Cakrâpani, 81
cakras, 353–355; âjnâ-cakra (guru-cakra), 293, 354, 355, 357–358, 392, 396, 398, 402, 411, 416–417, 420; âkâsha-cakra, 420; alchemy and, 416; anâhata-cakra, 354, 355, 358, 402, 413, 416; nanda- Samuccaya on, 422; bhava-cakra, 160–161; described, 350–351, 353–355; dvâdasha-anta-cakra, 355; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 249, 355; elements and, 353–354, 357–358; female deities and, 299; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 402–403, 416–417; illustrated, 350, 420; installing deities in, 397; kundalinî and, 353, 355, 357–358, 416, 421; lalanâ-cakra, 354; Laya-Yoga and, 55; manipura-cakra (nâbhi-cakra), 228, 353–354, 355, 358, 402, 403, 413, 416, 421; meditation and, 249, 350; mûlâdhâra-cakra, 353, 355, 356, 358, 390, 402, 416, 420, 421, 442n. 12; nâdîs and, 352, 353; Nârâyâna Tîrtha and, 236; nervous system and, 353; nirvâna-cakra, 420; prâna and, 249, 351; sahasrâra-cakra (see brahmic fissure; crown of head; sahasrâra-cakra); senses and, 353, 354; seven celestial realms and, 124; Shiva-Samhitâ on, 424; shodasha- anta, 323; Siddhas and, 386; Siddha- Siddhânta-Paddhati on, 420, 421; siddhis and, 355; soma (amrita) and, 354; subtle body and, 350–351, 353–355; svâdhishthâna-cakra, 353, 355, 358, 402, 403, 416; talu-cakra, 420; Tantra and, 350–351, 353–355; tumo and, 180; Upanishads on, 317, 327, 330, 431n. 1; vishuddha-cakra, 354, 355, 358, 402, 414, 417; visualization and, 249, 350, 355; Yoga-Vishaya on, 423; yoni-mudrâ and, 395–396
cakshus, 416
calmness, 58, 391. See also tranquillity
camâtkâra. See delight
Campbell, Joseph, 172
Cândî, 40
Candîdâs, 291, 344
candramâ. See moon
Capra, Fritjof, 381–382
Caraka, 79, 245. See also Atharva-Veda
Caraka-Samhitâ, 79, 81
carana, 376
Câritras, 142, 149
Carpata, 387, 388
Carpata-Panjarikâ-Stotra, 388
Carpata-Shataka, 388, 422
Cârvâka, 72
caryâs, 172–173
caste system, 9, 60, 156, 208, 264, 334, 335, 343. See also brâhmana estate; kshatriya estate; vaishya estate
Caurangî, 387, 388
Cekkilâr, 276
celestial realms, seven, 124
celibacy, 120, 180, 406
cessation, 18, 33, 321, 324
cetya-nirmuktatâ, 304
Chain of Being, 135, 239–241
Ch’an Buddhism, 6, 174
Chândogya-Brâhmana, 124
Chândogya-Upanishad, 123, 125, 127, 130–131
Changadeva-Pâsashthi, 290
change, 222, 346, 374
chanting, 37, 51–52, 119, 335, 337, 405. See also singing
Chappie, Christopher, 213, 439n. 8
charity, 131, 148, 168, 176, 298, 333, 377, 431n. 32
chastity (brahmacarya): asceticism and, 67, 81; described, 10, 245; Gîtâs on, 247, 286; health and, 10, 67, 81; Integral Yoga and, 58; Jainism and, 147, 150; ojas and, 67, 245; Purânas on, 301; renunciation and, 71; Sikhism and, 335; as stage of life, 69; Vedas on, 116; as yama, 224, 225, 245, 246, 301; Yoga-Sûtra on, 67, 208, 224, 225, 245, 246
Chaudhuri, Haridas, 58
Cheda-Sûtras, 141
chela, 14
chi, 249, 351
Chinese Yoga. See Ch’an Buddhism
Chinnamastâ, 87–88, 345, 418
chod, 178
Christianity: bhakti and, 40; Buddhism and, 158; crazy wisdom and, 19–20; deities and, 83; dualism and, 4; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 4; God and, xxvi; Hinduism and, 61; Holy Spirit and, 9; Jesus and Kashmir and, 430n. 7; number of adherents, 59; om and, 130; Yoga and, xxx, 6, 94
chronology, 61–65, 445–452
Cidambara, 331
Cidghanânanda, 81, 392
Cikamanivenpa, 82
cit/citi. See Awareness; Consciousness
citrinî-nâdî, 352
