by Geo Maher
as strongest antidote to police, 137
Community Conferencing Center (now Restorative Response Baltimore), 144
community control, demand for, 157–9
community justice, 163, 173–4
community policing, 74, 77, 78, 80, 86–7, 88, 126, 149, 170
community restorative justice (CRJ) centers, 163
community safety
Minneapolis’s resolution on transformation of, 131–2
new model of, 131
Compton Executioners, 220
Confederate flag, banning of by NASCAR, 6
Confederate monuments, destruction and removal of, 6–7
Congressional Black Caucus, as supporting drug laws (1986), 29
Connor, Bull, 42–3, 83, 178
contracts, and police power, 108
cooling-off period, 88, 107–8, 109
Cooperation Jackson, 181
Coordinadora Simón Bolivar, 158
Cops (TV show), 6
“copspeak,” 35–6, 56, 86
Copwatch, 137
CoreCivic, 203
Correia, David, 35, 57, 89, 90, 107
counterinsurgency
civilians increasingly viewed as counterinsurgents, 33
community policing as dystopian model of, 86
policing as, 42
in US/by US, 44, 75, 139, 180, 201
Covid-19 pandemic, impacts of, 150
Crawford, John, III, 21
crime rates, 31, 32, 33, 34, 48, 49, 64, 216
criminal aliens, 187, 188, 209
Crips, 140
Crisis Assistance Helping Out on the Streets (CAHOOTS), 142
Cristo, Isabel, 61–2
Critical Resistance, 14–15, 92, 146
Crivello, Mike, 116
CRJ (community restorative justice) centers, 163
Crusius, Patrick, 41
Cruz, Nikolas, 66
Cunningham, Phillipe, 130
Cunningham-Cook, Matthew, 116
Cure Violence, 174–5
Customs and Border Protection (CBP), 184, 185, 189, 190, 191, 201
DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), 207, 219
Dailey, Jane, 7
Dakota Access Pipeline
military force as used against protesters of, 42
resistance to, 209
Davis, Angela, 11, 13, 131, 145
Davis, Jefferson, 6
Davis, Jordan, 21
Davis, Mike, 140
Deacons for Defense and Justice, 139, 158
de Blasio, Bill, 64, 99, 214, 224
decarceration, 150
Defund Hate Campaign, 204
defunding the police
calls for, 2, 5, 63, 91, 93–4, 120, 133, 147, 148, 198, 203, 204, 227
suburbs as metaphor for, 159–61
demilitarization, as topic of police reform, 80, 83–4
democratic confederalism, in Syria, 164–5
Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), 115
Denvir, Daniel, 189, 200–1
deportation
child deportation, 192
demands for end to, 208
direct action against, 206–7
mass deportations, 192, 201, 210
self-deportation, 194–5, 206
statistics on, 190
sword of as hanging over working class, 197
universities’ collaboration with, 204
Desert Eagles (Águilas del Desierto), 184–5, 188
Detroit Police Officers Association, 103
Diamond and Silk (vloggers), 196
Dilts, Andrew, 146
Dinkins, David, 104
“Dirty Harry Syndrome,” 218
disciplining, of police, 110
Discord (app), 134
Disu, Jessica, 16
diversification, as topic of police reform, 84
Dodd, Jed, 121
domestic violence, by officers on partners or children, 58–9
Douglass, Frederick, 14, 197
Du Bois, W.E.B., 12, 13, 14, 23–5, 26, 27, 28, 39, 41–2, 45, 100, 194, 199, 225, 226
due process, for police, 109, 122
Duke, David, 188
Dunn, Michael, 21
e-carceration, 150
#8toAbolition, 92
Eighth Amendment (US Constitution), 217
Ellison, Jeremiah, 2
The End of the Myth (Grandin), 199
enforcement and removal (ERO), 191
Engels, Friedrich, 128
Esquivias, Ricardo, 184–5
Estrada, Hector, 148
Ewing, Eve, 121
Fagan, Jeffrey, 110–11
Fanon, Frantz, 5, 160
Farrar, William (“Tony”), 81
FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting database, 32
Felber, Garrett, 138
Ferguson, Missouri
bogus fines and exorbitant court fees collected by police in, 217
