Why People Die By Suicide
Page 35
provocation
19–21
Adolescents, suicide in, 163. See also
Age
Barber, M., 82
Adoption studies. See Genetics
Baumeister, R., theory of suicide, 40–
Affiliation, need for. See
41
Belongingness, need for
Beck, A. T., 205–206; theory of sui-
African-Americans. See Race and eth-
cide, 38–40, 106
nicity, African-Americans
Belongingness: as a protective factor,
Age, 162–165
23; thwarted, 24, 33, 38, 41, 57, 65,
Alvarez, A., 26, 50, 58, 60, 103, 186
96, 117–138, 201–202, 208; need
Ambivalence, 53–54
for, 96, 193; marital status and sui-
271
272 ● Index
Belongingness (continued)
Childhood physical or sexual abuse.
cide, 124–127; family status and
See Habituation to pain and provo-
suicide, 125–127; sports fans and,
cation, through childhood physical
129–132
or sexual abuse
Bipolar Disorder. See Mental disor-
Children: explaining suicide to, 7–8;
ders, bipolar disorder
suicide in, 110–111, 163–164. See
Bishop, C., 121
also Age
Blackwelder, J., 49
Chinese. See Race and ethnicity, Chi-
Blaming, 6
nese
Boardman, A., 62
Chronically ill populations, 110
Borderline personality disorder. See
Cleckley, H., 200–201
Mental disorders, borderline per-
Clusters of suicide, 165–170;
sonality disorder
assortative relating and, 30–31,
Botton, A., 89
166–167
Brandes, B. See Meiwes, A.
Cobain, K., 51, 75, 81, 88, 102, 185
Brown, G., 106
Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System
Bulimia nervosa. See Mental disor-
of Psychotherapy (CBASP). See
ders, bulimia nervosa
Treatments for suicidal behavior,
Bunzel, B., 128
Cognitive Behavioral Analysis Sys-
Burdensomeness, 24, 34, 38, 41, 57,
tem of Psychotherapy
65, 96, 97–104, 105–117, 134–138,
Cognitive sensitization, 40, 82–83
190–191, 201–202, 208; effective-
Cohen, D., 99
ness, 23, 100
COMT. See Catechol-O-
Burton, R., 37, 172
methyltransferase gene
Conner, K., 123–124
Case examples: Gayle, 21–24, 209–
Contagion of suicide. See Clusters of
210; Sharon, 24–25; Beatrice, 52,
suicide
81, 196–197; Ariel, 58–59, 86, 103,
Crane, H., 55–57
120
Crisis card, 211–212
Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene,
Crisis intervention, 210–214
178–179
Cults. See Mass suicide
Caucasians. See Race and ethnicity,
Cultures of honor, 99–100, 153–155
Caucasians
CBASP. See Treatments for suicidal
DBT. See Linehan, M., Dialectical Be-
behavior, Cognitive Behavioral
havior Therapy
Analysis System of Psychotherapy
Death: as viewed by suicidal individu-
Ceos, 101
als, 85–92, 132–134; desire for,
Challenger disaster. See National trag-
136
edies
DeCatanzaro, D., 105–106, 112, 113
Index ● 273
Deconstructionists, 44
5-hyroxyindoleactectic acid (5-
Depression, 22, 104–105, 164, 199–
HIAA). See Serotonin system
200; lifting before a suicide at-
tempt, 58; social skills and, 104–
Gender, 22, 29–30, 73–74, 155–158
105, 121–122
Genetics, 173–179, 188–189
Dexamethasone, 183
Geographic regions. See Prevalence of
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
suicide, by geographic region
Mental Disorders. See DSM
Golden Gate Bridge, 26–27, 31, 53, 54,
Dialectical Behavior Therapy. See
88–89, 120, 168, 170
Linehan, M., Dialectical Behavior
Grand Canyon, 90
Therapy
Gray, S., 57–58, 90
DSM, 192, 200
Guns, 151. See also Habituation to
Dublin, L. 128
pain and provocation, through
Durkheim, E., theory of suicide, 33–
guns in home
35, 102, 114, 118, 125
Dysthymia. See Mental disorders,
Habituation to pain and provocation,
dysthymia
56, 58, 59, 68–78; through sub-
stance abuse, 23, 62, 71, 74, 193–
Effectiveness. See Burdensomeness,
195; through violence and legal
effectiveness
contact, 62, 70–71, 163; through
Eisenberger, N., 118
childhood physical or sexual abuse,
Elderly, suicide in the, 162. See also
64–66, 188–191; through tattoo-
Age
ing and piercing, 69, 84; through
Ellis, A., 205
accidents, 69; through surgery,
Emotion dysregulation, 41–42, 216–
69–70; through prostitution, 71–
217
72; through being a physician, 73–
Eskimos. See Race and ethnicity, Eski-
74, 75; through guns in home, 83–
mos
84
Ethnicity. See Race and ethnicity
Heaven’s Gate incident. See Mass sui-
Euthanasia. See Physician-assisted sui-
cide
cide
Heckler, R., 87
Evolutionary perspective, 105–106,
Helplessness, learned, 99
112–115, 118
Hispanics. See Race and ethnicity,
Exposure to pain and provocation.
