59).
creation of a new art form
”
(46). Though 7
Ingram has identifi ed three major possibilities
O ’ Connor meant the short story and not the
for the collection of linked stories, categories
cycle, he understood the stories were inti-
that have been adjusted, reworked, and
mately and progressively connected. Though
renamed by various critics since, but which
Stanislaus Joyce claimed that his brother
have remained more or less intact. Such collec-
admired this book in particular (98), Richard
tions, he argues, “ may have been COMPOSED
Ellman argues conversely that Joyce “ refused
as a continuous whole, or ARRANGED into a
to share ” an admiration for Turgenev with his
series, or COMPLETED to form a set
”
(17;
brother ( Joyce 235). For his own part, Joyce
Ingram ’ s caps.). See Ingram, 16 – 25, for further
wrote to Stanislaus in 1905 that Turgenev is
discussion and defi nition.
“ a little dull (not clever) and at times theatri-
8
Other critics explore elements of this paradoxi-
cal ” ( Ellman , Letters
106). Anderson spent
cal understanding – that individual stories in
much time defl ecting the alleged importance
a cycle may be read autonomously and with a
of Turgenev
’
s infl uence (and that of other
sense of wholeness, while at the same time
500
Jeff Birkenstein
fi tting into and giving larger meaning to the
volume, not knowing that they depended on
schema of the cycle. Nagel argues that “ the
intertextual context for the full development
convention of the form [is] that each element
of character motivation and theme ” ( Contempo-
be suffi ciently complete for independent pub-
rary 246).
lication and yet serve as part of a volume 9
The unnamed bedridden author from this
unifi ed ” by various means ( “ Cycle ” 9). Nagel ’ s
introductory story may indeed be the elderly
phrase “ suffi ciently complete ” is an excellent
George Willard. He may also be the voice of
one. It at once suggests that a story extracted
the narrator of the other stories, or perhaps
from a cycle might be enough to provide a
Winesburg, Ohio is the “ never published ”
reader short on time with what he or she seeks
(Anderson, Winesburg 5) book that the writer
in a story, but also suggests that the story so
had written, though these two entities need
extracted is necessarily incomplete. Indeed,
not be separate. In turn, this old writer may be
Nagel points out that some readers “ have been
the voice of Sherwood Anderson, as he envi-
led to misinterpret individual stories within a
sions himself many years hence. Or not.
References and Further Reading
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Cherry , Kelly . “ Cleverness is a Savings and Loan . ”
fi ght in Heaven . New York : HarperPerennial ,
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1993 .
— — — . The Society of Friends . Columbia : Univer-
Anderson , Sherwood . Letters of Sherwood Anderson .
sity of Missouri Press , 1999 .
Eds. Howard Mumford Jones and Walter B.
— — — . Writing the World . Colombia : University
Rideout . Boston : Little, Brown , 1953 .
of Missouri Press , 1995 .
— — — . Sherwood Anderson
’
s Memoirs: A Critical Cowley , Malcolm . “ Faulkner Stories, in Amiable
Edition . Ed. Ray Lewis White . Chapel Hill :
Mood. ” New York Herald Tribune Book Review
University of North Carolina Press , 1969 .
(November 6, 1949 ): 7 .
— — — . Winesburg, Ohio . 1919. New York : Signet ,
— — — .
Introduction .
Winesburg, Ohio .
By
1993 .
Sherwood Anderson . New York : Penguin ,
Bakhtin , M. M. Problems of Dostoevsky
’
s Poetics .
1992 . 1 – 15 .
Trans. R. W. Rotsel.
Ann Arbor, MI
:
Ardis
, Culler ,
Jonathan .
Structuralist Poetics .
Ithaca :
1973 .
Cornell University Press , 1975 .
Bal , Mieke . Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of
Davis , Roc í o . “ Identity in Community in Ethnic
Narrative . Toronto : University of Toronto Press ,
Short Story Cycles: Amy Tan
’
s
The Joy
1985 .
Luck Club , Louise Erdrich ’ s Love Medicine ,
Beuka , Robert . SuburbiaNation: Reading Suburban
Gloria Naylor
’ s The Women of Brewster Place . ”
Landscape in Twentieth
-
Century American Fiction
Ethnicity and the American Short Story . Ed.
and Film . New York : Palgrave Macmillan ,
Julia Brown . New York : Garland , 1997 .
2004 .
3 – 23 .
Bredahl , Carl A . “ ‘ The Young Thing Within ’ :
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Divided Narrative and Sherwood Anderson
’
s
Avita Ronell.
On Narrative
. Ed.
