Cribsheet
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9. Thal DJ et al. Continuity of language abilities: An exploratory study of late and early talking toddlers. Developmental Neuropsychol 1997;13(3):239–73.
10. Crain-Thoreson C, Dale PS. Do early talkers become early readers? Linguistic precocity, preschool language, and emergent literacy. Dev Psychol 1992;28(3):421.
CHAPTER 16: POTTY TRAINING: STICKERS VS. M&M’S
1. I exclude births after 2013 since those who are born after 2013 and already potty trained by 2017 are a selected group. This exclusion gives time for (most) people to be potty trained.
2. Blum NJ, Taubman B, Nemeth N. Why is toilet training occurring at older ages? A study of factors associated with later training. J Pediatr 2004;145(1):107–11.
3. Blum NJ et al. Why is toilet training occurring at older ages?
4. Gilson D, Butler K. A Brief History of the Disposable Diaper. Mother Jones. May/June 2008. https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2008/04/brief-history-disposable-diaper.
5. Blum NJ, Taubman B, Nemeth N. Relationship between age at initiation of toilet training and duration of training: A prospective study. Pediatrics 2003;111(4):810–14.
6. Vermandel A, Van Kampen M, Van Gorp C, Wyndaele JJ. How to toilet train healthy children? A review of the literature. Neurourol Urodyn 2008;27(3):162–66.
7. Vermandel A et al. How to toilet train healthy children?
8. Greer BD, Neidert PL, Dozier CL. A component analysis of toilet-training procedures recommended for young children. J Appl Behav Anal 2016;49(1):69–84.
9. Russell K. Among healthy children, what toilet-training strategy is most effective and prevents fewer adverse events (stool withholding and dysfunctional voiding)?: Part A: Evidence-based answer and summary. Paediatr Child Health 2008;13(3):201–2.
10. Flensborg-Madsen T, Mortensen EL. Associations of early developmental milestones with adult intelligence. Child Dev 2018;89(2):638–48.
11. Taubman B. Toilet training and toileting refusal for stool only: A prospective study. Pediatrics 1997;99(1):54–58.
12. Brooks RC, Copen RM, Cox DJ, Morris J, Borowitz S, Sutphen J. Review of the treatment literature for encopresis, functional constipation, and stool-toileting refusal. Ann Behav Med 2000;22(3): 260–67.
13. Taubman B, Blum NJ, Nemeth N. Stool toileting refusal: A prospective intervention targeting parental behavior. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157(12):1193–96.
14. Taubman B. Toilet training and toileting refusal for stool only.
15. Kliegman R, Nelson WE. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 2007.
16. Rugolotto S, Sun M, Boucke L, Calò DG, Tatò L. Toilet training started during the first year of life: A report on elimination signals, stool toileting refusal and completion age. Minerva Pediatr 2008;60(1):27–35.
CHAPTER 17: TODDLER DISCIPLINE
1. Bradley SJ, Jadaa DA, Brody J, et al. Brief psychoeducational parenting program: An evaluation and 1-year follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42(10):1171–78.
2. Porzig-Drummond R, Stevenson RJ, Stevenson C. The 1-2-3 Magic parenting program and its effect on child problem behaviors and dysfunctional parenting: A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2014;58:52–64.
3. McGilloway S, Bywater T, Ni Mhaille G, Furlong M, Leckey Y, Kelly P, et al. Proving the power of positive parenting: A randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of the Incredible Years BASIC Parent Training Programme in an Irish context (short-term outcomes). Archways Department of Psychology, NUI Maynooth. 2009.
4. Haroon M. Commentary on “Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years.” Evid Based Child Health 2013;8(2):693–94.
5. MacKenzie MJ, Nicklas E, Brooks-Gunn J, Waldfogel J. Who spanks infants and toddlers? Evidence from the fragile families and child well-being study. Child Youth Serv Rev 2011;33(8):1364–73.
6. Maguire-Jack K, Gromoske AN, Berger LM. Spanking and child development during the first 5 years of life. Child Dev 2012;83(6):1960–77.
7. Gershoff ET, Sattler KMP, Ansari A. Strengthening causal estimates for links between spanking and children’s externalizing behavior problems. Psychol Sci 2018;29(1):110–20.