Hispanics
See Habituation to pain and provo-
Homicide. See Murder-suicide
cation
Hopelessness, 38–39, 74, 106
HPA, 182–184, 191
Family history. See Genetics
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Faulkner, W., 123
See HPA
274 ● Index
ICARE. See Treatments for suicidal
Marital status. See Belongingness,
behavior, ICARE
marital status and suicide
Immigration and suicide, 127
Mass suicide, 32, 144–146
Impulsivity, 66, 74–75, 184–188
Media. See Publicizing suicide
Ineffectiveness. See Burdensomeness
Medications. See Treatments for sui-
Internet and suicide, 31–32, 101, 133,
cidal behavior, medications
168, 169
Meehl, P., 58
Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT).
Meiwes, A., 90–92
See Treatments for suicidal behav-
Menninger, K., 33, 36, 49–50, 53–54,
ior, Interpersonal Psychotherapy
55, 69, 72, 73, 144, 173–174, 185,
Intervention. See Crisis intervention
186
Mental disor
ders: bipolar disorder,
James, W., 117, 134, 213
10–11, 199; borderline personality
Japanese. See Kamikaze pilots; Race
disorder, 20, 72, 189, 195–196; an-
and ethnicity, Japanese
orexia nervosa, 72, 147, 196–197;
Jonestown incident. See Mass suicide
mood disorders, 150; anxiety disor-
ders, 192–193; bulimia nervosa,
Kamikaze pilots, 143–144
197–198; dysthymia, 200; antisocial
Kant, I., 119
personality disorder, 200–201. See
Kees, W., 54–55
also Depression; Habituation to
Kennedy, J. F., assassination of. See
pain and provocation, through
National tragedies
substance abuse
Klerman, G., 203
Method of suicide, 150–152
Knapp, C., 147
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory (MMPI), 134
Latinos. See Race and ethnicity, His-
Mood disorders. See Mental disorders,
panics
mood disorders
Learned helplessness. See Helpless-
Mood regulation. See Emotion
ness, learned
dysregulation
Lethality. See Acquired ability for sui-
Multiple suicide attempters. See Ac-
cide
quired ability for suicide, multiple
Life insurance, 115–117
suicide attempters
Linehan, M.: theory of suicide, 41–42;
Murder-suicide, 149–150
Dialectical Behavior Therapy, 42
Murray, H., 36, 95, 96
Lowell, R., 50
National tragedies, 127–129
Major Depressive Disorder. See De-
Native Americans. See Race and eth-
pression
nicity, Native Americans
Marcotte, D., 43–44
Negative self-view. See Self-view
Index ● 275
Netherlands, suicide in the, 111
Race and ethnicity, 158–162; Eskimos,
Neurobiology, 179–184
100–101, 111, 126, 189; African-
Nightmares. See Sleep, disturbed
Americans, 111, 112, 124, 158–160;
Nisbett, P., 99
Native Americans, 124, 160–161,
Nonlethal self-injury, 84–85, 108, 115,
164–165; Japanese, 133; Chinese,
150
157–158; Hispanics, 160; Cauca-
No-suicide contracts, 212–213
sians, 165
Rachman, S., 52–53
Opponent process theory, 59, 84–85
Reimer, D., 70, 82, 121
O’Reilly, R., 109
Resolved plans and preparation. See
Risk assessment, resolved plans and
Pain tolerance. See Acquired ability
preparation
for suicide, pain tolerance
Reuter, C., 87
Passive suicide attempts, 147–149
Risk assessment, 24, 206–210; re-
Perceived burdensomeness. See
solved plans and preparation, 78–
Burdensomeness