W. J. T.
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Mitchell . Chicago : University of Chicago Press ,
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1981 . 51 – 77 .
Carver , Raymond . Call if You Need Me . Ed.
Dunn , Maggie , and Ann Morris . The Composite
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Novel: The Short Story Cycle in Transition . New
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McBride , 1927 .
Ellman , Richard . James Joyce . New York : Oxford
Chekhov , Anton . Letters on the Short Story, the
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Friedland . New York : Benjamin Blom , 1964 .
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The Short-Story Cycle
501
Erdrich , Louise . Love Medicine . New York : Bantam ,
Do You Think You Are? ” Canadian Literature 160
1984 .
( 1999 ): 73 – 98 .
Finkle , David . Review of My Life and Dr. Joyce
Mallon , Thomas . “ As Young as You Feel. ” Review
Brothers: A Novel in Stories , by Kelly Cherry. New
of The Lemon Table by Julian Barnes. New York
York
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Times Book Review (June 27, 2004 ): 7 .
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Mann , Susan Garland . The Short Story Cycle: A
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Athens : Ohio University Press , 1994 . 263 – 7 .
Greenwood , 1989 .
Gray , Paul . “ Mister Faulkner Goes to Stockholm .
Massey , Doreen . “ A Global Sense of Place . ”
Smithsonian 32 . 7 (October 2001 ): 56 – 60 .
Marxism Today (June 1991 ): 24 – 29 .
Ingram , Forrest L . Representative Short Story Cycles of
Matthews , Brander . The Story of a Story and Other
the Twentieth Century . The Hague : Mouton , 1971 .
Stories . New York : Harper & Brothers , 1893 .
Irving , Washington . The Sketch Book of Geoffrey May , Charles E . “ The Nature of Knowledge in
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Short Fiction . ” The New Short Story Theories . Ed.
Jewett , Sarah Orne . The Country of the Pointed Firs
Charles E. May . Athens : Ohio University Press ,
and Other Stories . Garden City, NY : Doubleday ,
1994 . 131 – 43 .
1956 .
— — — . The Short Story: The Reality of Artifi ce . New
Joyce , Stanislaus . My Brother ’ s Keeper: James Joyce ’ s
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Early Years . New York : Viking , 1958 .
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.
”
Modern
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— — — . The Contemporary American Short - Story
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— — — . “ Introduction: The American Short Story
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Sequence – Defi nitions and Implications . ”
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. Ed. J.
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Robert .
“ American
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Short
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Athens : Ohio University Press , 1994 . 59 – 72 .
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Silko , Leslie Marmon . Storyteller . New York :
— — — . “ Discussion of Short Story Sequences . ”
Arcade , 1981 .
Short Story Criticism Papers and Roundtable.
Turgenev , Ivan . A Sportsman ’ s Notebook . Trans.
Sixth International Conference on the Short
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New York
:
Story in English. University of Iowa, Iowa City.
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— — — . “ The Short Story Sequence: An Open
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Book . ” Short Story Theory at a Crossroads . Eds.
Worthington , Kim L. Self as Narrative: Subjectivity
Susan Lohafer and Jo Ellyn Clarey . Baton
and Community in Contemporary Fiction . Oxford :
Rouge : Louisiana State University Press , 1989 .
Clarendon Press , 1996 .
148 – 67 .