8. Ferguson CJ. Spanking, corporal punishment and negative long-term outcomes: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2013;33(1):196–208. Gershoff ET, Grogan-Kaylor A. Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. J Fam Psychol 2016;30(4): 453–69.
9. Afifi TO, Ford D, Gershoff ET, et al. Spanking and adult mental health impairment: The case for the designation of spanking as an adverse childhood experience. Child Abuse Negl 2017;71:24–31.
CHAPTER 18: EDUCATION
1. For a review of this literature, see Price J, Kalil A. The effect of parental time investments on children’s cognitive achievement: Evidence from natural within-family variation. Child Dev, forthcoming.
2. Bus AG, Van IJzendoorn MH, Pelligrini AD. Joint book reading makes for success in learning to read: A meta-analysis on intergenerational transmission of literacy. Rev Educ Res 1995;65(1):1–21. Sloat EA, Letourneau NL, Joschko JR, Schryer EA, Colpitts JE. Parent-mediated reading interventions with children up to four years old: A systematic review. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 2015;38(1):39–56.
3. Mendelsohn AL, Cates CB, Weisleder A, Johnson SB, Seery AM, Canfield CF, et al. Reading aloud, play, and social-emotional development. Pediatrics 2018;e20173393.
4. Price J, Kalil A. The effect of parental time investments on children’s cognitive achievement.
5. Hutton JS, Horowitz-Kraus T, Mendelsohn AL, Dewitt T, Holland SK. Home reading environment and brain activation in preschool children listening to stories. Pediatrics 2015;136(3):466–78.
6. Whitehurst GJ, Falco FL, Lonigan CJ, Fischel JE, DeBaryshe BD, Valdez-Menchaca MC, Caulfield M. Accelerating language development through picture book reading. Dev Psych 1988;24(4):552–59.
7. Available at http://www.intellbaby.com/teach-your-baby-to-read.
8. Neuman SB, Kaefer T, Pinkham A, Strouse G. Can babies learn to read? A randomized trial of baby media. J Educ Psych 2014;106(3):815–30.
9. Wolf GM. Letter-sound reading: Teaching preschool children print-to-sound processing. Early Child Educ J 2016;44(1):11–19.
10. Pennington BF, Johnson C, Welsh MC. Unexpected reading precocity in a normal preschooler: Implications for hyperlexia. Brain Lang 1987;30(1):165–80. Fletcher-Flinn CM, Thompson GB. Learning to read with underdeveloped phonemic awareness but lexicalized phonological recoding: A case study of a 3-year-old. Cognition 2000;74(2):177–208.
11. Welsh MC, Pennington BF, Rogers S. Word recognition and comprehension skills in hyperlexic children. Brain Lang 1987;32(1):76–96.
12. Lillard AS. Preschool children’s development in classic Montessori, supplemented Montessori, and conventional programs. J Sch Psychol 2012;50(3):379–401. Miller LB, Bizzell RP. Long-term effects of four preschool programs: Sixth, seventh, and eighth grades. Child Dev 1983;54(3):727–41.
13. Suggate SP, Schaughency EA, Reese E. Children learning to read later catch up to children reading earlier. Early Child Res Q 2013;28(1):33–48. Elben J, Nicholson T. Does learning the alphabet in kindergarten give children a head start in the first year of school? A comparison of children’s reading progress in two first grade classes in state and Montessori schools in Switzerland. Aust J Learn Diffic 2017;22(2):95–108.
CHAPTER 19: INTERNAL POLITICS
1. Dunn J. You will hate your husband after your kid is born. Available at http://www.slate.com/articles/life/family/2017/05/happy_mother_s_day_you_will_hate_your_husband_after_having_a_baby.html.
2. This chapter will really only scratch the surface of the marital issues that arise. For a more complete and nuanced discussion, see (among others) http://www.brigids
chulte.com/books/overhelmed.
3. Rollins B, Feldman H. Marital satisfaction over the family life cycle. J Marriage Fam 1970;32(1):23.
4. Lawrence E, Rothman AD, Cobb RJ, Rothman MT, Bradbury TN. Marital satisfaction across the transition to parenthood. J Fam Psychol 2008;22(1):41–50. Twenge JM, Campbell WK, Foster CA. Parenthood and marital satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. J Marriage Fam 2003;65:574–83.