80, 81, 207–208; suicidal desire and
Physician-assisted suicide, 146–147
ideation, 79–80, 208. See also Atti-
Physicians. See Habituation to pain
tudes toward suicide
and provocation, through being a
Risk factors. See Risk assessment
physician
Roach, M., 157–158
Piercing. See Habituation to pain and
provocation, through tattooing and
Schopenhauer, A., 49
piercing
Scythians, 101
Plath, S., 58, 86–87, 119–120, 133
Self-injury. See Nonlethal self-injury
Popper, K., 68–69
Self-view, 109–110
Prefrontal cortex, 180
Seneca, 119
Prevalence of suicide, 29, 152–155; by
September 11, 27–28, 140–143. See
geographic region, 153–155
also National tragedies
Prevention, 25–27, 219–222
Serotonin system, 172–173, 179–180,
Previous suicide attempts. See Ac-
186–187; transporter gene, 176–
quired ability for suicide, multiple
178
suicide attempters
Shneidman, E., 49, 53, 58, 93, 95, 96,
Prostitution. See Habituation to pain
102, 113, 120–121; theory of sui-
and provocation, through prostitu-
cide, 36–38, 41; psychache, 37–38,
tion
95, 106
Psychache. See Shneidman, E.,
Sleep, disturbed, 181–182
psychache
Social isolation. See Belongingness
Psychoanalysis, 35–36
Social skills. See Depression, social
Publicizing suicide, 170
skills and
276 ● Index
Sociobiological perspective. See Evo-
Thwarted belongingness. See
lutionary perspective
Belongingness, thwarted
Soloff, P., 67
Transporter gene. See Serotonin sys-
Sports fans and suicide. See
tem, transporter gene
Belongingness, sports fans and
Treatments for suicidal behavior: In-
Stigma, 26; lying about cause of
terpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT),
death, 6, 7
203–205; Cognitive Behavioral
Substance abuse. See Habituation to
Analysis System of Psychotherapy
pain and provocation, through
(CBASP), 205; ICARE, 214–216;
substance abuse
medications, 218–219. See also Cri-
Suicidal behavior, definitions of, 139–
sis intervention
152
Tryptophan hydroxylase gene, 178
Suicidal desire and ideation. See Risk
Twin studies. See Genetics
assessment, suicidal desire and
ideation
Violence. See Habituation to pain and
Suicidal symptoms. See Risk assess-
provocation, through violence and
ment
legal contact
Sullivan, H. S., 35, 54, 113
Voltaire, 52, 162, 230
Support groups, 45
Surgery. See Habituation to pain and
Warning signs. See Risk assessment
provocation, through surgery
World War II. See National tragedies
Tattooing. See Habituation to pain
Youth suicide. See Adolescents;
and provocation, through tattooing
Children
and piercing
Yuit Eskimos. See Race and ethnicity,
Terminally ill populations, 109
Eskimos
Document Outline
CONTENTS
Prologue: Losing My Dad
1 What We Know and Don’t Know about Suicide
2 The Capability to Enact Lethal Self-Injury Is Acquired
3 The Desire for Death
4 What Do We Mean by Suicide? How Is It Distributed in People?
5 What Roles Do Genetics, Neurobiology, and Mental Disorders Play in Suicidal Behavior?
6 Risk Assessment, Crisis Intervention, Treatment, and Prevention
7 The Future of Suicide Prevention and Research
Epilogue
Notes
Works Cited
Acknowledgments
Index
Thomas Joiner, Why People Die By Suicide