extortion by police in, 217
military force as used against protesters in, 42, 83, 177, 178
police killing of Mike Brown in, 4, 15, 21, 28, 50, 78, 84, 98, 118, 229
police of as trained in Israel, 83
poor as pushed from city to impoverished suburban areas of, 161
protests/rebellions in, 28, 42, 78, 81, 87, 222
Ferguson Commission, 78
“Ferguson effect,” 224
Ferguson Report, 78, 84
Fernández, Luis, 205
Fetonte, Danny, 115
Fifteenth Amendment (US Constitution), 12
Fifth Amendment (US Constitution), 102, 109
Fletcher, Bill, Jr., 114, 120
Fletcher, Steve, 130, 131
Florida
killing of Trayvon Martin in Sanford, 4, 20–1, 87
mass school shooting in Parkland, 66
Pulse nightclub massacre in Orlando, 67
vigilante killing of Jordan Davis in Jacksonville, 21
Floyd, George
police department reaction to killing of, 8–9, 215
police killing of in Minneapolis, 1–2, 4, 5, 6, 50, 74, 85, 90, 112, 125, 130
protests/rebellions following death of, 1–2, 3, 6–7, 20, 63, 84, 93, 99, 112, 129, 130, 134, 147, 151, 178, 180–1, 190, 202, 214, 221, 223, 227
Forman, James, Jr., 27, 30
Foster, Garrett, 8, 223
Foucault, Michel, 35, 37
Fourteenth Amendment (US Constitution), 12
Fourth Amendment (US Constitution), 102
Fox News
Jessica Disu’s call to abolish police on, 16
law enforcement speaking on, 227
Francisco Villa Popular Front, 169
Fraternal Order of Police (FOP), 73, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 107, 109, 110, 111, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 201, 219–20, 221
Freud, Sigmund, 95
Frey, Jacob, 112, 133
From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation (Taylor), 51
Gardner, Kim, 99
Garner, Eric, 5, 64, 72, 81, 85–6, 89, 93, 99
Garvey, Marcus, 197
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 50
general strikes, as protest tool, 9, 100, 138, 198–9
gentrification, impacts of, 41, 225
GEO Group, 203
George Floyd Justice in Policing Act (2020), 90–1
Georgia
law criminalizing bias-motivated intimidation against police, 224
police killing of Rayshard Brooks in Atlanta, 8, 84, 113
vigilante killing of Ahmaud Arbery in, 5, 19
Gilmore, Ruth Wilson, 11, 91, 92, 162, 231
Giuliani, Rudy, 104
Gomes, Stephanie, 214–15
Gordon, Cam, 130–1, 132
Gorz, André, 91–2
Goudreau, Jordan, 44
Grandin, Greg, 199
grand juries
decisions in cases involving Black people, 22
in independent investigations of police killings, 88
Grant,
Melissa Gira, 60, 223
Grant, Oscar, 4, 34, 72, 155, 159
The Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck), 127
grassroot networks/movements, in Mexico, 168, 170, 171
grassroots community organizations, history of as alternative to police, 140–1, 144, 145
Gray, Freddie, 4, 15, 22, 28, 84, 88, 108
Grim, Andrew, 124
“gringo justice,” 39–40
Guap, Celester, 61
Guardado, Andrés, 78, 118, 220
Guardian Angels, 141
Gude, Shawn, 117
Gugino, Martin, 8
Guzman, Aida, 97, 98
Habersham, Clarence, 71
Hager, Eli, 109, 110
Hall, Jacquelyn Down, 160
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 139
Hansford, Justin, 87
Harris, Kamala, 37
Hate Crimes Prevention Act, 111
Heatherton, Christina, 42
Hernández, Kelly Lytle, 39, 189, 200
Hernández, Rosario, 169–70
Herzing, Rachel, 73
Hidden in Plain Sight (Brennan Center report), 220
Hinton, Elizabeth, 30
Holtzclaw, Daniel, 57
Homan, Thomas, 201
Honorable Cuerpo de Topiles, 170
Horne, Gerald, 176
HoSang, Daniel, 196
Houston Police Officers’ Union, 116
Howe, Darcus, 179
human trafficking, 146–7, 192