5. Lawrence E et al. Marital satisfaction across the transition to parenthood.
6. Available at https://www.bls.gov/news.release/atus2.t01.htm.
7. Archer E, Shook RP, Thomas DM, et al. 45-year trends in women’s use of time and household management energy expenditure. PLoS ONE 2013;8(2):e56620.
8. Schneider D. Market earnings and household work: New tests of gender performance theory. J Marriage Fam 2011;73(4):845–60.
9. Dribe M, Stanfors M. Does parenthood strengthen a traditional household division of labor? Evidence from Sweden. J Marriage Fam 2009;71:33–45.
10. Chan RW, Brooks RC, Raboy B, Patterson CJ. Division of labor among lesbian and heterosexual parents: Associations with children’s adjustment. J Fam Psychol 1998;12(3):402–19. Goldberg AE, Smith JZ, Perry-Jenkins M. The division of labor in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual new adoptive parents. J Marriage Fam 2012;74:812–28.
11. Wheatley D, Wu Z. Dual careers, time-use and satisfaction levels: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey. Indus Rel J 2014;45:443–64.
12. Available at http://www.brigidschulte.com/books/overwhelmed.
13. Schneidewind-Skibbe A, Hayes RD, Koochaki PE, Meyer J, Dennerstein L. The frequency of sexual intercourse reported by women: A review of community-based studies and factors limiting their conclusions. J Sex Med 2008;5(2):301–35. McDonald E, Woolhouse H, Brown SJ. Consultation about sexual health issues in the year after childbirth: A cohort study. Birth 2015;42(4):354–61.
14. Johnson MD, Galambos NL, Anderson JR. Skip the dishes? Not so fast! Sex and housework revisited. J Fam Psychol 2016;30(2):203–13.
15. Medina AM, Lederhos CL, Lillis TA. Sleep disruption and decline in marital satisfaction across the transition to parenthood. Fam Syst Health 2009;27(2):153–60.
16. Cordova JV, Fleming CJ, Morrill MI, et al. The Marriage Checkup: A randomized controlled trial of annual relationship health checkups. J Consult Clin Psychol 2014;82(4):592–604.
17. Cordova JV et al. The Marriage Checkup. Schulz MS, Cowan CP, Cowan PA. Promoting healthy beginnings: A randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention to preserve marital quality during the transition to parenthood. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006;74(1):20–31. Cowan CP, Cowan PA, Barry J. Couples’ groups for parents of preschoolers: Ten-year outcomes of a randomized trial. J Fam Psychol 2011;25(2):240–50.
CHAPTER 20: EXPANSIONS
1. The other common approach here is to use child gender. If a family has two children of the same gender first, they are more likely to try for a third. It is therefore possible to compare families with, say, a boy and a girl first to those with two boys, and the one with two boys is more likely to have a third kid, giving you some random variation in family size.
2. Black SE, Devereux PJ, Salvanes KG. The more the merrier? The effect of family size and birth order on children’s education. Q J Econ 2005;120(2):669–700; Black SE, Devereux PJ, Salvanes KG. Small family, smart family? Family size and the IQ scores of young men. J Hum Resourc 2010;45(1): 33–58.
3. In the second of these papers, the authors find that when the higher family size is a result of having twins, IQ scores do suffer, but not if the higher family size is a result of gender of the first children, suggesting that it is the surprise that matters, not the size.
4. Polit DF, Falbo T. Only children and personality development: A quantitative review. J Marriage Fam 1987;309–25.
5. Coo H, Brownell MD, Ruth C, Flavin M, Au W, Day AG. Interpregnancy interval and adverse perinatal outcomes: A record-linkage study using the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2017;39(6):420–33.
6. Shachar BZ, Mayo JA, Lyell DJ, et al. Interpregnancy interval after live birth or pregnancy termination and estimated risk of preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2016;123(12):2009–17. Koullali B, Kamphuis EI, Hof MH, et al. The effect of interpregnancy interval on the recurrence rate of spontaneous preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Perinatol 2017;34(2):174–82.
