Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 45, 48
subprime mortgages, 291
suburbs, political conflicts with cities, 58–60
“Sugar Walls” (song), 155
Sullivan, Margaret, 342
Summerall, Pat, 148
Summer Olympics (Los Angeles, 1984), 127, 131, 198
Sunbelt, 17, 27
Sunni Arabs, 322
Super Bowl (1984), 148
Super Bowl (2001), 238
Superdome (New Orleans), 281–83
Super Tuesday, 337–38
supply-side economics, 107–9
George W. Bush and, 245
and income inequality, 133
and recession (1990–1991), 189–90
Supreme Court; See also specific court cases
ABSCAM ruling, 101
Affordable Care Act ruling, 315
fairness doctrine ruling, 151
and Florida recount (2000), 242
hearings for Scalia’s successor, 338
and immigration laws, 56
limits on civil rights, 58
Reagan appointments, 160, 170–75
“surge,” 287
Surnow, Joel, 259
surveillance, domestic, 287–88, 322
Suskind, Ron, 264
Sutherland, Kiefer, 259
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 58
Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, 277
Syeed, Sayyid, 254
Taliban, 254, 255
Talking Points Memo (TPM) blog, 276
talk radio, 214–17, 286–87
tariffs, 350–51
TARP (Troubled Assets Relief Program), 293–94, 297
tax cuts
George W. Bush and, 245
Reagan and, 102, 106–7, 109–12, 114
Trump and, 351
Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (1982), 118
tax hikes
and Clinton budgets, 209–10
and election of 1992, 200
Reagan and, 118
Taxi Driver (movie), 15–16, 110
tax increases, 190–91
Tax Reform Act (1986), 132
tax revolt, 102–4
TBN (Trinity Broadcasting Network), 93
Teachout, Zephyr, 276
Tea Party
and Affordable Care Act, 305
in Congress, 310–11
election of 2010, 309–10
election of 2012, 314
election of 2014, 324
as model for Indivisible, 350
origins of, 300
and primary challenges, 323
technology, 328–30
telecommunications, 135–59
cable television, 136–44
internet, 149–51
new technologies in 1980s, 144–52
personal computers, 146–49
political backlash to innovations, 152–59
PRISM program, 287–88
televangelism, 93
television; See also specific programs
cultural nationalism on, 52
gay portrayals in 1970s, 83
Iran-Contra investigation, 163–64
liberal programming on, 274–75, 283–84
portrayals of working class in 1970s, 32
“Trump effect,” 335–37
VCRs and, 144–45
women as sitcom stars, 76
television advertising, 35–36
television news
attempts to create alternatives to “Big Three,” 23–25
effective monopoly of “Big Three,” 22–23
oil embargo coverage (1979), 39
women reporters and anchors, 75
tennis, 73–75
terrorism
9/11 attacks, 249–54
Oklahoma City bombing, 220–21
and War on Terror, 254–60
textile industry, 30–31
think tanks, 97
Thomas, Clarence, 122, 193–96, 227
Thompson, Tommy, 272
Thornburgh, Richard, 39
Three Mile Island nuclear accident, 39
Three’s Company (TV program), 93
Thriller (Michael Jackson), 144
Thurmond, Strom, 69, 172
Tijerina, Reies López, 53
Time magazine
Bork hearings, 174
Chrysler bailout, 42–43
Clinton’s approval ratings in 1993, 209
economic predictions in 1981, 43
gay rights, 82
#MeToo movement, 352
on personal computers, 146
on post-Watergate journalism, 20
and red state/blue state division, 241
Times Square, New York City, 233
Title IX, 72–73
Title VII, 195
Today Show (TV program), 250
Too Short (rapper), 157
Top Gun (movie), 267
torture, 258
Total Woman, The (Morgan), 71
Totenberg, Nina, 195
Tower, John, 162–63
Tower Commission, 162–63
Towey, Jim, 247
TPM (Talking Points Memo) blog, 276
TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership), 350
Traditional Values Coalition, 273
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), 350
Travelgate, 208
Treasury Department, US, 301
Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN), 93
Trippi, Joe, 275–76
Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP), 293–94, 297
TrueMajority.org, 265
Truman, Harry, 211, 212, 302
Trump, Donald
Access Hollywood tapes, 345–46
actions as departure from norms of American politics and government, 351–52
election of 2016 (general election), 1–2, 320, 341–48
election of 2016 (primaries), 332–40
first acts after assuming office, 349–51
first years of presidency, 349–58
remarks upon winning 2016 election, 347
Republican National Convention (2016), 338–40
“Trump effect,” 335–37, 340
Trump Tower, 334, 338
“truthiness,” 283
Tsongas, Paul, 189
Turazi, Mike, 317
Ture, Norman, 107, 118
Turnage, William, 122
Turner, Robert “Ted,” 139–41, 224
24 (TV program), 259
Twisted Sister (band), 154
Twitter
and 2016 general election, 344–45
