24.Al Kamen, “ 5–4 Ruling Stops Short of Overturning ‘Roe,’ ” Washington Post, 4 July 1989.
25.David G. Savage, “Souter Wins Confirmation to High Court,” Los Angeles Times, 3 October 1990; Douglas Frantz, “Thomas Seems Sure to Face Criticism on EEOC Policies,” Los Angeles Times, 3 July 1991.
26.Hartman, A War for the Soul of America, 154; Edward Lazarus, Closed Chambers: The Rise, Fall and Future of the Modern Supreme Court (New York: Penguin Books, 2005), 451; Jane Mayer, Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994), 30.
27.“Excerpts from Senate’s Hearings on the Thomas Nomination,” New York Times, 12 September 1991.
28.Sascha Cohen, “A Brief History of Sexual Harassment in America Before Anita Hill,” Time, 15 April 2016.
29.Jane Mayer, Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas (New York: Plume, 1994).
30.Brent Staples, “Lynching, as Surreal Slogan: Under Fire, the Judge Becomes the Victim,” New York Times, 17 October 1991; Melissa Healy, “Thomas Confirmed, 52 to 48,” Los Angeles Times, 16 October 1991.
31.Thomas B. Rosenstiel, “Television Leads Many Viewers to Second-Guess Jury,” Los Angeles Times, 3 May 1992.
32.Hugh Hewitt, “When Television Throws a Riot,” Los Angeles Times, 3 May 1992; Richard W. Stevenson, “Blacks Beat White Truck Driver as Cameras Record the Scene,” New York Times, 1 May 1992; Howard Rosenberg, “TV’s Own Domino Effect,” Los Angeles Times, 15 May 1992.
33.Greg Krikorian and David Ferrell, “Impact of Beating Deals a Blow to Officers’ Image,” Los Angeles Times, 9 March 1991; Seth Mydans, “Verdicts Set Off a Wave of Shock and Anger,” New York Times, 30 April 1992; R. W. Apple Jr., “Riots and Ballots,” New York Times, 2 May 1992.
34.E. J. Dionne Jr., “Buchanan Heaps Scorn on Democrats,” Washington Post, 18 August 1992.
35.Patrick J. Buchanan, “Culture War Speech: Address to the Republican National Convention, 17 August 1992,” http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/buchanan-culture-war-speech-speech-text/, accessed 6 July 2015.
36.Walter Goodman, “The Republicans Play a Discordant Tune,” New York Times, 19 August 1992.
37.Lloyd Grove, “Troublemaker: A Biography of Molly Ivins, an Unreconstructed Texas Liberal,” New York Times, 27 December 2009.
38.“Approval Rating Drops in Survey: US Election,” South China Morning Post, 10 June 1992; Andrew Rosenthal, “G.O.P. Plotting 2-Edged Effort to Bolster Bush,” New York Times, 19 July 1992.
39.Sharon LaFraniere, “Governor’s Camp Feels His Record on Crime Can Stand the Heat,” Washington Post, 5 October 1992; Thomas B. Edsall, “Clinton Stuns Rainbow Coalition,” Washington Post, 14 June 1992.
40.Howard Kurtz, “Campaign ’92: 30-Second Politics,” Washington Post, 8 October 1992; David E. Rosenbaum, “Skipping Ahead: On the Economy, Bush Tries to Keep Focus on the Future,” New York Times, 13 September 1992.
41.Elizabeth Kolbert, “For Perot, What TV Gives It Can Also Take Away,” New York Times, 9 May 1992; Cheryl Lavin, “Perot Talks: ‘Deep Voodoo’ and Other Topical Asides,” Chicago Tribune, 24 May 1992; John Dillin, “Ross Perot Takes His Schoolmaster Campaign Nationwide in Lectures,” Christian Science Monitor, 22 October 1992.
42.R. W. Apple Jr., “Clinton, Savoring Victory, Sizes Up Job Ahead,” New York Times, 5 November 1992.
Chapter 10: THE ROARING 1990s
1.Erin Hatton, “The Rise of the Permanent Temp Economy,” New York Times, 26 January 2013.