7. Class QA, Rickert ME, Oberg AS, et al. Within-family analysis of interpregnancy interval and adverse birth outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2017;130(6):1304–11.
8. Buckles KS, Munnich EL. Birth spacing and sibling outcomes. J Human Res 2012;47:613–42.
9. Conde-Agudelo A, Rosas-Bermudez A, Norton MH. Birth spacing and risk of autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities: A systematic review. Pediatrics 2016;137(5).
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
abdominal massages, 43
abdominal pain, after childbirth, 48
acetaminophen (Tylenol), 38, 39, 105, 143, 144
Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality, 139–44
African American boys, and vaccinations, 304n
alcohol consumption
breastfeeding and, 104–5
SIDS and, 119, 119, 126
allergies (allergic reactions). See also food allergies
breastfeeding and, 35, 67, 79, 86
early exposure, 188–91, 199–200, 203
germ exposure and, 37
low-allergen diet, and breastfeeding, 35, 103
to vaccinations, 142, 144, 147
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
circumcision guidelines, 11
sleep guidelines, 111–12, 123, 124, 131
starting solid foods, 191–92
TV (screen) time guidelines, 218
vaccination guidelines, 138–39
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 49
anemia, 203
antibiotics
colds and, 215–16
in the eye, 26–27
for mastitis, 96
antidepressants, 56, 105–6
artificial nipples, 96–98
Asana, 184
Asian-heritage infants, and jaundice, 25
attachment parenting (AP), 167, 173–75, 178, 179
autism
birth spacing and, 287
early reading and, 264
vaccines and, 136–37, 139–40, 147
“baby blues,” 52–57
Baby Einstein, 218, 219–20
“baby-friendly hospitals,” 13–14
baby-led weaning, 193–94, 203
baby monitors, 121, 126–27
baby “sighs,” 31
Baby Wordsworth, 220
back sleep position, 112, 114–17
“Back to Sleep” campaign, 112, 116–17
baths (bathing) of newborns, 7–9
“Bayesian statistics,” 225–26, 227
Becker, Gary, 283
bed sharing. See co-sleeping
bedtime routine, 176
bedtime schedules, 128–29, 133–34
beer, 101, 104–5
behavioral problems, 211
childcare and, 161–65, 166–67, 170
discipline and. See toddler discipline
best parenting advice, 290–91
bilirubin, 22, 23–24
binge drinking, 104–5
birth. See childbirth
birth control, 50–51
birth or
der, 284
birth spacing, 285–87
birth weight, 18, 115, 126, 286. See also infant weight loss
bleeding
after childbirth, 43, 44, 58
vitamin K shot and, 26
blood tests, 12
blue light therapy, 23–24, 25
body temperature, and newborn baths, 8
brain development. See cognitive development; IQ
brain injuries, 22, 31
vaccinations and, 137, 138
breastfeeding, xx–xxii, 61–62, 65–110
benefits for mother, 83–85
bottom line summaries, 87, 109–10
“claimed” benefits of, 66–68, 67, 83–85
colic and crying, 35
contraception use and, 50–51
co-sleeping and, 120–21
diet for, 35, 103–6, 196–97
early-life health and, 74–77
how-to-guide. See breastfeeding, how-to guide
infant weight loss and, 18, 20–21
IQ and, 68–69, 81–83
later health and, 79–81
parental education and income, 68–69
“rooming in,” 14, 15–16, 91
SIDS and, 77–79
skin-to-skin contact and, 8, 90–91, 109
solid food introduction and, 191–92
studies. See breastfeeding studies
breastfeeding, how-to guide, 88–110
bottom line summary, 109–10
general interventions, 90–91
hospital versus in-home education, 91
latching on, 92, 92–96
milk supply. See milk supply
nipple confusion, 96–98, 109
nipple pain, 89, 95–96, 102, 109
oversupply, 89, 99, 102
pumping, 89, 106–9
breastfeeding studies, xx–xxii, 68–69, 73–74
benefits, 74–87
bottom line summary, 87
data and research methods, xxi–xxii, 70–73
the verdict, 85–87
breast pumps, 89, 106–9
breast reductions, and milk supply, 101–2