election of 1986, 161
election of 1988, 180–85, 225
election of 1992, 199–202
election of 1996, 222
election of 1998, 231
election of 2000, 238–42, 333
election of 2002, 261–62
election of 2004, 271–79, 289
election of 2008, 290–91, 294–95
election of 2010, 310
election of 2012, 314–19, 321, 333
election of 2014, 324
election of 2016
debates, 345
general election, 320, 340–48
primary battles, 330–40
themes in Obama’s farewell speech, 1–5
Elizabeth II (queen of England), 34
Ellen (TV program), 229
Ellsberg, Daniel, 9
El Salvador, 124
Elzie, Johnetta, 328
emails, Hillary Clinton’s, 322, 341, 346–47
embedded reporters, 266–67
“Emergence of Yellow Power in America, The” (Uyematsu), 55
emissions trading, 191–92
Enersen, Jean, 75
England, Lynndie, 269
“enhanced interrogation,” 258
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), 191–92
environmentalism, 28–29
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 29, 121–22, 191, 244–45
environmental regulation, 29, 121–22, 191–92
Episcopal Church, 77
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 68, 122, 193, 195
equal protection clause, 63
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 69–72, 94, 117
Ervin, Sam, Jr., 9
Escape from New York (movie), 17
ESPN (Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, Inc.), 138
ethnic identity, white, 55–56
Eurythmics, 143
Europe, 124–25
evangelical Protestants, 90, 277, 338
Evans, Rowland, 140
Evers, Charles, 49
“evil empire,” 123
executive compensation, 33
executive orders, 244
executive privilege, 9
exit polls, 278
Facebook, 3–4, 341–42
Fairchild Semiconductor, 147
fairness doctrine, 151–52
faith-based initiatives, 246–48
Faludi, Susan, 227
Falwell, Jerry, 94, 95, 117, 173, 177, 229
Family Research Council, 229, 273
“family values,” 66
FCC, See Federal Communications Commission
FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 178, 179
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
ABSCAM, 100–101
Branch Davidians, 207
Comey firing, 356
Russia probe, 355–56
surveillance of gays and lesbians, 80
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
anticompetitive policies of, 136
and cell phones, 145–46
and deregulation, 136
fairness doctrine, 151, 152
Howard Stern and, 228
federal debt, 190, 201, 209–11
Federal Election Campaign Act (1971), 18
Federal Election Commission, 13
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 282–83
Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA), 273
Federal Reserve Board, 38, 237
feminism, 66–80, 91–92
Ferguson, Missouri, 326–27
Ferraro, Geraldine, 130, 241
Fey, Tina, 291
Field, Sally, 32
Filegate, 208
filibuster, 301–2, 306
financial crisis (2008)
causes and effects of, 291–94
and economic stimulus package (2009), 296–300
financial regulations, 307–8
Financial Stability Oversight Council, 308
Finch, Peter, 24
Fineman, Howard, 184
Fiorna, Carly, 337
First Amendment, 159
Flake, Jeff, 339
Fleischer, Ari, 260
Florida
gun control legislation, 355
Trayvon Martin shooting, 326
recount battle (2000), 240–42
Flynn, Michael, 339, 356
FMA (Federal Marriage Amendment), 273
Focus on the Family, 92, 273
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 178, 179
Ford, Gerald, and administration
bicentennial celebration, 34
Boston busing crisis, 61
election of 1976, 36–37
Federal Election Commission, 13
female cabinet secretaries, 77
“long national nightmare” speech, 25
New York City bankruptcy, 16
Nixon pardon, 11–12
Nixon’s resignation, 9
route to presidency, 10
Whip Inflation Now campaign, 33–34
foreclosure crisis, 291–92
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (1978), 287–88
foreign relations, 14, 114, 287
Forman, Stanley, 61
Foster, Jodie, 110
Fourteenth Amendment, 63
Fox, Fanne (Annabelle Battistella), 12
Fox Broadcasting Company, 224
Fox & Friends, 357
Fox News Channel, 223–26
and Affordable Care Act, 305
debt ceiling commentary, 312
election of 2012, 316–17
Hurricane Katrina coverage, 282
Iraq War, 268
Lewinsky scandal, 226–27
Obama farewell speech coverage, 4–5
Tea Party and, 300
“Trump TV Presidency,” 357
and war on terror, 259–60
Frame Technology, 232
Frank, Barney, 307
Frank, Reuven, 75
Franken, Al, 274, 352
Franks, Tommy, 266
Fraser, Douglas, 42, 115–16
Freedom Caucus, 324
FreedomWorks, 300
free enterprise system, 32–33
free-trade agreements, 350
Friedan, Betty, 68, 69, 92, 227
Friedman, Milton, 108