as news source, 3–4
Trump and, 333, 351, 353, 356, 357
Jack Welch and, 316
2 Live Crew, 157–59
UAW (United Auto Workers), 30, 42
Ueberroth, Peter, 127
Unborn Victims of Violence Act (UVVA) (2003), 272
underemployment, 235
undocumented immigrants
in 1970s, 57
as nannies, 207
and prison privatization, 236
Reagan policies, 132–33
Trump policies, 353–54
and welfare reform, 219–20
unemployment
in 1950s–1960s, 27
in 1970s, 30, 31
and 1982 recession, 118
and 1990–1991 recession, 189
in 2000, 232
among New York’s African-American and Latino communities, 16
and election of 2012, 316
in late years of Clinton administration, 238–39
and stagflation, 30
Uniform Code of Military Justice, 285
unions, 130
United Auto Workers (UAW), 30, 42
United Church of Christ, 82
United Flight 93, 249–50
United Methodist Church, 82
United Nations, 91
United Nations Security Council, 186, 264–65
; United Organization of Taxpayers (UOT), 102
United States v. Richard Nixon, 8–9
“Unite the Right” rally (Charlottesville, 2017), 354
Universal Studios, 23
University of California, Davis, 63
UnSkewedPolls.com, 316
UOT (United Organization of Taxpayers), 102
upward mobility, 27
Urban League, 49
U.S. News and World Report, 57
USA PATRIOT Act, 256–57
USA Today, 141–42
US Open, 74
UVVA (Unborn Victims of Violence Act), 272
Uyematsu, Amy, 55
“values voters,” 278
V-Chips, 218
Vessey, John, Jr., 150
VHS tapes, 145
videocassette recorder (VCR), 144–45
“Video Killed the Radio Star” (song), 142
Vietnam Syndrome, 187
Vietnam War
and “Cold War consensus,” 7
fall of Saigon, 14–15
and inflation, 27
as issue in election of 2004, 277
and Operation Desert Storm, 187
Viguerie, Richard, 96
violence, 335, 355
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Authorization Act (1994), 235–36
Virginia Slims Championship, 74
Virtual Valerie (computer game), 230
Voinovich, George, 298
Volcker, Paul, 38, 118, 119, 301
Volcker Rule, 307
Volkswagen Golf, 30
voter ID laws, 317–19
voter participation, in election of 1988, 185
voter rolls, purging of, 241–42
voter suppression, 317–19
Voting Rights Act (1965), 44, 46, 51, 318
Wackenhut Corporation, 236
Waco, Texas, 207–8
Wainwright, Julie, 237
Walker, David, 140
Walker, Scott, 332
wall, US–Mexico border, 334, 353
Wallace, George, 69, 96
Wall Street
Hillary Clinton’s ties to, 330
financial crisis (2008), 292–94
market crash (1987), 134
Occupy movement, 308–9
Wall Street (movie), 134
Wall Street Journal
on Buckley v. Valeo, 18
on Carter-era regulations, 41
on dot-com boom/bust, 237
on gender-neutral job ads, 68
on Reagan’s Supreme Court plans, 171
and supply-side economics, 109
Walsh, Lawrence, 163
Walson, John, Jr., 137
Walters, Barbara, 25, 75–76
Wanniski, Jude, 109
War by Other Means (Yoo), 259
WarGames (movie), 150–51
Warner Amex Satellite Entertainment Company, 142
Warner Communications, 142
warning labels, 153–54
War on Terror, 254–60; See also Afghanistan War (2001– ); Guantanamo Bay Naval Base detention camp
and DHS, 262–63
PRISM program, 287–88
Warren, Earl, 170, 171
Warren, Elizabeth, 308
Warren court, 172
Warriors, The (movie), 17
Washington, Harold, 129
Washington Post
on Burger court, 170–71
on Clinton’s approval ratings in 1993, 209
on Nixon’s resignation, 10
on Operation Desert Storm, 186
on overabundance of investigative journalism, 22
Watergate coverage, 8
waterboarding, 258
Watergate, 7–10
and election of 1976, 35, 36
and Ford’s pardoning of Nixon, 11–12
reforms enacted in wake of, 12–13
“Watergate Babies,” 13, 128
Waters, Maxine, 256
Watt, James, 121
Watts riots (Los Angeles), 46
Waxman, Henry, 13
Way the World Works, The (Wanniski), 109
wealth inequality, See income inequality
weapons of mass destruction, 262, 264–65, 268
web browsers, 230
Weber, Vin, 217
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 193
Weddington, Sarah, 79
Weinberger, Caspar, 123, 166
Weinstein, Harvey, 352
Welch, Jack, 316
welfare reform, 219–20
Wemple, Erik, 336
Wenner, Jann, 23
West, Cornel, 309
Western Union, 136
Westinghouse, 141
Weyrich, Paul, 96–97, 168, 182
Whatever Happened to the Human Race? (movie), 90
Where Do We Go from Here? (King), 61
Whip Inflation Now (WIN) campaign, 33–34
White, Dan, 85, 86
White, Kevin, 61
White, Ryan, 176
white ethnic groups, 55–56
white flight, 51
White House Correspondents’ Dinner (2006), 284
White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives (WHOFBCI), 247
White House Office of Science and Technology, 136
White House tapes, 8–9
white nationalism, 354–55