2.Lawrence Mishel and Jarod Bernstein, The State of Working America, 1994–1995 (Washington, DC: M. E. Sharpe, 1994), 236.
3.Gwen Ifill, “Clinton’s Blunt Reminder of the Mood That Elected Him,” New York Times, 24 January 1993.
4.Dan Balz, “Can Clinton Bring Discipline to Economy?” Washington Post, 17 January 1993.
5.Richard L. Berke, “Clinton Aides Wondering, ‘Where’s Our Honeymoon?’ ” New York Times, 16 January 1993.
6.Thomas E. Ricks, “Clinton Reiterates He’ll End Military’s Ban on Homosexuals; Opposition Grows,” Wall Street Journal, 26 January 1993.
7.Paul V. Horwitz, “ ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, Don’t Pursue’ ” Is White House’s Compromise Solution,” New York Times, 20 July 1993.
8.Ifill, “Clinton’s Blunt Reminder”; Simon Tisdall, “Clinton Hit by Second Withdrawal,” Guardian, 6 February 1993; Howard Kurtz, “Talk Radio’s Early Word on Zoe Baird,” Washington Post, 23 January 1993.
9.David Johnston, “U.S. Saw Waco Assault as Best Option,” New York Times, 25 April 1993.
10.“Questions Arise Over FBI Role in ‘Travelgate,’ ” Christian Science Monitor, 26 May 1993; Charles Donovan and Teresa Donovan, “Filegate: A Family Affair,” Wall Street Journal, 2 July 1996.
11.Glenn Kessler, “History Lesson: More Republicans Than Democrats Supported NAFTA,” Washington Post, 9 May 2016.
12.“Poll: Missile Attack Boosts Clinton Image,” Jerusalem Post, 30 June 1993; Richard Morin, “President Perot? How the Impossible Could Happen,” Washington Post, 30 May 1993; Time, 7 June 1993.
13.Karen Tumulty and William J. Eaton, “Clinton Budget Triumphs, 51–50,” Los Angeles Times, 7 August 1993.
14.“Federal Net Outlays as Percent of Gross Domestic Product,” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Research.
15.Maya Macguineas, “The Saving Grace of a Little Federal Debt,” Washington Post, 7 January 2001.
16.Eric Pianin and David Hilzenrath, “House Passes Clinton Budget Plan by 2 Votes,” Washington Post, 6 August 1993.
17.Garry Wills, “The Clinton Principle,” New York Times, 19 January 1997.
18.Sidney Blumenthal, The Clinton Wars (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), 115–22; Patterson, Restless Giant, 328–30.
19.Elizabeth Kolbert, “New Arena for Campaign Ads: Health Care,” New York Times, 21 October 1993.
20.Garry Wills, “The Clinton Principle,” New York Times, 19 January 1997.
21.Dan Balz and Ronald Brownstein, Storming the Gates: Protest Politics and the Republic Revival (Boston: Little, Brown, 1996), 118–19.
22.Balz and Brownstein, Storming the Gates, 120–21.
23.Julian E. Zelizer, Pirate Politics: Newt Gingrich, Speaker Jim Wright, and the Rise of a New Republican Party (New York: Penguin Press, forthcoming); Steven M. Gillon, The Pact: Bill Clinton, Newt Gingrich, and the Rivalry That Defined a Generation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 59–61; Balz and Brownstein, Storming the Gates, 123–26; John M. Barry, The Ambition and the Power: The Fall of Jim Wright: A True Story of Washington (New York: Viking, 1989).
24.Balz and Brownstein, Storming the Gates, 125.
25.Gillon, The Pact, 115; Bob Baker, “What’s the Rush?” Los Angeles Times, 20 January 1991.
26.Nicole Hemmer, Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016), 263; Jeffrey Yorke, “Limbaugh, Bush’s House Guest,” Washington Post, 9 June 1992; Gillon, The Pact, 125; Stacy D. Kramer, “The Gospel According to Rush,” Chicago Tribune, 30 November 1992; David Remnick, “Day of the Dittohead,” Washington Post, 20 February 1994.
