Blank Spots on the Map

by Trevor Paglen

  I want to thank my agent, Ted Weinstein, for helping to conceive, guide, shape, and realize this project from the very beginning, and Stephen Morrow, my editor at Dutton, who was simply outstanding.

  INDEX

  Abdullah, Abdullah

  Abraxas Corporation

  Abu Ghraib

  Acheson, Dean

  Addington, David

  aerial images

  Afghanistan

  described

  Idema in

  invasion of

  Mustafa Hotel in Kabul

  relational geography of

  Salt Pit prison

  and war on terror

  AFP-731 (Air Force Project 731)

  Aguacate, Honduras

  Air America

  Air Force, Department of

  budget for

  and Central American wars

  and CIA

  establishment of

  and Groom Lake

  and Janet

  and Kasza v. Browner

  and Project Banshee

  and satellites

  and Special Projects Flight Test Squadron

  at Tonopah Test Range

  and United States v. Reynolds

  Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC)

  Air Force’s Electronic Warfare Directorate

  Airamco

  Airborne Reconnaissance Support Program

  Al Rawi, Bisher

  Al-Qaeda

  Alvarez, Gustavo

  Anabasis

  Andrews Air Force Base

  AQUATONE

  Arar v. Ashcroft

  Area See also Groom Lake

  Argentina

  Army, Department of

  Ashcroft, John

  assassinations

  astronauts

  AT&T

  atomic bomb. See also nuclear research

  Atomic Energy Act

  Atomic Energy Commission

  Aviation Specialties

  Aviation Week & Space Technology

  Baer, Robert

  Baghdad International Airport

  Bagram, Afghanistan . See also Salt Pit prison

  Bahir, Gairat

  Bakhtiari, Abdel Basit

  Baldridge, Holmes

  Banshee program

  Barker, Bernard

  Battalion

  Bear River Massacre

  Belknap, Horace

  Benjamin, Doug

  Bergen, Peter

  Beswick, Keith

  Bethe, Hans

  Biddle, Charles

  BIG PINE II

  Big Sky Ranch (Cooke Tracking Station)

  bin al-Shibh, Ramzi

  Bin Attash, Hassan

  Bin Laden, Osama

  Binns, Jack

  Binyam Mohammed al Habashi

  bipartisanship

  Bird of Prey aircraft

  Birk, Frank T.

  Bissell, Richard

  Black Chamber

  Blackwater

  Bobs

  Boeing

  Bird of Prey aircraft

  and Plant

  and satellites

  and United Launch Alliance

  Bohr, Niels

  Boland Amendment

  Booz Allen

  Bork, Robert

  “the Box”

  Boykin, William G.

  Bremer, Paul

  Breyer, Stephen

  Brown, Clarence J.

  Brown, Wilson

  Bryan, Joe

  budget for the black world

  for Air Force

  bipartisan nature of

  for Department of Defense

  effect of

  formalization of

  for intelligence operations

  for the Manhattan Project

  for MISTY program

  for the National Reconnaissance Office

  and private contractors

  for satellites

  scale of

  for Special Operations Division of the Army

  and U.S. Congress

  and U.S. Constitution

  bureaucracy, secrecy in

  Bush, George Herbert Walker

  Bush administration (G. W. Bush)

  and the black budget

  and domestic spying

  and executive powers

  and Geneva Conventions

  and McCain Amendment

  and Military Commissions Act

  and Negroponte appointment

  and war on terror

  Business Security International (BSI)

  Bybee, Jay

  BYEMAN

  Camp Bondsteel

  Camp Nama

  Cape Canaveral

  Caraballo, Edward

  Carter administration

  Casey, Bill

  Casper, John A.

  Castro, Fidel

  Center for Intelligence Research

  and Analysis

  Center for Land Use Interpretation

  Central AmericaSee also specific

  countries, including Nicaragua

  Central American Free Trade Agreement

  Central Intelligence Agency Act

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

  and Air Force

  and Anabasis project

  and Army

  authority for covert action

  and the black budget

  and Central American wars

  and Church Committee

  and Colby

  covert infrastructure of

  and Discoverer program

  and drug experiments

  establishment of

  extralegal status of

  and “Family Jewels”

  and Groom Lake

  and Guantánamo Bay

  headquarters of

  and Iran

  legal immunity of

  and photo interpreters

  prisons of

  rendition program of

  and satellites

  and Schlesinger

  and Southeast Asia

  and Tepper Aviation

  and torture

  and war on terror

  and Watergate

  Chamorro, Edgar

  CHAOS

  Charly

  Cheney, Dick

  on executive power

  in Ford administration

  and Kellogg Brown and Root

  and war on terror

  China

  China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station

  Church Committee

  Churchill, Winston

  clandestine operations

  Clarridge, Duane “Dewey,”

  classified world

  Clinton administration

  Colby, William

  Cold War

  Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras (COFADEH)

  Connor, Patrick E.

  conspiracy theories

  CONSTANT PEG

  contractors, private

  contras

  Cooke Tracking Station (“Big Sky Ranch”)

  Corn, David

  Cornell, Don

  CORONA program

  Corporate Air Service Inc.

  COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) number

  Costa Rica

  Counter Group

  counterinsurgency operations

  Counterterrorist Joint Task Force

  covert operations

  Cox, Archibald

  Creech Air Force Base

  Crossfield, Scott

  cryptology

  Cuba

  Curtin, Thomas

  Dann, Carrie

  Dark Prison

  “data masked” phrase

  Dean, John

  deception

  DeConcini, Dennis

  Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

  defense contractors

  Defense Intelligence Agency

  Delano, Alonzo

  Delta Force

  democracy

  and am
ateur satellite tracking

  and science

  and secrecy

  and transparency

  Democratic National Committee

  Dempsey, Joan

  Denbeaux, Mark

  Dennis, Eugene

  D’Escoto, Miguel

  Desert Rock Airstrip (DRA)

  Detachment 3, Air Force Flight Test Center

  Deutch, John M.

  disappearances

  Discoverer program

  domestic spying

  Donovan, William

  Dostum, Abdul Rashid

  Dow Chemical

  Drinker Biddle and Reath law firm

  Dulles, Allen

  Duncan, Dale E.

  Durenberger, David

  DynCorp

  Dyson, Freeman

  Dyson, Ken

  Easter, Russ

  Eberst, Russell

  economy of the black worldSee also budget for the black world

  Edgerton, Germeshausen, and Grier (EG&G)

  Edgerton, Harold “Doc”

  Edmonds, Sibel

  Edwards Air Force Base

  Edwards North Base

  Egypt

  8X program

  Einstein, Albert

  Eisenhower, Dwight

  El Salvador

  El-Banna, Jamil

  Electronic Frontier Foundation

  Ellender, Allen

  Ellsberg, Daniel

  El-Masri, Khaled

  El-Masri v. Tenet

  Emerson, Steven

  Enders, Rudy

  Enterprise

  executive branch of government

  Cheney on

  and covert operations

  effect of the black world on

  and Iran-Contra Affair

  and McCain Amendment

  and Military Commissions Act

  and state secrecy

  and Truman administration

  and United States v. Reynolds

  and war on terror

  and Watergate

  extralegal status of black agencies

  Faizi, Wais

  Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

  Federation of American Scientists

  Felock, Joe

  Fermi, Enrico

  Feynman, Richard

  Field Operations Group (FOG)

  Finletter, Thomas

  Fiorini, Frank

  Fishel, Julie

  Fisher, Louis

  Flight Test Historical Foundation

  F-117A Nighthawk stealth fighter

  Ford administration

  Foreign Intelligence Surveillance

  Forrestal, James

  Fort Irwin National Training Center

  412th Flight Test Wing

  413th Flight Test Squadron

  4450th Tactical Group

  4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron (Red Eagles)

  Frankfurter, Felix

  Franks, Tommy

  free speech

  Freedom of Information Act

  Friedman, William Fredrick

  Frost, Robert

  Fulbright, William

  Future Imagery Architecture (FIA)

  Galileo

  Galison, Peter

  Gannon, John

  García, Dionisio Díaz

  Gates, Robert

  Gathering of the Eagles

  Gay, Milus

  Geiger, Vincent

  Geneva Conventions

  Gibson, Mary

  Goddard Space Flight Center

  Godoy, David

  Goldwater, Barry

  Gonzales, Alberto

  Google Earth

  Gore, Al

  Goss, Porter

  Graham, Mary Margaret

  Gray, Charles Glass

  Greeley, Horace

  Groom Lake

  and the Gathering of the Eagles

  history of

  and Janet flights

  and Kasza v. Browner

  map depicting

  views of

  See also Area

  Ground Observer Corps

  Groves, Leslie

  Guantánamo Bay

  and democracy

  Denbeaux’s report on

  establishment of

  and McCain Amendment

  and rights of prisoners

  torture sanctioned at

  Guevara, Ernesto “Che”

  Gulf War

  Hagerty, James

  Haldeman, H. R.

  Hall, Keith

  Halliburton

  Hamdan case

  Hangar 18 at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

  Harvey, Miles

  Hasenfus, Eugene

  Haug, Rudy

  HAVE BLUE aircraft

  Hayden, Michael

  Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin

  Helms, Richard

  Hepting v. AT&T

  Hersh, Seymour

  Hiera, Abdulsalam

  Hill Air Force Base

  Hillenkoetter, Roscoe

  Hillhouse, R. J.

