Swindled
Page 39
Goodwin, Lorine Swainston, The Pure Food, Drink and Drug Crusaders, 1879–1914 (London: McFarland, 1999).
Gottesman, Ronald, “Introduction” to The Jungle by Upton Sinclair (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1985).
Gray, Ernest A., By Candlelight: The Life of Arthur Hill Hassall, 1817–94 (London: Robert Hale, 1983).
Greenaway, Frank (ed.), The Archives of the Royal Institution of Great Britain in Facsimile, 1799–1900 (Menston, Ilkley: Scolar Press, 1971).
Haber, Barbara, From Hardtacks to Home Fries (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002).
Hamlin, Christopher, A Science of Impurity: Water Analysis in Nineteenth-century Britain (Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1990).
———, Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick: Britain 1800–1854 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
Hassall, Arthur Hill, Food and Its Adulterations (London: Longman, Brown, Green, 1855).
———, The Narrative of a Busy Life: An Autobiography (London: Longmans Green, 1893).
Haydon, Peter, Beer and Britannia: An Inebriated History of Britain (London: Sutton Publishing, 2001).
Hesser, Amanda, Cooking for Mr. Latte (New York: Norton, 2003).
Hudson, John, The History of Chemistry (London: Macmillan, 1992).
Hughson, D., The New Family Receipt Book (London: W. Pritchard, 1817).
Humble, Nicola, Culinary Pleasures (London: Faber, 2005).
Hutchins, B. L., The Public Health Agitation: 1833–1848 (London: Fifield, 1909).
Jackson, Henry, An Essay on Bread, wherein the Bakers and Millers Are Vindicated from the Aspersions Contained in Two Pamphlets (London: J. Wilkie, 1758).
Jacobsen, Jan Krag, paper given to the Oxford Food Symposium on Adulteration, September 2005.
Johnson, Hugh, The Story of Wine (London: Mitchell Beazley, 1989).
Junod, Suzanne White, “The Rise and Fall of Federal Food Standards in the United States: The Case of the Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich,” paper given at the Spring Conference, Society for the Social History of Medicine, 9 April 1999.
Juvenal, Juvenal: The Satires, edited by E. Courtney (Rome, 1984).
Kallet, Arthur, and F. Klink, 100 000 000 Guinea Pigs (New York: Vanguard Press, 1933).
Kaplan, Steven Laurence, The Bakers of Paris and the Bread Question, 1700–1775 (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1996).
Kennett, Frances, History of Perfume (London: Harrap, 1975).
Kessler, David, “Remarks by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs,” Food and Drug Law Journal, vol. 48 (1993): 1–11.
Keuchel, Edward, F., “Chemicals and Meat: The Embalmed Beef Scandal of the Spanish-American War,” Bulletin of Medical History, vol. 48 (1974): 249–64.
Kolko, Gabriel, The Triumph of Conservatism: A Re-interpretation of American History, 1900–1916 (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963).
Lawrence, Felicity (ed.), Additives: Your Completes Survival Guide (London: Century, 1986).
———, Not on the Label: What Really Goes into the Food on Your Plate (London: Penguin, 2004).
Lee, Kwang-Sun, “Infant Mortality Decline in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century: Role of Market Milk,” http://www.ironwood.cpe.uchicago.edu/CPE_Workshop/paper, accessed 9 October 2006.
Letheby, Henry, On Food: Four Cantor Lectures (London: Longman, Green, 1870).
Levenson, Barry, M., Habeas Codfish: Reflections on Food and the Law (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001).
Levenstein, Harvey, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).
Li-Chan, Eunice, “Developments in Detection of Adulteration of Olive Oil,” Trends in Food Science and Technology, vol. 5 (January 1994): 3–11.
London Food Commission, Food Adulteration and How to Beat It (London: Unwin Hyman, 1988).
Loomis, C. Grant, “Mary Had a Parody: A Rhyme of Childhood in Folk Tradition,” Western Folklore, vol. 17 (January 1985): 45–51.
Loubère, Leo A., The Red and the White: A History of Wine in France and Italy in the Nineteenth Century (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1978).
Lyon, William, F., “Insects as Human Food,” Ohio State University Fact Sheet, 1994, http://www.ohioline.osu.edu, accessed November 2006.
Lyons, Jean. and Martha Rumore, “Food Labeling Then and Now,” Journal of Pharmacy and Law, vol. 172 (1993).
McCance, R. A., and E. M. Widdowson, Breads White and Brown: Their Place in Thought and Social History (London: Pitman Medical Publishing, 1956).
McCarry, C., Citizen Nader (New York: Saturday Review Press, 1972).
McGee, Harold, On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984).
