17.Jason Stahl, Right Moves: The Conservative Think Tank in American Political Culture Since 1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016), 70–73; John B. Judis, The Paradox of American Democracy: Elites, Special Interests and the Betrayal of Public Trust (New York: Random House, 2013); James A. Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the Rise of the New Policy Elite (New York: Free Press, 1993); David M. Ricci, The Transformation of American Politics: The New Washington and the Rise of Think Tanks (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994).
18.Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson, Winner Take All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer—and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010).
19.Kiron Skinner, Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson, Reagan’s Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan’s Vision (New York: Free Press, 2004).
20.James Mann, The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan: A History of the End of the Cold War (New York: Viking, 2009), 246.
21.Adam Clymer, “G.O.P. Presidential Aspirants Tour Nation to Denounce Carter’s Foreign Policy,” New York Times, 20 February 1979.
22.Robert G. Kaiser, “After the Summit: A Wave of Bipartisan Euphoria,” Washington Post, 19 September 1978; Ray Moseley, “U.S. Embassy in Iran Under Attack,” Chicago Tribune, 14 February 1979; “Gunmen Seize U.S. Embassy,” Los Angeles Times, 14 February 1979; Adam Clymer, “G.O.P. Presidential Aspirants Tour Nation to Denounce Carter’s Foreign Policy.”
23.John Carman, “Bad News in Iran Has Meant Good News for ABC’s Ratings,” Minneapolis Star, 30 November 1979; Patterson, Restless Giant, 124–25.
24.William Endicott, “Reagan Toughens Stand on Crisis in Iran,” Los Angeles Times, 28 November 1979; “Reagan Fires Salvo at Carter’s Handling of Iran Hostage Crisis,” Atlanta Constitution, 28 March 1980; Douglas Shuit, “Carter Dillydallies on Hostage Crisis, Reagan Charges,” Los Angeles Times, 28 March 1980.
25.Pete Bowles and Jim Scovel, “Jury Convicts Four in ABSCAM Trial,” Newsday, 30 August 1980; Paul Houston, “House Expels Myers Over Abscam Probe Conviction,” Los Angeles Times, 3 October 1980; Thomas B. Edsall, “Abscam, Heavy Campaign Spending Cut Into Democrats’ Lead in House,” Baltimore Sun, 5 November 1980.
26.Linda Greenhouse, “Supreme Court Clears Abscam Videotapes for TV,” New York Times, 15 October 1980; Thomas Collins, “ABSCAM Tapes Go Public,” Newsday, 15 October 1980; Tom Shales, “The Abscam Tapes on TV,” Washington Post, 15 October 1980.
27.Beverly Moore, “Reagan Hits ‘Too Much’ Government,” Atlanta Daily World, 13 April 1979.
28.Thomas Edsall, Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights and Taxes on American Politics (New York: Norton, 1992), 129–31.
29.Robert O. Self, American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003), 316–26; Patterson, Restless Giant, 133.
30.Peter N. Caroll, It Seemed Like Nothing Happened: America in the 1970s (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990), 325; Patterson, Restless Giant, 66; Jefferson Cowie, Stayin’ Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (New York: New Press, 2010), 300.
31.Michael Barone, “What the Voters Were Saying,” Wall Street Journal, 22 November 1978; Louis Harris, “Reading Signs on Taxes,” Newsday, 17 November 1978.
32.Patrick Riordan, “The Born-Again,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 17 July 1980; “Text of Reagan’s Speech Accepting GOP Nomination,” Los Angeles Times, 18 July 1980; Kruse, One Nation Under God, 275–77.
33.Janice Castro and Elizabeth Rudolph, “ ‘Like a Suburban Swimming Pool,’ ” Time, 17 November 1980; Haynes Johnson, “A Reagan Revolution, Perhaps, but Not an Ideological Mandate,” Washington Post, 9 November 1980.
34.Johnson, “A Reagan Revolution, Perhaps.”
35.For a more detailed look at the limits of the “Reagan Revolution,” see Meg Jacobs and Julian E. Zelizer, Conservatives in Power: The Reagan Years, 1981–1989 (Boston: Bedford, 2010).
36.Michael Kelly, “David Gergen, Master of the Game,” New York Times, 31 October 1993.
37.John Ehrman, “Debating the Reagan Presidency: Domestic Politics and Issues,” in Debating the Reagan Presidency, ed. John Ehrman and Michael W. Flamm (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009), 15.
38.Kelly, “David Gergen, Master of the Game.”
39.H. W. Brands, Reagan: The Life (New York: Anchor, 2015), 260–61.
40.Sidney Blumenthal, “Defining ‘Reaganomics,’ ” Boston Globe, 2 November 1980.
41.Daniel T. Rodgers, Age of Fracture (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press, 2011), 66.