citta: breath and, 397; defined, 454; Fourth and, 273; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 407; Jnâna-Yoga and, 31; Karma-Yoga and, 50; khecârî-mudrâ and, 407; phenomenal self as, 272; prâna and, 249; Sâmkhya and, 240; Self and, 241; Shiva-Sûtra on, 270, 271–272, 273; Yoga-Sûtra on, 4, 217–221, 240, 241; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304, 310. See also buddhi; consciousness; mind
citta-mâtra, 170, 171
citta-vritti-nirodha, 4
Civavakkiyar, 383, 384
clairvoyance, 227, 392
Clark, John H., 251
Classical Age, 64
Classical Yoga, 211–254; yur-Veda and, 79; Buddhism and, 161, 163, 198, 214, 215, 232; Classical Sâmkhya and, 240–241; commentaries on, 236–237; cosmogony of, 242–244; derivation of term, 215; dualism of, 4–5, 77, 198, 241, 258, 439n. 8; ego and, 240, 241, 244; eight limbs of, 208, 216, 224, 244–254, 311; existence levels of, 239–240, 244, 348, 350; existence principles of, 243, 244; Hindu philosophy and, 77; history and literature of, 213–237; Nyâya and, 78, 215; ontology of, 240, 244; philosophy and practice of, 239–254; Râmânuja and, 288–289; supreme goal of, 8; theism of, 78, 240; Vedânta and, 215; Yoga definition and, 4–5, 6. See also Patanjali; Post- Classical Yoga; Pre-Classical Yoga; Râja- Yoga; Yoga-Sûtra cleanliness, 246, 286, 298. See also purity
coincidence. See samâpatti
collectedness, 3, 33, 321
commentaries, 234–237. See also specific commentaries
Common Experience, The, 320
community. See social values; world welfare
compassion: Buddhism and, 163, 167, 170, 173; Devî-Upanishad on, 339; of gurus, 11; Jainism and, 152; of keshins, 113; Moksha-Dharma on, 198; Rig-Vidhâna on, 66; Sikhism and, 335; wisdom and, 163, 173; Yoga and, 219, 246. See also love; upâya
conceit, 202
concentration: ânava-upâya and, 266; attention and, 250; Buddhism and, 162; cakras and, 249; chastity and, 10; defined, 226, 250, 415, 455; devotion and, 282; Dharma-Shâstras on, 209; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 199, 252; elements and, 358, 396, 414, 415–416; gâyatrî-mantra and, 313; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 412, 414, 415–416, 418; on innermost center of nose, 275; Jainism and, 146, 151; Jnâna-Yoga and, 33; Kula-Arnava-Tantra on, 371, 372; Lallâ and, 269; Laya-Yoga and, 54; liberation and, 371; loci of, 318, 331, 402, 416–417, 420; Mahâbhârata on, 251; Mantra-Yoga and, 53; meditation and, 251, 252, 412; memorization and, 128; Moksha-Dharma on, 199, 205; mudrâs and, 396; nâdîs and, 350; om and, 314; perils of, 251; prânâyâma and, 151, 249, 412; Purânas on, 297, 298, 300; purity and, 246; rishis and, 105; sleep vs., 251, 252; soma and, 414; sun and, 199; Upanishads on, 206, 313, 314, 315, 318, 325, 326–328, 330, 331; Vedic priests and, 27; yajna and, 66; yantras and, 364; Yoga definition and, 6; Yoga-Sûtra on, 219, 220, 224, 226, 244, 245, 250–251; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 305. See also ecstasy (samâdhî)
conceptualization, 217, 251, 252, 266, 270, 304, 307, 308, 370, 399, 419. See also volition
conduct, 53, 141, 148, 335
Confucianism, 173
Confucius, xxx, 92
consciousness: Absolute and, 419; breath and, 397; Buddhism and, 160, 162, 166, 171; chanting and, 51–52; Consciousness and, 171; distractions of, 219; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 3; energy and, 84; everyday vs. higher, xvii; fluctuations of, 4, 199, 217–218, 219, 229, 232, 241, 251–252; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 403, 419; heart and, 228; Hindu philosophy and, 73; immortality and, 133; Jnâna-Yoga and, 50; Karma-Yoga and, 50; mantras and, 207, 358, 359; Nature and, 232;prâna and, 249, 397; Self and, 3, 241; sinking of, 251; soma and, 51–52; sound and, 51–52; structures of, xxx, 92–93, 94; transmission and, 9, 16; Upanishads on, 133, 135, 136; Yoga definition and, 3–5, 6; Yoga-Sûtra on, 4, 217–221, 226, 228, 230–233, 241; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 310. See also samskâras; subconscious; unconscious