white supremacists, 329
Whitewater investigation, 226
WHOFBCI (White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives), 247
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (TV program), 231–32
Wicker, Tom, 119, 157
WikiLeaks, 341, 346
Wildmon, Donald, 93
Wilkins, Jeffrey, 149
Willett, Don, 246–47
Will & Grace (TV program), 229–30
Wills, Garry, 133, 222
Wilson, Joe, 305–6
Wilson, Pete, 220, 286
WIN (Whip Inflation Now) campaign, 33–34
Wirthlin, Richard, 105–6
Wolfe, Tom, 21
Women’s March on Washington (January 21, 2017), 352
Women’s Tennis Association, 74
Wood, Kimba, 207
Wooden, John, 74
Woodward, Bob, 19, 20
working mothers, 67
workplace discrimination, 66–69
World Trade Center attacks (2001), See 9/11 attacks
World Trade Center bombing (1993), 251
World War II, 80
World Wide Web, 230
Wozniak, Stephen, 147
Wright, Jim, 164, 213–14
WTBS-TV (Atlanta), 139
WTCG-TV (Atlanta), 139
X, Malcolm, 52
Y2K bug, 237
Yates, Buddy, 291–92
Yeltsin, Boris, 170
Yom Kippur War, 28
Yoo, John, 258, 259
Young Guns: A New Generation of Conservative Leaders (Cantor, McCarthy, and Ryan), 311
“Young Guns,” 311, 312
Yzaguirre, Raul, 54
Zamora, Pedro, 229
Zappa, Frank, 154
“zero-zero option,” 167
Zimmerman, George, 326, 329
ZZ Top, 142, 143
FURTHER PRAISE FOR FAULT LINES
“For Kevin M. Kruse and Julian E. Zelizer, Donald Trump is not some singular figure. He is ‘the result of trends decades in the making.’ Sober, clearly written, and profoundly insightful. This is a must-read for anyone who wants to understand the forces of the last half century that have brought the country to the brink of disaster.”
—Eddie S. Glaude Jr., James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor at Princeton University and author of Democracy in Black: How Race Still Enslaves the American Soul
“With commanding knowledge and an eye for the telling detail, Kruse and Zelizer address the pressing historical question of how we arrived in today’s polarized America. The answer, they show, is not simple, but they explain its
various dimensions in a cogent and fair-minded fashion. A splendid book.”
—Fredrik Logevall, professor of history and international affairs at Harvard University and author of Embers of War: The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America’s Vietnam
“Fault Lines is Kruse and Zelizer at their very best, deftly guiding us through four decades of polarized politics, economic disruption, and cultural transformation in a lively and moving historical narrative. An indispensable resource for understanding America’s recent past, contextualizing its fractious present, and healing its divisions in the future.”
—Margaret O’Mara, professor of history at University of Washington and author of Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century
“In this sweeping, readable account of America’s recent past, Kruse and Zelizer powerfully connect politicized evangelicalism and the seemingly endless culture wars, the rise of deregulation and free-market economics to deepening inequality, and the corrosive effects of the 24-7 news cycle and the internet to partisan, religious, racial, and sexual divisions to show how we have become a bitterly polarized nation. This is an indispensable history of our time.”
—Thomas J. Sugrue, professor of social and cultural analysis and history at New York University and author of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North
“Fault Lines provides a crisply written and insightful history of the political twists and turns of recent American history. Kruse and Zelizer chart the profound transformations in media, culture, and the economy, providing readers with a critical framework for thinking about the present dilemmas the country faces.”
—Kim Phillips-Fein, associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University and author of Fear City: New York’s Fiscal Crisis and the Rise of Austerity Politics
BOOKS BY KEVIN M. KRUSE
ONE NATION UNDER GOD:
HOW CORPORATE AMERICA INVENTED CHRISTIAN AMERICA
WHITE FLIGHT:
ATLANTA AND THE MAKING OF MODERN CONSERVATISM
BOOKS BY JULIAN E. ZELIZER
THE FIERCE URGENCY OF NOW:
LYNDON JOHNSON, CONGRESS, AND THE
BATTLE FOR THE GREAT SOCIETY
ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY:
THE POLITICS OF NATIONAL SECURITY FROM
WORLD WAR II TO THE WAR ON TERRORISM
Copyright © 2019 by Kevin M. Kruse and Julian E. Zelizer
All rights reserved
First Edition
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Fault Lines Page 58