Hurricane Katrina, and creation of Common Ground Collective, 175, 176
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA), 187, 210
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
arrests by under Trump administration, 190
calls for abolition of, 191, 192, 193
campaigns to discredit, defund, and isolate, 203–4
demographics of agents in, 201
deportations by under Trump administration, 190
as embracing Trump’s candidacy, 201
endorsement of Trump by, 219
enforcement and removal (ERO) role of, 191, 192
establishment of, 189
George W. Bush as overseeing creation of, 185
investigatory (HSI) wing of, 191, 192
legal (OPLA) wing of, 191, 192
resistance to, 204–6, 208
immigration enforcement, 146, 153, 187–90, 195
immigration system, origin of, 187
imperial policing, 38
implicit bias, 23, 28, 85
impunity, for police, 40, 51, 58, 77, 78, 85, 89, 93, 95, 100, 107–8, 109, 110, 112, 117, 118, 119, 126, 162, 166, 191, 210, 213, 217, 218, 223, 224, 230
INCITE! 144, 146
Indigenous people
community policing traditions of, 170
police brutality against, 50
rising up of Purépecha Indigenous community in Cherán, 171–2
and Texas Rangers, 39
treatment of by police, 62
as two times more likely to suffer deaths at hands of law enforcement than white people, 47
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 100, 197
inequality
abolition as meaning dismantling of, 151
elimination of, 128
as going hand in hand with poverty and violence, 178
police as reinforcing, 45
as reaching breaking point, 4
social system as based on, 31
street patrols as potentially reinforcing, 141
Institute for Justice, on qualified immunity, 111
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), 168
International Brotherhood of Police Officers (IBPO), 107, 113
International Brother of Correctional Officers, 107
International Criminal Court, 223
International Union of Police Associations (IUPA), 107, 111, 112, 113
Iraq, Nisour Square massacre (2007), 223
Israel
Ferguson, Missouri, police as trained in, 83
police as modeled on Britain’s colonial Palestine Police Force, 166
IWW (Industrial Workers of the World), 100, 197
Jim Crow, 13, 26, 28, 40, 62, 138–9, 154, 225
Johnson, Cedric, 116–17
Johnson, Lyndon B., 39, 76
Jones, Reece, 209–10
Joseph, David, 115
Josey, Jonathan, 97–8, 107, 124
JPMorgan Chase, 203
“Juan Crow,” 40
justice
community justice, 163, 173–4
“gringo justice,” 39–40
procedural justice, 74, 80, 87–8, 130
restorative justice, 134, 136, 143, 163, 175
systems of in US, 39–40
Kaba, Mariame, 11, 17, 83, 89, 92, 94, 156
Kaepernick, Colin, 98
Katzenbach Commission, 76, 88
Kayyem, Juliette, 193
Kelley, Robin, D. G., 36, 121, 123, 139, 217
Kelly, Kim, 118, 202
Kenosha, Wisconsin
killing of protesters in by white supremacist, 9, 221
police brutality against Jacob Blake in, 9, 20
Kentucky
Klan activity in police departments in, 220
police killing of Breonna Taylor in Louisville, 5, 93, 227
Kerner Commission, 76, 84, 88
King, Rodney, 82
Klan Border Watch, 201
Klein, Naomi, 175–6
Knapp Commission, 76–7
Kolts Commission, 77
Krasner, Larry, 80, 125
Kroll, Bob, 99, 100, 112
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 24–5, 40, 139, 188, 201, 220
La Polvorilla (Spitfire), 168–9
Latin America
communal councils and communes in Venezuela, 178–9, 181
community self-defense in Bolivia, 173
demand for community control in Caracas, Venezuela, 157–8
mercenary action in Venezuela, 44
Pink Tide in, 167
police reform in Colombia, 180
police reform in Venezuela, 180
revolutionary movements in Caracas, Venezuela, 157–9
Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua, 175
Latinx
May Day 2006
workers’ strike by, 198
as two times more likely to suffer deaths at hands of law enforcement than white people, 47
view of police, 40
law-and-order politics, 22, 31, 43, 51, 54, 102, 111, 183, 219, 221
Law Enforcement Move (website), 215
Law Enforcement Officers’ Bill of Rights (LEOBoRs), 108, 109, 110, 122
Lawrence, William (“Dub”), 63
LeBrón, Marisol, 174
“The Left Case against Open Borders” (Nagle), 196–7
legislation, and police power, 108, 112
Le Guin, Ursula K., 11
Lemon, Don, 222
Lenin, Vladimir, 9, 127–8, 198
Lennard, Natasha, 58
Levin, Benjamin, 114
Lexow Committee, 75
LGBTQ people
and police protection, 59–60
prevention of violence against, 144
liability insurance, for police, 92, 132
library police, push to replace, 145
Liebknecht, Karl, 197–8
Lightfoot, Lori, 142
Lincoln, Abraham, 194
Lindsay, John, 102
Linebaugh, Peter, 36
Loehmann, Timothy, 215
London Metropolitan Police (England)
as model for professional policing in US, 25
targeting of Mangrove restaurant by, 179
Longan, John P., 201
López y Rivas, Gilberto, 171
Los Angeles, California
settling cases of police brutality in, 69
spending on police in, 69, 216
Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department
Kolts Commission, 77
Los Angeles Fire and Police Protective League (Fi-Po), 104
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD)
August Vollmer as chief of, 75
budget cuts in, 94
Christopher Commission, 77
as coining phrase “to protect and serve,” 62
neo-Nazi gangs within, 220
Rampart scandal, 78
as sabotaging gang truce of 1992, 140
Los Angeles Unified School District, 5
Lowndes, Joseph, 196
Lynch, Patrick, 99, 100
lynch mobs, 20
Lynwood Vikings, 220
Mac Donald, Heather, 48, 49
Maduro, Nicolás, 44
Malcolm X, 158
Mangrove Nine trial, 179
Mannaseh, Tamar, 142
mano dura, 167
Mapache, 207
Mapping Police Violence project, 49
Mara Salvatrucha gang (MS-13), 188, 190, 210
Marshall Project, 185
Martensen, Kayla, 36
Martin, Trayvon, 4, 20–1, 86
Martinez, Monica Muñoz, 40
Marx, Karl, 128, 197, 217, 225
Maryland
Maryland LEOBoR, 108
police killing of Freddie Gray in Baltimore, 4, 15, 22, 28, 84, 88, 108
Restorative Response Baltimore, 144–5
special rights for police in, 109
mass incarceration
Black leadership support of, 29
consequences of, 210, 225
as a crisis, 15
expenses of, 136
fighting against, 11
racial disparities of, 145
racist seeds of Jim Crow as having borne fruit in, 26
mass rebellion
commissions raising questions about, 76
in Ferguson, Missouri, 4
impacts of, 91, 129, 152, 156
police brutality as provoking, 3
Mateen, Omar, 67
May Day 2006, Latinx workers’ strike on, 198
McBride, Renisha, 21
McCants, Clarise, 119
McGrody, John, 98
McMichael, Gregory, 19
McMichael, Travis, 19
McNesby, John, 98, 125
McQuade, Brendan, 83, 149, 150–1
McSpadden, Lesley, 118
Mears, Tracey, 79
media
pig media, 22
police unions deploying social media campaigns against reform-minded legislators, 111
racist apparatus of, 22, 41
role of in reporting on police activity, 72
scare tactics by police associations in, 107, 213, 218
Mehserle, Johannes, 72
mental health
calls for 911 calls to be diverted to professionals in, 131
calls for defunding police to fund mental health, 148
calls for greater funding for services, 147
crisis intervention hotlines, 142
dismantling of access to care and treatment for, 52
historic entanglement of care with punishment and confinement, 147