27.Eric Morgenthaler, “A Common Touch: ‘Dittoheads’ All Over Make Rush Limbaugh Superstar of the Right,” Wall Street Journal, 28 June 1993; Milton Beckerman, Letter to the Editor, “Limbaugh’s Vitriol Is No Laughing Matter,” Wall Street Journal, 22 July 1993; Molly Ivins, “It Ain’t Funny, Rush,” Washington Post, 14 October 1993; Richard Cohen, “President Limbaugh?” Washington Post, 7 September 1993; Howard Kurtz, “Radio Daze,” Washington Post, 24 October 1994.
28.“Language: A Key Mechanism for Control,” copy reproduced online at New York Times, 27 January 2012; Gillon, The Pact, 123–25; Theda Skocpol, Boomerang: Health Care Reform and the Turn against Government (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997).
29.Katherine Q. Seelye, “Republicans Get a Pep Talk from Rush Limbaugh,” New York Times, 12 December 1994.
30.Dale Russakoff, “Ging
rich Lobs a Few More Bombs,” Washington Post, 10 November 1994.
31.“Dr. Fell’s Election,” New York Times, 10 November 1994; Lloyd Grove, “How to Triangulate an Oval Office,” Washington Post, 28 November 1995.
32.Ann Devroy, “Clinton Proposes ‘Middle-Class Bill of Rights,’ ” Washington Post, 16 December 1994.
33.“Simple Chip Could Mean Control Over TV Violence,” New York Times, 11 July 1995.
34.John F. Harris, “Clinton Backs Measures to Block Offensive TV,” The Washington Post, 11 July 1995.
35.Jerry Gray, “House Passes Bar to U.S. Sanction of Gay Marriage,” New York Times, 13 July 1996; Peter Baker, “President Quietly Signs Law Aimed at Gay Marriage,” Washington Post, 22 September 1996.
36.Alison Mitchell, “Appeal to Voters,” New York Times, 24 January 1996; John F. Harris, “Clinton Avows Support for Affirmative Action,” Washington Post, 20 July 1995; Robert Pear, “Overhauling Welfare: A Look at the Year Ahead,” New York Times, 7 August 1996.
37.Elaine Woo, “Barbara Coe Dies at 79; foe of services for those in U.S. illegally,” Los Angeles Times, 4 September 2013.
38.R. W. Apple Jr., “A Media-Wise Governor Runs a Smooth Race in California,” New York Times, 24 October 1994; Anna Quindlen, “Bigots’ Lament: ‘They Keep Coming,’ ” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1 November 2004; “Polls Show Support for California Immigration Proposal,” New York Times, 16 October 1994.
39.Southern Poverty Law Center, “The Second Wave,” 31 July 2009.
40.Todd S. Purdum, “Terror in Oklahoma,” New York Times, 6 May 1996; John F. Harris, “Clinton Rejects ‘Patriot’ Claim of Armed Groups,” Washington Post, 6 May 1995.
41.Todd S. Purdum, “Desperately in Need of Winning Streak, Clinton Finds One,” New York Times, 7 May 1995.
42.Garry Wills, “A Tale of Two Cities,” New York Review of Books, 3 October 1996; Kevin Merida, “Gingrich Pledges to Find ‘Common Ground’ with Clinton,” Washington Post, 7 November 1996.
Chapter 11: SCANDALIZED
1.Nicole Hemmer, Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016), 265–66.
2.Howard Kurtz, “Is Fox’s News Channel Cable-Ready?” Washington Post, 14 October 1996.
3.Alyssa Rosenberg, “Before Roger Ailes Created Fox News, He Made Richard Nixon the Star of His Own Show,” Washington Post, 18 May 2017; Joe McGinnis, The Selling of the President (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1969); Gabriel Sherman, The Loudest Voice in the Room: How the Brilliant, Bombastic Roger Ailes Built Fox News—and Divided a Country (New York: Random House, 2014), 34–98.
4.Lawrie Mifflin, “At the New Fox News Channel, the Buzzword is Fairness,” New York Times, 7 October 1996; “Fox to Start a Channel for Cable Viewers in October,” New York Times, 19 July 1996.