  Hiroshima, Japan

  Hiss, Alger

  Hitler, Adolf

  Holloman Air Force Base

  Holloway, James

  Hollywood blacklist

  Honduras

  Hoover, Herbert

  Hughes-Ryan Act

  Human Rights Watch

  Hunt, E. Howard

  Hussein, Saddam

  Idema, Jack

  imaging satellites

  Inman, Bobby

  Inouye, Daniel

  Intelligence Authorization Act

  Intelligence Support Activity (ISA)

  Investair Leasing Corporation

  Iran-Contra Affair

  Iranian hostage crisis

  Iraq

  Iraq Operations Group

  ISAF (NATO-led force)

  Isikoff, Michael

  Jackson, Henry

  Janet

  Jaspers, Gregory

  Jaworski, Leon

  JMIP (Joint Military Intelligence Program)

  Johnson, Kelly

  Joint Special Operations Command

  Kabul, Afghanistan

  Karcher, Daniel

  Karzai, Hamid

  Kasza, Stella

  Kasza, Walter

  Kasza v. Browner

  Kellogg Brown and Root

  Kenden, Anthony

  Kerr, Donald M.

  KEYHOLE (KH)-class satellites

  Khan, Ismail

  Khan, Majid

  Khan, Mohammad Qasim Fahim

  Khrushchev, Nikita

  Killian, James

  King Khalid Air Base

  Kirkpatrick, William

  Kissinger, Henry

  Klein, Mark

  Koch, Ed

  Korematsu, Fred

  Kosiak, Steven

  Kosovo

  Lanni, Joseph A.

  Las Vegas, Nevada

  Lebedev, Pyotr

  Lefebvre, Henri

  literature on black sites

  Lockheed Martin

  government support of

  and Groom Lake

  HAVE BLUE aircraft

  and Plant

  Polecat

  as private contractor

  satellites

  Skunk Works

  stealth technologies

  and United Launch Alliance

  Loether, Judy Palya . See also United States v. Reynolds

  Longhofer, James E.

  Madison, James

  Magellan probe

  MAGNUM ADVANCED ORION spacecraft

  Manhattan Project

  Manly, William Lewis

  maps, blank spots in

  Marcantonio, Vito

  Maris, Albert

  Martinez, Eugenio

  Marx, Karl

  Masiello, Thomas

  Mason, George

  Masood, Ahmad Shah

  Mathison, Charles

  Maxwell, James Clerk

  McCain Amendment

  McCan
ts, Mike

  McCarren airport

  McCarthy, Joe

  McConnell, Mike

  McCord, James

  McDonnell Douglas

  McMonagle, Donald R.

  MENTOR spacecraft

  Mercury, Nevada

  MERCURY/ADVANCED VORTEX satellites

  Merlin, Peter

  Metius, Jacob

  Meza, Dina

  MI-8 (military intelligence, section 8)

  Middle East. See also specific countries

  Military Commissions Act

  military spending, classified

  MISTY

  MISTY ZIRCONIC

  Mitchell, Edgar L.

  Mitchell, Harold

  Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh

  Molczan, Ted

  Moonwatch

  Morales, David

  Morocco

  Morse, Phillip H.

  Moynihan, Daniel Patrick

  mujahideen

  Mustafa Hotel, Kabul, Afghanistan

  Nagasaki, Japan

  NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

  National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)

  National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA)

  National Intelligence Program

  National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC)

  national security

  National Security Act

  National Security Council (NSC)

  Native Americans

  Navy, Department of

  Nazis

  negligence of the government

  Negroponte, John

  Neirinck, Pierre

  Nellis Complex

  Nevada desert

  Nevada Test Site

  The New York Times

  Nicaragua

  covert war against

  and Enterprise operation

  post-war state of

  revolution in

  security-for-hire in

  9/11 Commission

  1984 (Orwell)

  Nixon, Richard

  North, Oliver

  North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)

  Northern Alliance

  Northrop

  NRO L-21

  nuclear research

  and atomic power

  Manhattan Project

  nuclear testing

  pleas for openness in

  secrecy in

  observer effect

  Office of Policy Coordination

  Olson, Theodore B.

  One Leasing

  160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (SOAR)

  ONYX imaging satellites

  Oppenheimer, Robert

  Orwell, George

  Ovason, David

  PAGEOS (Passive Geodetic Satellite)

  Palya, Robert . See also United States v. Reynolds

  Panama

  Park, Bill

  Pastora, Eden

  patents

  Pavitt, James

  Peacekeeper missiles

  Peebles, Curtis

  Pentagon

  Peterson, Mark L.

  Pforzheimer, Walter L.