Consciousness: Aurobindo as, 58; Buddhism and, 171; Classical Yoga and, 241; consciousness and, 171; Energy and, 84; identification with, 5; Jainism and, 145, 147; mandalas and, 176; Purânas on, 298; Sâmkhya and, 75, 76, 77; Self and, 241; Shaivism and, 266, 267, 270, 271; Shakti as, 346, 356; Shiva as, 346; siddhas and, 145; subtle body and, 352, 355; Tantra and, 316; Upanishads on, 12
7, 130, 318, 320, 321, 323, 325; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 310. See also Being-Consciousness; Being- Consciousness-Bliss; Consciousness- Bliss; Self (transcendental); Truth- Consciousness; Witness
Consciousness-Bliss, 5, 357. See also Being- Consciousness-Bliss
consideration, 33, 150, 305. See also thought
constellations, 121
constituents. See dhâtus
consumerism, 246–247
contemplation: cakras and, 249, 350; Hatha- Yoga and, 398, 416–417; Jainism and, 149; Jnâna-Yoga and, 33; Laya-Yoga and, 54; of light, 398; Râja-Yoga and, 29; rishis and, 104; of Self, 398; Upanishads on, 125, 127, 206; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 308
contentment, 224, 225, 246–247, 286, 297, 298, 324, 336, 372
conversion. See reversal principle
Conze, Edward, 163, 164
Coomaraswamy, Ananda, 343
cosmogony, 112, 115–119, 121, 128, 133, 141, 143, 176, 242–244. See also creation; evolution; existence
cosmos, 135, 228, 239–241; body and, 173, 322, 350, 360, 364, 411, 421
cough, 412
Cow (Single), 103, 110
cow-face, 71, 280, 393
cowgirls. See gopîs
cows (sacred), 52, 103, 106, 107–108, 121. See also dhenu-mudrâ; milk
crazy wisdom, xvi-xvii, 19–25, 66, 330; Tantra and, 20, 21–22, 23, 343–344, 374–375. See also Aghorîs; Pâshupatas
creation: Absolute and, 359; Aditi and, 103; body of the, 168; Devî and, 345, 346; enlightenment and, 273; gunas and, 244; of human race, 208; linga and, 84, 298; prakriti-pradhâna and, 242–243; Purânas on, 296; Shiva and, 381; Shiva-Sûtra on, 273, 274; Tantra and, 342, 345, 346; Undifferentiate and, 242–243; Vaishnavism and, 289; Vedas on, 66, 103, 104, 112, 115, 116–119; Virâj and, 115; Vrâtyas and, 120, 121; World Pillar and, 116; yantras and, 364; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 310. See also cosmogony; evolution; existence
creativity, 192, 345
Creator: Brahma as, 86, 185, 310; Classical Yoga and, 261; hiranmaya-prajâpati as, 124; hiranya-garbha as, 103, 214; “Hymn of Man” and, 103; Jainism and, 145; lordship siddhi and, 368; Mîmâmsâ and, 73; Moksha-Dharma on, 201, 203; Pâshupatas and, 260, 261; Self and, 129; Sikhism and, 334; Svayambhû as, 326; Upanishads on, 315, 326; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304, 310
Crowley, Aleister, 344
crown of head: âkâsha-cakra and, 420; described, 430n. 27; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 410, 413, 414, 417, 418; kundalinî awakening and, 356, 358, 398, 418; prânâyâma and, 410; Shiva and Shakti and, 390; Shiva-Samhitâ on, 424; subtle body circuitry and, 352, 353, 355; Upanishads on, 316, 319, 323, 326, 328, 330. See also brahmic fissure; sahasrâra-cakra currents. See nâdîs; vâyus
D
Da Free John (Adi Da), xvi-xvii, xxix, 30, 355
dahara, 323, 327
daily life, xvii
daiva. See destiny
Dâkinî, 87, 353
dakshinâ. See offerings
Dakshinamûrti, 12, 13–14, 430nn. 19, 21