5.Kurtz, “Is Fox’s News Channel Cable-Ready?”
6.Howard Kurtz, “Campaign Fund Hearings Barely Visible on Television,” Washington Post, 15 July 1997.
7.Howard Kurtz, “The Dirt on Matt Drudge,” Washington Post, 19 May 1997; Ethan Bronner, “Reports of Sexual Scandal Have Everybody Talking,” New York Times, 23 January 1998.
8.Lisa de Moraes, “ 22.5 Million Watched Tape,” Washington Post, 23 September 1998.
9.Eric Pianin, “Clinton Impeached,” Washington Post, 20 December 1998; James N. Thurman, “The Media Prepares to Turn a Page,” Christian Science Monitor, 1 February 1999; Bill Carter, “Viewers Tune in for Clinton Vote,” New York Times, 23 December 1998. For more on the Clinton impeachment, see Peter Baker, The Breach: Inside the Impeachment Trial of William Jefferson Clinton (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000); Richard A. Posner, An Affair of State: The Investigation, Impeachment, and Trial of President Clinton (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
10.Marjorie Williams, “Clinton and Women,” Vanity Fair (May 1998): 194–97, 250–53.
11.Claudia Puig, “ ‘Shock Jock’ Howard Stern Readies His L.A. Offensive,” Los Angeles Times, 27 June 1991.
12.Kevin Goldman, “Infinity Broadcasting Scores with Hands-Off Formula,” Wall Street Journal, 16 March 1992.
13.Edmund L. Andrews, “Howard Stern Is the Object of FCC Fine,” New York Times, 28 October 1992.
14.Paul Farhi, “Bad Taste, Good Business,” Washington Post, 27 March 1994; David Hilzenrath and Cindy Skryzcki, “FCC Targets Employers of Radio ‘Shock Jock,’ ” Washington Post, 1 January 1994.
15.Elizabeth Jensen, “Violence Floods Children’s TV, New Study Says,” Wall Street Journal, 20 September 1995.
16.James T. Patterson, Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush v. Gore (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 280.
17.Patterson, Restless Giant, 284.
18.Mireya Navarro, “Life of 22 Years Ends, but Not before Many Heard Message on AIDS,” New York Times, 12 November 1994.
19.Stephanie Goldberg, “ ‘The Real World’ Turns 20,” CNN.com, 23 May 2012.
20.John Paul Brammer, “ ‘I’m Gay’: It’s Been Twenty Years Since Ellen Came Out on TV,” NBC News, 27 April 2017; Tom Shales, “Will & Grace: Something Mild,” Washington Post, 21 September 1998.
21.Caryn James, “In Pursuit of Love, Romantically or Not,” New York Times, 5 June 1998; Nancy Hass, “ ‘Sex’ Sells, in the City and Elsewhere,” New York Times, 11 July 1999; Tamara Ikenberg, “Life Imitating Art: Taking the ‘Sex and the City’ Tour in New York,” Jerusalem Post, 7 April 2000.
22.Peter Bernstein, “Technological Change and First-Class Letter Mail,” in Diffusion to the Wire: Studies in Diffusion and Regulation of Telecommunications Technology, ed. Allan Shampine (Hauppauge, NY: Nova, 2003), 94.
23.“Pornography,” in Contemporary American Politics and Society: Issues and Controversies, ed. Robert Singh (London: Sage, 2003), 137.
24.Guy Gugliotta and Juliet Eilperin, “Gingrich Steps Down in Face of Rebellion,” Washington Post, 7 November 1998; Martin Kettle, “Clinton’s Poll Rating Soars,” Guardian, 22 December 1998; Eric Schmitt, “In the End, Senate Passes No Harsh Judgment on Clinton,” New York Times, 13 February 1999.
25.“Satisfaction with the United States,” http://news.gallup.com/poll/1669/general-mood-country.aspx; “Economy,” http://news.gallup.com/poll/1609/consumer-views-economy.aspx.
26.Transcript, “ 2000 State of the Union Address,” Washington Post, 27 January 2000.