42.“Friedman Doubts Employment Goal in Nobel Lecture,” Los Angeles Times, 14 December 1976.
43.Arthur Laffer, “Taking the Side of Supply,” Los Angeles Times, 8 February 1981.
44.Phillips-Fein, Invisible Hands, 180–82; Paul Craig Roberts, “Supply-Side Economics,” Wall Street Journal, 22 January 1981.
45.Paul Krugman, “The Tax-Cut Con,” New York Times Magazine, 14 September 2003; William Greider, “The Education of David Stockman,” The Atlantic, 1 December 1981.
46.Ronald Reagan, “Address Before Joint Session of Congress on the Program for Economic Recovery,” 18 February 1981, the American Presidency Project.
47.Richard J. Cattani, “Debate on budget figures heats up—and Reagan slips a bit in polls,” Christian Science Monitor, 19 March 1981.
48.Howell Raines, “Reagan Wounded in Chest by Gunman,” New York Times, 31 March 1981.
49.Robert M. Collins, Transforming America: Politics and Culture During the Reagan Years (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 71.
50.Robert H. Michel to Colleagues, 29 May 1981, Ronald Reagan Archives, Lee Atwater Files, Box 2, File: Economic Recovery Program.
51.Thomas Edsall, “Reagan Triumphant in Tax-Cut Bill,” Washington Post, 30 July 1981; W. Elliot Brownlee, Federal Taxation in America: A Short History (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996): 115–19.
Chapter 6: FIGHTING RIGHT
1.Julian E. Zelizer, The Fierce Urgency of Now: Lyndon Johnson, Congress and the Battle for the Great Society (New York: Penguin Press, 2015), 131–62.
2.Lou Cannon, President Ronald Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime (New York: Public Affairs, 2000), 243.
3.David Rosenbaum, “First Major Cuts in Social Security Proposed in Detailed Reagan Plan,” New York Times, 13 May 1981.
4.Joseph D. Whitaker, “Social Security Increase: The Margin of Survival,” Washington Post, 1 July 1981; Wendell Rawls Jr., “Fears Over Reduced Social Security Afflict Elderly,” New York Times, 25 May 1981.
5.Douglas B. Harris, “The Rise of the Public Speakership,” Political Science Quarterly, No. 2 (Summer 1998): 193–212.
6.Chris Matthews, Tip and the Gipper: When Politics Worked (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013), 130.
7.Warren Weaver Jr., “Coalition Plans Drive Against Move To Trim Social Security Benefits,” New York Times, 14 May 1981.
8.Fred Barnes, “Reagan Puts Off Social Security Bid,” Baltimore Sun, 29 September 1981; William Safire, “Third Rail,” New York Times, 18 February 2007.
9.“Abortion Foes Meet with Reagan After March in Capital,” New York Times, 23 January 1981; Janet Cooke, “Abortion Foes Stage 8th Annual ‘March for Life,’ ” Washington Post, 23 January 1981.
10.Steven R. Weisman, “Reagan Nominating Woman, an Arizona Appeals Judge, to Serve on Supreme Court,” New York Times, 7 July 1981; George Skelton, “Reagan Tries to Assuage Critics of Court Nominee,” Los Angeles Times, 9 July 1981; William Link, Righteous Warrior: Jesse Helms and the Rise of Modern Conservatism (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2008), 230–32.
11.Elizabeth Dole to Edwin Meese and James Baker, 9 March 1982, Ronald Reagan Archives, Elizabeth Dole Files, Box 18, File: Conservatives—General 1982.
12.William Greider, “The Education of David Stockman,” The Atlantic, December 1981.
13.Paul Taylor, “Rightist Group Says Reagan H
as Strayed,” Washington Post, 20 January 1983.
14.“Think About It,” New York Times, 16 June 1983.
15.“Michigan, Youngstown Top Jobless Rolls,” Chicago Tribune, 20 October 1982; Cannon, The Role of a Lifetime.
16.“Reagan’s Son Collects ‘2 or 3’ Jobless Checks,” Los Angeles Times, 15 October 1982.
17.Stephen E. Nordlinger, “Unemployment Hits 42 Year High,” Baltimore Sun, 9 October 1982.
18.“O’Neill Charges Reagan Planned Current Recession,” Los Angeles Times, 6 November 1981.
19.Patrick Caddell, “Why the Democrats Might Win Big,” Washington Post, 17 October 1982.
20.Meg Jacobs, “The 1980 Election,” in America at the Ballot Box: Elections and Political History, ed. Gareth Davies and Julian E. Zelizer (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015), 200.
21.Howell Raines, “Poll Finds Reagan Gains on Economy,” New York Times, 17 April 1983; Jack Lesar, “Blacks Gained in ’70s, Unemployment Got Worse,” Baltimore Afro-American, 27 August 1983.