Fries, Bill, 29
Frist, Bill, 263
Frum, David, 80
fuel economy, 30
fundraising, 276
gang violence, 198
Gann, Paul, 102
Gannett Company, 141–42
Garner, Eric, 326
Garvin, Clifton, 40
Gary Convention (National Black Political Convention, 1972), 49–50
gasoline shortages, 28
Gates, Bill, 146
Gates, Daryl, 198
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 159
Gates, Robert, 126, 287, 295
“-gate” suffix, 20–21, 208
Gaye, Marvin, 155
Gay Liberation Front (GLF), 81, 82
gay marriage, 218–19
gay rights, 66, 80–87
and AIDS activism, 175–79
George W. Bush’s blocking of, 272–73
and Clinton’s approach to gays in the military, 205–6
and DOMA, 218–19
and election of 2004, 277
Jerry Falwell’s opposition to, 94
and IWY National Women’s Conference, 92
and media portrayal of gays, 229–30
Washington march (1987), 175
Geithner, Timothy, 301
gender discrimination
Craig v. Boren, 79–80
feminism as response to, 66–69
gender politics, 352
gender roles, 65–66; See also feminism
General Motors (GM), 42, 189
Geneva Conventions, 258, 285
Geneva Summit (1985), 166
Genzlinger, Robert, 137
George, Ph
yllis, 75
Gephardt, Dick, 208
Gergen, David, 105, 106, 116
German Democratic Republic (East Germany), 169
Gerson, Michael, 296
Getty Oil, 138
Gibbons, Billy, 142–43
Gibson, John, 227
Gigot, Paul, 239
Gingrich, Newt
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (1996), 221
on Benghazi report, 321
on George H. W. Bush’s popularity, 188
and George H. W. Bush’s tax increase, 190
and Clinton health care plan, 212
and Clinton’s reelection, 222
on deficits, 118
election of 1978, 104
election of 1994, 216–17
election of 2012, 315
and KAL Flight 007 disaster, 125
as leader of opposition to Clinton, 212–14
Rush Limbaugh and, 216–17
resignation as Speaker, 231
Ginsburg, Douglas, 174
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 318
Giuliani, Rudy, 233, 252, 254
glasnost, 165
Glass–Steagall Act (1933), 292
GLF (Gay Liberation Front), 81, 82
global financial crisis, See financial crisis (2008)
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis, 263
GM (General Motors), 42, 189
Godinez, Maria, 234
Goldberg, Danny, 154
Goldwater, Barry, 96, 114
Goltz, John, 149
Gonzales, Alberto, 258
Gonzales, Rodolfo “Corky,” 53
Gonzalez, Jose, 158
Goodman, Mark, 143, 144
Good Morning America (TV program), 250
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 165–70
Gore, Al, Jr.
and Clinton budgets, 210
election of 1988, 184
election of 2000, 239–42
and Kyoto Protocol, 244
PMRC hearings, 153–54
Gore, Tipper, 152, 153, 155, 158
Gorsuch, Neil, 349
Gortikov, Stan, 153
government, distrust in
in 1970s, 17
in aftermath of Watergate, 10–19
Ford’s pardoning of Nixon and, 11–12
government shutdown, 323
Gowdy, Trey, 321–22
Gowdy Committee (Select Committee on Benghazi), 321–22
graduate schools, 73
Graham, Billy, 89
Graham, Lindsey, 321, 331
Gramm, Phil, 292
Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act (1985), 132
Grant, Bob, 98
Grassley, Chuck, 303–4, 325
Grasso, Ella, 77
Gray, C. Boyden, 191–92
Gray, Freddie, 327–28
Great Society, 44, 219
Green, Mark, 19
Greenwich Village, 81
Gregg, Judd, 295
Greider, William, 117
Gretna, Louisiana, 281
Griffiths, Martha, 68
Gross, Matthew, 276
Gruber, Jonathan, 303
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base detention camp, 257–59, 285
Gulf War (1991), 185–88
guns and gun control, 325–26, 355
Hacker, Jacob, 235
hacking, 150–51
Haley, Alex, 52
Hall, Fawn, 163
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 285
Hammond, Tommy, 157
Hancock, Herbie, 144
Hannity, Sean
coverage of Obama’s farewell speech, 4
and debt ceiling, 312
and Fox News lineup, 225
and Kevin McCarthy’s Benghazi comments, 324
and Tea Party, 300
“Trump TV Presidency,” 357
Hannity and Colmes (TV program), 225
Harlan County U.S.A. (movie), 32
Harris, Eric, 327
Harris, Katharine, 241–42
Hart, Gary, 13, 128–29
Hart, Lois, 140
Hatch, Orrin, 195
Hatcher, Richard, 50
HBO (Home Box Office), 138
health care reform
Clinton plan, 211–12
election of 2012 and, 314
Obama and, 302–7
Heart of Texas, 341
Hefner, Christine, 156
Heller, Dean, 339
Helms, Jesse, 116, 117
Hemmer, Nicole, 224
Heritage Foundation, 97, 216, 303
Hersh, Seymour, 269
Hewitt, Hugh, 197
Heyward, Andrew, 267
Hezbollah, 161
Higham, John, 56
Higher Education Act Amendments (1972), 72–73
Hill, Anita, 194–96, 227
Hillsborough, Robert, 85
Hinckley, John, Jr., 110, 141