Dakshinamûrti-Stotra, 12-14
Dalai Lama, 179
dalanaka. See palate
dama. See sense-restraint
dâna. See charity
dancing, 260, 272–273, 282, 289, 292, 381–382, 394
Dandin, 261
dark age. See kali-yuga
Dark Ages of India, 123
dark side, 258–259, 263
darshana, 376, 454
Darshana-Upanishad, 128, 245, 331
Dasgupta, Surendranath, 38–39, 101, 215–216
Dasha-Kumâra-Carita, 261
Dasharatha, 183, 184
Dasvan Pâdshâh Kâ Granth, 334
dâsya, 37, 432n. 16
Datta, 23
Dattâtreya, 22–23, 236–237, 300–301, 331, 431n. 37
Dattâtreya-Tantra, 368
Daughter of Fire (Tweedie), xvi
Dawa-Samdup, Kazi, 180–181
dayâ. See compassion
deafness, 360
death: Amaraugha-Prabodha on, 400; Bhagavad-Gîtâ on, 131, 133, 191; bindu and, 400; Buddhism and, 160, 166, 173, 180, 181; cakras and, 133; Clear Light and, 320; dhanam-jaya and, 351; Dhumâvatî and, 345; fear of, 409, 418; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 401, 407, 408, 409, 413, 414; Jainism and, 45, 148; karma and, 49, 50; knowledge of, 228; lambikâ-yoga and, 414; liberation and, 233, 254, 258, 288, 317, 318, 329, 460; light and, 180, 181, 320; mantras/thoughts at time of, 131; marmans and, 80; mudrâs and, 407, 418; nâda and, 400; ojas and, 81; Prakîrnas on, 141; prâna and, 173, 397, 409; Self and, 119, 137, 243; semen retention and, 407; Sikhism and, 335; Tantra and, 180, 181; uddîyanâ-bandha and, 408; Upanishads on, 257; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 306. See also immortality
deities, 83–88; assimilating life force of, 358; bhûta-shuddhi and, 357–358; body of, 144; Buddhism and, 83, 175; chosen deity, 4, 37, 178, 225, 358, 366; described, 83–88; dualism and, 4; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 253; genealogies of, 296; installing in cakras, 397; Jainism and, 83, 144, 148; maithunâ and, 366; mantras and, 52, 358, 371; mudrâs and, 359, 360–361, 395; offerings to, 148, 406; Purânas on, 299; Sanskrit alphabet and, 358; Sikhism and, 334; Single Cow and, 103, 110; study and, 225; Tantra and, 342, 343, 358, 366, 371, 372, 376, 377; thirty-three, 83, 116; Upanishads on, 315; Vedic worship of, 100–101, 103, 113, 118–119; wrathful, 173; yantras and, 364; yogic body and, 383. See also Brahma; Goddesses; Shakti; Shiva; Vishnu; specific deities
delight, 201, 202, 266, 366, 377. See also bliss
Deliverer, 322–323
delusion: Bagalâmukhî and, 345; Buddhism and, 170; ego and, 274; Gîtâs on, 191, 285; gurtas and, 202; Jainism and, 144, 146, 147, 153; Moksha-Dharma on, 202; Shiva-Sûtra on, 272, 274; siddhis and, 272; Sikhism and, 334; Upanishads and, 159; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 307–308, 310
dependent origination, 160–161, 170
depression, 219
deshas, 318, 417. See also âdhâras; sthânas
Desikachar, T. K. V., 288
desire: Bhakti-Yoga and, 38; Buddhism and, 157, 159, 160, 177, 436n. 6; dispassion and, 218; extroversion and, 275; Gîtâs on, 191, 283, 285; gopîs and, 281; Jainism and, 153; Jnâna-Yoga and, 32; kâma-rûpa and, 402; mind and, 202; Moksha- Dharma on, 202; Purânas on, 297, 301; purity and, 246; renunciation and, 70; sexuality and, 32; Shaivism and, 268; siddhis and, 367; Tantra and, 177, 372, 373, 374; Upanishads on, 321, 324, 382; Vedas on, 112; will and, 159; Yoga-Sûtra on, 218; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304, 305, 307, 308. See also liberation (enlightenment), impulse toward
destiny, 67, 143, 144, 242, 268, 285, 304, 349
destruction, 87, 185, 344, 345, 381, 431n. 32
Deussen, Paul, 188, 438n. 26
deva-datta, 351, 404
devas, 83, 133, 454. See also deities