22.Ronald Reagan, “Remarks on Signing the Social Security Amendments of 1983,” 20 April 1983.
23.Dorothy Nelkin and Michael S. Brown, Workers at Risk: Voices from the Work Place (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 126; Seth S. King, “Director Rates OSHA ‘Far Better Than It Was,’ ” New York Times, 29 October 1982; Meg Jacobs and Julian E. Zelizer, Conservatives in Power: The Reagan Years, 1981–1989 (Boston: Bedford, 2010), 38–41.
24.Robert Sangeorge, “Environmentalists Across-the-Board Oppose Reagan Policies,” UPI, 20 June 1982.
25.Steven Weisman, “Watt Quits Post: President Accepts with ‘Reluctance,’ ” New York Times, 10 October 1983; For more on Watt and Reagan’s Interior Department, see James Morton Turner and Andrew C. Isenberg, The Republican Reversal: Conservatives and the Environment from Nixon to Trump (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), 62–72.
26.“Conservationists Say EPA Shake-Up Not Enough,” Galveston Daily News, 29 March 1983; Turner and Isenberg, The Republican Reversal, 101–4.
27.Juan Williams, “A Question of Fairness,” The Atlantic, February 1987; Ernest Holsendolph, “Skills, Not Bias, Seen as Key for Jobs,” New York Times, 3 July 1982; Leah Wright Rigueur, The Loneliness of the Black Republican: Pragmatic Politics and the Pursuit of Power (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), 302–4.
28.Ronald Reagan, “Statement on the Observance of Peace Through Strength Week,” The American Presidency Project, 22 September 1984.
29.Ronald Reagan, “Address to the National Association of Evangelicals,” The American Presidency Project, 8 March 1983.
30.Beth A. Fischer, The Reagan Reversal: Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997), 85.
31.Clyde Farnsworth, “They Call Him Cap the Knife,” New York Times, 3 May 1985.
32.Richard Halloran, “Weinberger Tells of New Conventional Force Strategy,” New York Times, 6 May 1981.
33.Greg Schneider and Renae Merle, “Reagan’s Defense Buildup Bridged Military Eras,” Washington Post, 9 June 2004.
34.Paul L. Montgomery, “Throngs Fill Manhattan to Protest Nuclear Weapons,” New York Times, 13 June 1982.
35.Lawrence C. Wittner, “Reagan and Nuclear Disarmament,” Boston Review, 2000.
36.Jacobs and Zelizer, Conservatives in Power, 149.
37.“Million Protest U.S. Missiles,” Chicago Tribune, 23 October 1983.
38.Glenn Collins, “The Impact on Children of ‘The Day After,’ ” New York Times, 7 November 1983.
39.John Corry, “ ‘The Day After’: TV as Rallying Force,” New York Times, 20 November 1983.
40.“U.S. Says Soviets Shot Down Airliner,” Washington Post, 2 September 1983.
41.Robert McFadden, “U.S. Says Soviet Downed Korean Airliner,” New York Times, 2 September 1983.
42.Julian E. Zelizer, The Arsenal of Democracy: The Politics of National Security from World War II to the War on Terrorism (New York: Basic Books, 2010), 323–24.
43.Robert Gates, From The Shadows: The Ultimate Insiders Story of Five Presidents and How they Won the Cold War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), 270–74.
44.Robert Gates, From The Shadows, 273.
45.Robert Dallek, Ronald Reagan: The Politics of Symbolism, 153.
46.Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security,” 22 March 1983.
47.Frances FitzGerald, Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold War (New York: Touchstone, 2000), 185–86.
48.“America’s Olympics,” Time, 17 October 1983.
49.Francis X. Clines, “Reagan Delivers a Pep Talk,” New York Times, 29 July 1984.
50.Michael Weinreb, “The American Ideal,” ESPN.com, 8 July 2009.
51.Michael Beschloss, “The Ad that Helped Reagan Sell Good Times to the Nation,” New York Times, 7 May 2016.
52.“America Is Back,” 1984, LivingRoomCandidate.com.
53.Robert Lekachman, “Atari Democrats,” New York Times, 10 October 1982; Steven M. Gillon, The Democrats’ Dilemma: Walter F. Mondale and the Liberal Legacy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1992), 333–34; “The Exchange Between Hart, Mondale,” Boston Globe, 12 March 1984.
54.Dick Simpson, Melissa Mouritsen, and Betty O’Shaughnessy, “Chicago: The Election of Rahm Emanuel,” in Local Politics and Mayoral Elections in the 21st Century America: The Keys to City Hall, ed. Sean Foreman and Marcia Godwin (New York: Routledge, 2015), 88.
55.Jamelle Bouie, “Keep Hope Alive,” Slate, 26 November 2016.