MacKenney, Richard, Tradesmen and Traders: The World of Guilds in Venice and Europe c. 1280–c. 1650 (London: Croom Helm, 1987).
Mandel, Boris L., “Food Additives Are Common Causes of Attention Deficit Disorder in Children,” Annals of Allergy (May 1994).
Manning, James, The Nature of Bread Honestly and Dishonestly Made (London: R. Davis, 1757).
Markham, Peter, A Letter to the Right Honourable William Pitt, Relating to the Abuses Practiced by Bakers (London: M. Cooper, 1757).
Martin, John, B., “The Imitation Jam Case and Its Effect on the Ice Cream Industry,” Food and Drug Law Journal, vol. 8 (1954): 123–26.
Mayhew, Henry, The Morning Chronicle Survey of Labour and the Poor: The Metropolitan Districts (London: Caliban Books, 1980–).
Miller, Ian, “Alum Production at Carlton Alum Works,” http://www.oxfordarch.co.uk (article of May 2004).
Mitchell, John, Treatise on the Falsifications of Food and the Chemical Means Employed to Detect Them (London: Hippolyte Baillière, 1848).
Monckton, H. A., A History of English Ale and Beer (London: Bodley Head, 1966).
Murphy, Kevin C., “Pure Food, the Press and the Poison Squad: Evaluating Coverage of Harvey W. Wiley’s Hygienic Table,” 2001,” http://www.kevincmurphy.com, accessed September 2006.
Nader, Ralph, The Ralph Nader Reader (London: Seven Stories Press, 2000).
Nelson, Robert, L., “The Price of Bread: Poverty, Purchasing Power and the Victorian Labourer’s Standard of Living,” modified 25 December 2005, http://www.victorianweb.org.
Nestle, Marion, Food Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002).
———, What to Eat (New York: North Point Press, 2006).
Nightingale, Pamela, A Medieval Mercantile Community: The Grocer’s Company and the Politics and Trade of London 1000–1485 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
Normandy, Alphonse, The Commercial Handbook of Chemical Analysis (London: George Knight & Sons, 1850).
Olver, Lynne, “Mock Foods,” in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
Orwell, George, The Road to Wigan Pier, originally published 1937 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2001).
Padovan, G. J., et al., “Detection of Adulteration of Commercial Honey Samples by the 13C/12C Isotopic Ratio,” Food Chemistry, vol. 82, no. 4 (2003): 633–36.
Parmentier, Antoine-Augustin, “Treatise on the Composition and Use of Chocolate,” Nicholson’s Journal: Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts, vol. 5 (1803).
Patten, Marguerite, We’ll Eat Again (London: Hamlyn, 1985).
Patton, Jeffrey, Additives, Adulterants and Contaminants in Beer (London: Patton Publications, 1989).
Phillips, Rod, “Wine and Adulteration,” History Today (June 2000): 31–37.
———, A Short History of Wine (London: Penguin, 2001).
Picard, André, “Today’s Fruits, Vegetables Lack Yesterday’s Nutrition,” Toronto Globe and Mail, 6 July 2002.
Platt, Hugh, Sundrie New and Artificiall Remedies against Famine (London: P.S., 1596).
Pliny, the Elder, Naturalis historia, Natural History, English and Latin, translated by H. Rackham, 10 vols. (London: Heinemann, 1968).
/> Potter, Stephen, The Magic Number: The Story of “57” (London: M. Reinhardt, 1959).
Purvis, Andrew, “It’s Supposed to Be Lean Cuisine. So Why Is This Chicken Fatter than It Looks?” Observer Food Monthly, 15 May 2005.
Pyke, Magnus, Synthetic Food (London: John Murray, 1970).
———, Technological Eating (London: John Murray, 1972).
Ratledge, Andrew, “Food Fraud and the British Consumer, 1800–1860,” Third International Conference of the Research Centre for the History of Food and Drink, 12–14 July 2004.
Ravilious, Kate, “Buyer Beware: The Rise of Food Fraud,” New Scientist, 15 November 2006.
Redding, Cyrus, History and Description of Modern Wines (London: Whittaker, Treacher and Arnot, 1833).
Reed, Gerald (ed.), Enzymes in Food Processing (New York: Academic Press, 1975).
Renard, Georges, Guilds in the Middle Ages, translated by Dorothy Terry, originally published 1918 (New York: Augustus M. Kelly, 1968).
Reynolds, John Hamilton, The Press, or Literary Chit-Chat. A Satire (London: Lupton Relfe 1822).
Roberts, H. J., “Aspartame and Brain Cancer,” letter to Lancet, 1 February 1997.