27.Illana DeBare, “Young, Rich, Now What?” San Francisco Gate, 4 June 1999.
28.Gary Rivlin, “If You Can Make It in Silicon Valley, You Can Make It . . . In Silicon Valley Again,” New York Times, 5 June 2005.
29.Rivlin, “If You Can Make It in Silicon Valley.”
30.Margaret Pugh O’Mara, Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), 71–75; Amy Harmon, “Stocks Drive a Rush to Riches in Manhattan’s Silicon Alley,” New York Times, 31 May 1999.
31.The Center for an Urban Future, Why New York Needs a Jobs Policy, December 1998.
32.Steven Greenhouse, “Janitors Struggle at the Edges of Silicon Valley’s Success,” New York Times, 18 April 2000.
33.Lawrence Mishel, “CEO-to-Worker Pay Imbalance Grows,” Economic Policy Institute, 21 June 2006.
34.Jacob Hacker, The Great Risk Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the American Dream (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
35.Michael B. Katz, The Price of Citizenship: Redefining the American Welfare State (New York: Metropolitan, 2001), 33–58.
36.Greg J. Duncan and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, “Urban Poverty, Welfare Reform, and Child Development,” in Locked in the Poorhouse: Cities, Race, and Poverty in the United States, ed. Fred R. Harris and Lynn A. Curtis (Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 2000), 15–17.
37.Julilly Kohler-Hausmann, Getting Tough: Welfare and Imprisonment in 1970s America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017), 88–106; James Forman Jr., Locking Up Our Own: Crime
and Punishment in Black America (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017), 151–84; Ann Devroy, “Crime Bill Is Signed With Flourish,” Washington Post, 14 September 1994; Anthony Lewis, “Crime and Politics,” New York Times, 16 September 1994.
38.Eric Schlosser, “The Prison-Industrial Complex,” The Atlantic, December 1998, 51–77.
39.Manning Marable, “Along the Color Line: Racism, Prisons and the Future of Black America,” Los Angeles Sentinel, 31 August and 7 September 2000.
40.Susan Pulliam and Terzah Ewing, “Fast-Forward Stocks Meet Rewind Button,” Wall Street Journal, 22 March 2000.
41.Robert McMillan, “Turns out the Dot-Com Bust’s Worst Flops Were Actually Fantastic Deals,” Wired, 8 December 2014; Ernie Smith, “All Sock Puppets Go to Heaven,” Tedium, 12 January 2017; Mike Tarsalasa, “Pets.com Killed by Sock Puppet,” Marketwatch, 8 November 2000; “Pets.com Latest High-Profile Dot-Com Disaster,” CNET, 2 January 2002; Johnny Ryan, A History of the Internet and the Digital Future (London: Reaktion Books, 2010), 129.
42.Ben Geier, “What Did We Learn from the DotCom Stock Bubble of 2000,” Time, 2015.
43.Editorial, “The Dot-Com Bubble Bursts,” New York Times, 24 December 2000.
44.Reed Abelson, “Pets.com, Sock Puppet’s Home, Will Close,” New York Times, 8 November 2000.
45.Abelson, “Pets.com, Sock Puppet’s Home, Will Close.”
46.“Satisfaction with the United States,” http://news.gallup.com/poll/1669/general-mood-country.aspx; “Presidential Approval Ratings—Bill Clinton,” http://news.gallup.com/poll/116584/presidential-approval-ratings-bill-clinton.aspx.
47.Frank Bruni, “House Republicans Stung By Bush’s Criticism,” New York Times, 2 October 1999; Richard L. Berke, “Triangulation: Politics’ New Geometry Is Old Math,” New York Times, 17 October 1999.
48.Paul Gigot, “So What Happened to Those Great Gore Issues?” Wall Street Journal, 20 October 2000; Jon Schwartz, “Gore Deserves Some Internet Credit, Some Say,” Washington Post, 21 March 1999.
49.Evgenia Peretz, “Going After Gore,” Vanity Fair, 4 September 2007.
50.“Trigger Happy Election Calls,” Christian Science Monitor, 10 November 2000.
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