Zagarell , Sandra A. “ Narrative of Community: The
Lynch , Gerald . “ No Honey, I ’ m Home: Place Over
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13.3 (Spring
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Index
Alcott, Louisa May: 188; Little Women, 190;
“Sophistication,” 491; Winesburg, Ohio,
“Silver Pitchers,” 190
25, 218, 278, 296, 439, 482, 497
Aldrich, Thomas Bailey: “Marjorie Dew,”
Appleton, Jane Sophia: 193; “Sequel to the
15; Marjorie Dew and Other People, 15;
‘Vision of Bangor in the Twentieth
Two Bites at a Cherry, 15
Century’,” 193
Aleichem, Sholom: 461
Aristotle: 27, 173–74; Poetics, 298
Alexie, Sherman: “Because My Father
Asbury, Herbert: The Gangs of New York,
Always Said He Was the Only Indian
176
Who Saw Jimi Hendrix Play ‘The
Aswell, Mary Lou: 283
Star-Spangled Banner’ at Woodstock,”
Atlantic Monthly: 13, 69, 105, 143, 163,
221; “Every Little Hurricane,” 488–89;
176, 187, 194, 202, 410
“A Good Story,” 476; “The Lone Ranger
Atlas, James: 328–29
and Tonto Fistfi ght in Heaven,” 221;
Auster, Paul: 432
The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfi ght in
Austin, Mary: 18, 418; The Land of Little
Heaven, 221, 488; Ten Little Indians, 476;
Rain, 391
“This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix,
Austin, William: “Peter Rugg, the Missing
Arizona,” 489; The Toughest Indian in the
Man,” 7
World, 476
Allan, James Lane: 17
Bachelard, Gaston: The Poetics of Space,
Allen, Woody: 78, 89
376
Alvarez, Julia: 477; How the Garcia Girls
Bacheller, Irving: 138
Lost Their Accents, 222
Baldwin, James: 221; “Going to Meet the
Alvarez, Ruth M.: 256–76
Man, 474; Going to Meet the Man,
Anaya, Rudolfo: Bless Me, Ultima, 381
473–74; “Sonny’s Blues,” 221, 474;
Anderson, Sherwood: 17, 225–26, 278, 296,
“This Morning, This Evening, So Soon,”
304, 329, 439, 482–97; “The Book of
221
the Grotesque,” 491–92; “Death,” 491;
Baldwin, Joseph: Flush Times of Alabama
“Death in the Woods,” 218; “Departure,”
and Mississippi, 14
490–91; “The Door of the Trap,” 218;
Balzac, Honoré de: 177
“Hands,” 490; “Loneliness,” 490;
Bambara, Toni Cade: Gorilla, My Love,
“Mother,” 490–91; “Paper Pills,” 491;
474; “The Lesson,” 221, 474
Index
503
Baraka, Amiri: 320; Tales, 221
Bibb, Henry: 73–74
Barnes, Djun
a: 297
Bierce, Ambrose: 18, 182, 408, 415; “The
Barth, John: “Night-Sea Journey,” 223
Death of Halpin Frayser,” 416; Devil’s
Barthelme, Donald: “Views of My Father
Dictionary, 121; “The Middle Toe of the
Weeping,” 223
Right Foot,” 416
Barton, Maria Amparo Ruiz de: 203
Bildungsroman: 382, 385
Bates, H. E.: 278
Bird, Robert Montgomery: Sheppard Lee,
Beckett, Samuel: Waiting for Godot, 182
24
Bellow, Saul: 328–42, 452–56, 472;
Birkenstein, Jeff: 482–501
“Address by Gooley McDowell to the
Bland, Eleanor Taylor: 432
Hasbeens Club of Chicago,” 331; “The
Bloom, Harold: 372, 374
Actual,” 338, 340; The Adventures of Augie
Bonner, Marita: 471
March, 333–35; The Bellarosa Connection,
Boyensen, Hjalmar Hjorth: “A Disastrous
338–39; “By the Rock Wall,” 331; “By
Partnership,” 467; Vagabond Tales, 467
the St. Lawrence,” 339; The Collected
Boyle, Kay: 304
Stories, 339, 341, 454; “Cousins,” 338;
Brook Farm: 53–54, 187
Dangling Man, 331–33; 335; The Dean’s
Brooks, Cleanth: 39
December, 334; “Dora,” 331; “A Father-
Brown, Alice: 91
to-Be,” 335; “The Gonzaga Manuscripts,”
Brown, Slater: 265
331, 335; Henderson the Rain King, 334,
Brown, William Wells: 73; Clotel; or the
336; Herzog, 334, 336; Him with His Foot
President’s Daughter: A Narrative of Slave
in His Mouth,” 336–37, 453; Humbolt’s
Life in the United States, 70
Gift, 328, 334; “Leaving the Yellow
Browning, Robert: Men and Women, 230;
House,” 331, 335; “Looking for Mr.
“My Last Duchess,” 123–24
Green,” 331, 335, 454, 473; “The
Bruccoli, Matthew J.: 295, 298
Mexican General,” 330; More Die of
Bryant, William Cullen: 7; “The Indian
Heartbreak, 334, 336–37; Mosby’s Memoirs,
Spring,” 8
331, 335; “Mr. Katz, Mr. Cohen, and
Bukiet, Melvin: 458; The County of Birches,
Cosmology,” 331; Mr. Sammler’s Planet,
460; A Faker’s Dozen, 460; “Himmler’s
334; “The Old System,” 335, 454;
Chickens,” 460; “The Library of Moloch,”
Ravelstein, 329–30, 338, 340–41; Seize the
460; Stories of an Imaginary Childhood,
Day, 331, 333, 335, 337; “Sermon by
460; “The Two Franzes,” 460
Dr. Pep,” 331; “A Silver Dish,” 337;
Bulosan, Carlos: 436, 441
“Something to Remember Me By,” 339,
A Companion to the American Short Story Page 108