Robinson, Jancis, The Oxford Companion to Wine, second edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
Rodden, John (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to George Orwell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
Roosevelt, Theodore, Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography (London: Macmillan, 1913).
———, The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, edited by Elting E. Morison (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954).
Rothschild, Louis, “The Newest Regulatory Agency in Washington,” Food and Drug Law Journal, vol. 33 (1978): 86–93.
Rowlinson, P. J., “Food Adulteration: Its Control in Nineteenth Century Britain,” Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, vol. 7, no. 1 (1982): 63–71.
Rubin, Miri, The Hollow Crown: A History of Britain in the Late Middle Ages (London: Allen Lane, 2005).
Rumohr, Carl Friedrich von, The Essence of Cookery, translated by Barbara Yeomans (Totnes: Prospect Books, 1993 [originally published Stuttgart, 1822]).
Rundell, Mrs., A New System of Domestic Cookery (London: John Murray, 1818).
Sabine, R. H., “The Changing Role of the Flavourist,” Flavour Industry, vol. 3, no. 10 (October 1972): 509–10.
Sachs, Jeffrey, The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time (London: Allen Lane, 2005).
Schlosser, Eric, Fast Food Nation: What the All-American Meal Is Doing to the World (London: Allen Lane, 2001).
Schmid, Ron, “Pasteurize or Certify: Two Solutions to the Milk Problem,” http:// www.realmilk.com/untoldstory, accessed 9 October 2006.
Shaugnessy, Haydn, “What’s Your Poison?” Irish Times, 18 October 2005.
Shipperbottom, Roy, “Paradise Lost: The Adulteration of Spices,” Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery (1993), pp. 247–53.
Sinclair, Upton, The Jungle ( London: T. Werner Laurie, 1906).
———, The Autobiography of Upton Sinclair (London: W. H. Allen, 1963).
Singer, Peter, and Jim Mason, Eating: Why We Eat What We Eat and Why It Matters (London: Arrow Books, 2006).
Slotnick, Bonnie J. “Sylvester Graham,” in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America, edited by Andrew F. Smith (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), vol. 1, pp. 573–74.
Smith, Andrew, Pure Ketchup: A History of America’s National Condiment (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001).
Smith, R.E.F., and David Christian, Bread and Salt: A Social and Economic History of Food and Drink in Russia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984).
Smollett, Tobias, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (London: W. Johnston, 1771).
Smyth, Todd R., “The FDA’s Public Board of Inquiry and the Aspartame Decision,” Indiana Law Journal, vol. 58 (1982–83): 627–49.
Soffritti, Morando, et al., “First Experimental Demonstration of the Multipotential Carcinogenic Effects of Aspartame Administered in the Feed to Spague- Dowley Rats,” Environmental Health Perspectives (November 2005): 1–34.
Somers, Ira A., “Additives, Standards and Nutritional Contributions of Foods,” Food Drug and Cosmetic Law Journal (1970).
Spencer, Colin, British Food: An Extraordinary Thousand Years of History (London: Grub Street, 2002).
Spiekermann, Uwe, “Brown Bread for Victory: German and British Wholemeal Politics in the Inter-War Period,” in Food and Conflict in Europe in the Age of Two World Wars, edited by Frank Trentmann and Flemming Just (London: Palgrave, 2006).
Staff of the Legislation Unit, Flavourings in Food—A Legal Perspective (Leatherhead, Survey: Leatherhead Publishing, 2000).
Stanziani, Alessandro (ed.), La Qualité des produits en France (XVIIIe–XXe siècles) (Paris: Belin, 2003).
———, Histoire de la qualité alimentaire, XIXe–XXe siècles (Paris: Seuil, 2005).
Stieb, Ernst Walter, Drug Adulteration: Detection and Control in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966).
Studer, P., The Oak Book of Southampton, vol. 2, A Fourteenth-Century Version of the Medieval Sea-Laws Known as the Rolls of Oleron (Southampton: Cox & Sharland, 1911).
Suh, Suk Bong, Upton Sinclair and The Jungle (Seoul: American Studies Institute, 1997).
Sullivan, Mark, Our Times: The United States, 1900–1925, vol. 2 (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1927).
Suskind, Patrick, Perfume: The Story of a Murderer, translated by John E. Woods (London: Penguin, 1986).
Swanson, Heather, Medieval Artisans: An Urban Class in Late Medieval England (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989).
Swanson, J., and M. Kinsbourne, “‘Food Dyes Impair Performance of Hyperactive Children on a Laboratory Learning Test,” Science (March 1980): 1485–87.
Taylor, Arthur, J., Laissez-faire and State Intervention in Nineteenth-century Britain (London: Macmillan, 1972).
Taylor, R. J., Food Additives (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1980).