Hispanics, 54, 63
HIV/AIDS, See AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
Hoffman, Dustin, 19
Holbrook, Robert, 90
Holliday, George, 196
Hollings, Ernest, 154
Holt, Lester, 356
Home Box Office (HBO), 138
home ownership, 27
Horton, Willie, 183, 184
House Armed Services Committee, 321
House Ethics Committee, 214
House Intelligence Committee, 321, 356–57
House Judiciary Committee, 9
House of Representatives, US
ABSCAM, 101
George H. W. Bush’s tax increase, 190–91
election of 1982, 119
election of 1984, 131
election of 1986, 161
election of 1994, 216
election of 1998, 231
election of 2008, 294
election of 2014, 324
internal fractures among GOP, 311
NAFTA, 208–9
Reagan Revolution, 105
housing bubble, 291–92
Huckabee, Mike, 332
Huckabee Sanders, Sarah, 344–45
Hudson, Henry E., 155–56
Hudson, Rock, 176
Huelskamp, Tim, 325
Huerta, Dolores, 53
Hurricane Katrina, 280–83
Hussein, Saddam, 186, 187, 261, 262, 267, 270
Hyde, Henry, 90
Hyde Amendment, 90–91
Iacocca, Lee, 41–42
IBM, 146
ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement), 354
IEDs (improvised explosive devices), 285
illegal immigrants, See undocumented immigrants
immigrants/immigration
in 1970s–1980s, 55–57
George W. Bush’s reform initiative, 286–87
in mid-1990s, 235
Obama’s 2013 reform bill, 323
Reagan policies, 132–33
Trump and, 334, 339, 340, 352–54
welfare reform and, 219–20
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 354
Immigration and Nationality Act (1965), 44, 56
Immigration Reform Act (1986), 132–33
impeachment
Bill Clinton, 227, 231
Richard Nixon’s resignation in face of, 9
improvised explosive devices (IEDs), 285
Imus, Don, 240, 332
income inequality
in 1970s–1980s, 33
in 1990s, 203–4, 234–35
election of 1984, 130
Obama’s farewell speech, 2
Reaganomics and, 133
independent counsel law, 163
Independent Television News Association, 23
individual mandate, 303–4, 314
Indivisible, 349–50
INF (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty), 168
Infinity Broadcasting, 228
inflation, 27, 30, 38; See also stagflation
Infoseek, 232
Inglis, Bob, 321
Ingraham, Laura, 4–5
Inner Circle hacking group, 150, 151
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), 168
intermediate-range nuclear missiles, 124–25
International Women’s Year (IWY), 91–92
internet, 149–51; See also social media
and Howard Dean candidacy, 275–76
Al Gore’s comments on creation of, 239–40
Iraq War protests, 265
as platform for liberal views, 275–76
pornography on, 230
PRISM program, 287–88
investigative journalism, 19–22
Investigative Reporters and Editors, 21
Iowa Caucuses, 35, 181, 337
Iran, 161–65
Iran-Contra affair, 162–65, 167
Iranian hostage crisis, 99–100, 105
Iranian revolution, 39, 99
Iraq, 185–88
Iraq War (2003–2011)
beginning of, 266–68
and Howard Dean candidacy, 275
election of 2006, 285–86
election of 2008, 290
funding debates in Congress, 268
and IEDs, 285
preparations for, 260–61, 264–66
problems after initial invasion, 268–69
resolution for use of force in Iraq, 261–62
and “surge,” 287
ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), 322–23
Islam, 253
Islamic Center (Washington, D. C.), 253–54
Islamic fundamentalism, 39
Islamic militants, See Benghazi attacks; 9/11 attacks
Israel, 99
Ivins, Molly, 200
IWY (International Women’s Year), 91–92
Jackson, Jesse, 50, 128–30, 200–201, 295
Jackson, Michael, 144
Jackson, Robert, 171
Japan, 30, 189
Japanese Americans, 54–55
Jarvis, Howard, 102, 103
Jeffords, Jim, 247
Jennings, Peter, 127
Jerry Springer Show, The (TV program), 228
Jindal, Bobby, 332
job creation, 38–39
Jobs, Steve, 146–48
Johnson, Haynes, 105
Johnson, Lyndon B., and administration
affirmative action, 61
health care reform, 211
immigration policies, 44
inflation during presidency, 27
Kerner Commission, 46–47
Medicare, 302
Vietnam War, 7
Joint Direct Attack Munitions, 255
Jones, Paula, 226
Jordan, Jim, 310
journalism, See media
junk bonds, 134
Kaplan, Gregory, 114–15
Karmazin, Mel, 228
Kasich, John, 332
Keenan, Barbara, 301–2
Keillor, Garrison, 352
Keitel, Harvey, 32
Kelly, Megyn, 316, 317
Kemp, Jack, 103, 109, 220
Kemp–Roth Plan, 103–4
Kennedy, Anthony, 174–75, 193
Kennedy, Florynce, 194, 195
Kennedy, Jayne, 75
Kennedy, John F., 61
Kennedy, Ted
on 1982 unemployment figures, 119
and 2009 economic stimulus package, 299
and Bork nomination hearings, 173
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