56.Jesse Jackson, “Address Before the Democratic Convention,” 18 July 1984.
57.Walter Mondale, “Acceptance Speech to the Democratic Convention,” 1984.
58.Joseph A. McCartin, Collision Course: Ronald Reagan, the Air Traffic Controllers, and the Strike That Changed America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).
59.Ronald Reagan, “Radio Address to the Nation on the Presidential Campaign,” 13 October 1984.
60.Ronald Reagan, “Address at Point du Hoc, Normandy,” 6 June 1984.
61.Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at Reelection Celebration in California,” 6 November 1984.
62.. Robert Pear, “President Signs Landmark Bill on Immigration,” New York Times, 7 November 1986.
63.Garry Wills, “The Politics of Grievance,” New York Review of Books, 19 July 1990; Christopher Lehman-Haupt, “A Vision Beyond the New Gilded Age,” New York Times, 21 June 1990; “The Rich, the Poor, and the Growing Gap Between Them,” Economist, 15 June 2006; Robert Jackson, “Income Gap Grew in 1980s, Study Says,” Los Angeles Times, 28 August 1992; Sam Roberts, “Gap Between Rich and Poor in New York City Grows Wider,” New York Times, 25 December 1994; Jacob S. Hacker, Gregory A. Huber, Philipp Rehm, Mark Schlesinger, and Rob Valletta, “Economic Security At Risk: Findings From The Economic Security Index,” The Rockefeller Foundation, 2010; Kevin Phillips, The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath (New York: HarperCollins, 1989), 8.
64.Michael Hiltzik, “Why Boesky Insider Trading Case Rocked Wall Street,” Los Angeles Times, 1 December 1986; Peter Behr, “Boesky’s Widening Net,” Washington Post, 18 December 1986; Daniel Hertzberg, “Drexel’s Michael Milken Called a Focus of Probe of Suspect Boesky Scheme,” Wall Street Journal, 5 February 1987; Helen Dudar, “Michael Douglas, as Villain, Hits It Big on ‘Wall Street,’ ” New York Times, 6 December 1987.
Chapter 7: CHANGING CHANNELS
1.Advertisment, Huntsville Rewound, online archive.
2.“F.C.C. Gets in on Cable TV,” Wired, 1 August 2011; Neil Genzlinger, “My Father the Cable Pioneer,” New York Times Magazine, 24 August 2012; Brian Lockman and Don Sarvey, Pioneers of Cable Television.
3.Neil Genzlinger, “My Father the Cable Pioneer,” New York Times, 24 August 2012.
4.Penny Pagano, “Cable TV Officials See 1987 as ‘Watershed’ Year,” Los Angeles Times, 20 January 1987.
5.Larry Brody, Turning Points in Television: Great Moments on the Small Screen (New York: Citadel Press, 2005), 149.
6.“How Cable Works,” New York Times, 5 July 1981; Bill Jauss, “The Future of Sports Television Connected to a Cable,” Chicago Tribune, 13 June 1979.
7.Susan Howard, “TV Executive Focuses on Larger Goals,” Hartford Courant, 29 April 1979; Bill Jauss, “The Future of Sports Television Connected to a Cable”; “We Pause for a Moment . . . ,” Washington Post, 9 September 1979.
8.Brian Winston, Media, Technology and Society: A History from Telegraph to Internet (London: Routledge, 1998), 313.
9.Jimmie L. Reeves and Michael M. Epstein, “The Changing Face of Television: Turner Broadcasting System,” in The Columbia History of American Television, ed. Gary Edgerton (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 333; Richard Zoglin, “The All-News Mastermind: Reese Schonfeld Is the Man Behind Cable News Network,” Atlanta Constitution, 13 August 1979.
10.Hank Whittemore, CNN the Inside Story: How a Band of Mavericks Changed the Face of Television News (Boston: Little, Brown, 1990), 111–12.
11.Whittemore, CNN, 2–36, 120–21.
12.Whittemore, CNN, 243–44; Zoglin, “The All-News Mastermind.”
13.John F. Berry, “Skepticism Greets Hype Surrounding Cable News Debut,” Washington Post, 1 June 1980.
14.Sally Bendell Smith, “An ABC Strategy Goes Wrong,” New York Times, 9 December 1984.
15.“Snooze News,” New York Magazine, 28 June 1982.
16.Aaron Barlow, The Rise of the Blogosphere (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007), 119.
17.Robert J. Donovan and Ray Scherer, Unsilent Revolution: Television News and American Public Life, 1948–1991 (New York and Washington: Cambridge University Press and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1992), 266–68.
18.Gabriel Weinmann, Communicating Unreality: Modern Media and the Reconstruction of Reality (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2000), 191.
19.Craig Marks and Rob Tannenbaum, I Want My MTV: The Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution (New York: Dutton, 2000), 1.
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