devî: defined, 344. See also feminine principle; shakti
Devî, 11, 299, 345–346, 369, 441n. 6. See also Bhairavî; Shakti
Devî-Bhâgavata-Purâna, 88, 287, 296, 299, 433n. 23
Devî-Mahâtmya, 433n. 23
Devî-Upanishad, 339
devotion (bhakti): asceticism vs., 377; “automatic,” 384; benefits of, 248; Bhakti-Yoga and, 36–47; bhâva and, 289–290; bliss and, 282; bodily passion and, 288; Buddhism and, 169; Christianity and, 40; concentration and, 282; defined, 15–16, 37; ecstasy (samâdhî) and, 248; Gîtâs on, 197, 247, 282–286; to guru (see gurus, devotion to); Hatha-Yoga and, 384; Jainism and, 148, 152, 153; Krishna and, 40, 192, 196; liberation and, 41, 248, 282–283; to Lord, 219, 224, 225, 246, 247–248, 281–283, 308, 330; Mantra- Yoga and, 53; meditation and, 282; as niyama, 224, 225, 246, 247–248; Purânas on, 281, 299; separation and, 280, 281; Shaivism and, 40–41, 264, 265, 276, 278; Siddha tradition and, 384; Sikhism and, 334, 336; superiority of, 282; Tantra and, 372, 376, 377, 384; Tiru-Mantiram on, 276; Upanishads on, 137, 324; Vaishnavism and, 40, 41, 279, 280–293; Vedas on, 39, 192; Yoga-Sûtra on, 219, 221, 224, 225, 246, 247–248; Yoga- Vâsishtha on, 308. See also bhakti-mârga; discipleship; love
dhamma, defined, 158
Dhamma-Pada, 155, 15
8
Dhanamjaya, 189
dhanam-jaya, 351, 404
Dhanamjaya, 437n. 12
dhâranâ, 250, 396, 455. See also concentration
Dhârâni-Pitaka, 171
dhâranîs, 172
dharma: Buddhism and, 158, 159, 162–163, 171; Gîtâs on, 32, 190, 282; Hindu philosophy and, 73; jnâna-mudrâ and, 418; Jnâna-Yoga and, 32; Purânas on, 297; Râmâyana on, 185; as religion, 72; renunciation and, 63; Vishnu and, 85. See also ethics; law; morality
Dharmacandra, 164
dharma-kâya, 168, 178
Dharmakîrti, 179
dharma-megha, defined, 168
dharma-megha-samâdhî, 147, 233, 253
Dharma-Shâstras, 73, 184, 207–209, 422
Dharma-Sûtras, 120, 123, 184, 208
dhâtus, 80, 329, 416
dhauti, 81, 391, 397
Dhavalâ, 142
dhenu-mudrâ, 362
dhî, 104, 109, 110, 273
Dhritarâshtra, 234–235
dhriti, 189, 246
Dhûmâvatî, 87, 345
dhyâna. See meditation; visualization
Dhyâna-Bindu-Upanishad, 128, 311, 317
dhyâna-mudrâ, 176
dhyâna-yoga, 28
diet: yur-Veda and, 81; Gheranda-Samhitâ on, 397; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 406, 419; kundalinî and, 406; mahâ-mudrâ and, 406; Moksha-Dharma on, 199; Purânas on, 296, 300, 301; purity and, 246; renunciation and, 71; Siddha tradition and, 82; sparing, 246, 315; Upanishads on, 315, 319, 324. See also food
differentiation, 385. See also discernment; discrimination; linga-mâtra
Digambaras, 140–141, 142–143
Dîgha-Nikâya, 158
dîkshâ. See initiation
Dîrghatamas, 102, 116
discernment, 4–5, 30, 32, 33, 130, 224, 230, 233, 240
discipleship, xvi, 9–10, 14–19, 126, 333, 421, 424. See also gurus
discipline. See sâdhana; self-discipline; yamas
discontent, 198
discrimination, 32, 75, 199, 200, 205, 422. See also discernment
disease. See illness
dispassion, 7, 32, 218, 230, 260, 284, 301, 324
Divanji, Prahlad C., 422
divination, 342
Divine: Bhagavad-Gîtâ on, 38; Bhakti-Yoga and, 36, 37, 38–39, 40, 289; body and, 382; Classical Sâmkhya and, 240; gunas and, 432n. 18; guru as, 11, 12–14, 15, 16; hamsa-mantra and, 317; hatred of, 38, 287; Lingâyatas and, 263–264; remembrance of name of, 333, 335, 337; Samhitâs on, 280; separation from, 280, 281; Sikhism and, 335, 336, 337; Tantra and, 342, 346, 370, 371; transcendental love and, 192; Upanishads on, 313, 317, 318, 319; Vaishnavism and, 280, 289, 290, 292; Vedas on, 116, 435n. 59. See also God; Lord; Self (transcendental)
The Yoga Tradition Page 95