Tickletooth, Tabitha, The Dinner Question or How to Dine Well & Economically, facsimile edition (Blackawton, Devon: Prospect Books, 1999).
Toussaint-Samat, Maguelonne, A History of food, translated by Anthea Bell (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992).
Turner, James, S., The Chemical Feast: The Ralph Nader Study Group Report on Food Protection and the Food and Drug Administration (New York: Grossman, 1970).
Twain, Mark, Life on the Mississippi, facsimile of original 1883 edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
Waldron, H. A., “James Hardy and the Devonshire Colic,” Medical History (1969): 74–81.
White House, The White House Conference Report on Nutrition and Health: Full Report, “The New Foods Panel” (1969), pp. 116ff (available at http://www.nns.nih.gov/1969/full_report/PDFcontents.htm, accessed June 2007).
Whitley, Andrew, Bread Matters: The State of Modern Bread and a Definitive Guide to Baking Your Own (London: Fourth Estate, 2006).
Whittet, T. D., “Pepperers, Spicers and Grocers—Forerunners of the Apothecaries,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, vol. 61 (August 1968): 801–6.
Wiley, Harvey W., Foods and Their Adulteration (London: J. & A. Churchill, 1907).
———, 1001 Tests of Foods, Beverages and Toilet Accessories (New York: Hearst’s International Library, 1914).
———, Foods and Their Adulteration, third edition (London: J. & A. Churchill, 1917).
———, Beverages and Their Adulteration (London: J. & A. Churchill, 1919).
———, An Autobiography (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1930).
Willard, Pat, Saffron: The Vagabond Life of the World’s Most Seductive Spice (London: Souvenir Press, 2001).
Willis, Daniel P., “Preventing Economic Adulteration of Food,” Food and Drug Law Journal (March 1946).
Woolfe, Mark, and Sandy Primrose, “Food Forensics: Using DNA Technology to Combat Misdescription and Fraud,” Trends in Biotechno
logy, vol. 22, no. 5 (May 2004): 222–26.
Young, James Harvey, Pure Food: Securing the Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989).
Zehetner, Anthony, and Mark McLean, “Aspartame and the InterNet,” letter to Lancet, 3 July 1999.
Ziegler, Erich, and Herta Ziegler (eds.), Flavourings: Production, Consumption, Applications, Regulations (Chichester: Wiley-VCH, 1998).
Zupko, Ronald Edward, British Weights and Measures: A History from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977).
Acknowledgments
I am grateful to my publishers, John Murray in the UK and Princeton University Press in the United States. Anya Serota thought of the title and supported the project in its early stages. At Princeton University Press, many thanks to Ian Malcolm for generously taking the book on and to Ellen Foos and Anita O’Brien for their hard work and professionalism. I am extremely fortunate in my agents: in the UK, Pat Kavanagh, who has a better sense of food than anyone I know; and in the United States, Emma Parry, whose ability to order well in restaurants is just one of her peerless qualities.
Many friends, relatives, and colleagues helped supply details, advice, and support of various kinds. Thanks to Anna Ashelford at the Food Standards Agency, Adam Balic (for fake eggs), Lucy Bannell, Catherine Blyth, Caroline and Hugh Boileau, Jenny Brannan at the British Medical Association, Geoff Brennan (for norms), Bronwen Bromberger, Lauren Carleton Paget, Emily Charkin, Hilary Cox, Caroline Davidson, Charlotte Dewar, Margaret Dorey, Lindsay Duguid (for Karl Marx), Katherine Duncan-Jones, Nathalie Golden at the Food Standards Agency, Theo Fairley, Judith Flanders (for red anchovies), Bob Goodin (for philosophy), Christelle Guibert at Waitrose, Barry Higman, Sarah Howard (for wine), Tristram Hunt (for Engels), Mark Lake (for dyed olives), Miranda Landgraf, Melissa Lane, Dan Lepard (for bread), Paul Levy, Esther McNeill, Anne Malcolm (for mock turtle soup), Anthea Morrison, Anna Murphy, Francis Percival, Ruth Platt, Elfreda Pownall, Rose Prince (for enzymes), Kelly Rayney at Waitrose, Claudia Roden (for saffron), Emma Rothschild, Tim Rowse, Miri Rubin, Garry and Ruth Runciman, Magnus Ryan, Abby Scott (for hot chocolate), Ruth Scurr, Marlena Spieler, Gareth Stedman Jones (for guilds), Peter Stodhart (for Juvenal), Adam Tooze, Frank Trentmann, Mark Turner, Simon and Toby Welfare, Andrew Whitley (for fortification), Andrew Wilson, Emily Wilson, Stephen Wilson.