Sâtî, 40, 295
sati-patthâna, 161, 162
satisfaction, 53
Sat-Karma-Samgraha, 81, 392
sat-kârya-vâda, 243
sat nam, 337
sat-sanga, 15, 335, 459
sattva: asceticism and, 247; yur-Veda and, 81; bliss and, 201, 202; defined, 75, 370, 432n. 18, 459; Gîtâ on, 247; Goraksha- Paddhati on, 404, 413; insight and, 273; liberation and, 222, 223; Moksha-Dharma on, 200–204, 438n. 23; rajas and tamas vs., 45, 223, 432n. 23; Self and, 228–229, 230, 232, 241; Shiva-Sûtra on, 273; Vedas on, 434n. 36. See also Being; buddhi, gunas
sattva-âpatti, 305
Sâtvata-Samhitâ, 279
satya. See truthfulness
Satyananda Saraswati, Swami, 95, 364–365
satya-yuga, 86
Saundarya-Laharî, 348
Sauras, 187
savicâra-samâdhi, 220, 253
savikalpa-samâdhi, 253
Savitri, 101, 109, 110–111, 117, 119, 130, 314, 345
Schilling, Harold, 348, 350
schizophrenia, 252
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 188
Schumann, Hans-Wolfgang, 160
science, xxvii, xxix, 72, 249, 252, 351, 400, 427–428. See also materialism; quantum physics
seals: Indus-Sarasvatî, 98, 100–101. See also mudrâs
secrecy, 330, 395, 407
Sectarian Age, 64
seed, 220, 298. See also bîja-mantras; bindu
seeking, futility of, 95
Seer. See Witness
seers. See rishi
Segyu Choepel (Rinpoche), xvii
Segyus, 179
Seidenberg, A., 97
self. See ahamkâra; asmitâ; ego; jîva; nonself (no-self)
Self (transcendental): aloneness of, 139 (see also kaivalya); amrita-nâdî and, 355; ranyakas on, 126; asceticism and, 196; Bhakti-Yoga and, 36; bliss and, 127, 417; Brahma and, 195; Brâhmanas on, 126; breath and, 319; Buddhism and, 160–161, 171; chain of being and, 135, 240; consciousness and, 3, 236; Consciousness and, 241; Creator and, 129; death and, 119, 137, 243; deep, 134–135, 183, 436n. 7, 437n. 1; defined, xxv-xxvi, 126–127, 309; dualism and, 4, 77; earliest mention of, 43 5n. 64; ecstasy (samâdhi) and, 3, 254, 398–399; elemental, 35, 201, 206, 438n. 22; emotion and, 287; evidence for existence of, 252; existence hierarchy and, 135, 145–146, 243–244, 267; fire and, 194–195, 422; five forms of, 422; food and, 133; the Fourth as (see Fourth, the); Gheranda-Samhitâ on, 391, 398; Gîtâs on, 8, 185–186, 189, 192–196, 243, 282, 284, 285; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 401, 403, 413, 417, 418, 419; guru as, 11, 12–14; Hatha-Yoga and, 30, 395, 422; heart and, 403, 422; Hindu philosophy and, 72, 73; as honey, 116; horse and, 128; identification with, 5, 19, 52, 129, 241, 254, 258, 341, 399, 419 (see also liberation [enlightenment]); indescribability of, 130, 160–161; intuition of, 9; Jainism and, 143, 144, 145–146, 151; Jnâna-Sâra on, 147; Jnâna-Yoga and, 32; joy and, 200; Karma-Yoga and, 31, 50; kundalinî and, 358, 398; Laya-Yoga and, 54, 55, 269; light and, 232; love and, 196; Mahâbhârata on, 245; maithunâ and, 366; Mantra-Yoga and, 54; meditation and, 391, 398; milk and, 309, 420; Mîmâmsâ and, 73; mind and, 34, 241, 419; Moksha- Dharma on, 199, 200–204; moon and, 184; multiple Selves, 73, 75, 76, 77, 144, 240, 241, 244, 247–248, 254, 311; Nature and (see Nature, Self and); nonattachment and, 189; nondualism and, 4, 20, 74, 207; Nyâya and, 78; offerings and, 196, 307; om as, 372; as pilgrimage center, 331; prâna and, 125, 133, 319; psychocosmograms and, 239; Purânas on, 297, 299; purity and, 246; Râja-Yoga and, 27, 29; Reality and, 126, 127, 133, 418; sacrifice and, 196; Sâmkhya and, 31, 75–77, 144, 198, 240, 254; sattva and, 228–229, 230, 232, 241; science of the, 72; senses and, 204, 250, 413; Shaivism and, 266, 267, 269; shakti and, 128; shâmbhavî-mudrâ and, 396; Shiva-Samhitâ on, 424; Shiva- Sûtra on, 265, 266; sleep and, 218; Smritis on, 422; space and, 422; Spanda- Kârikâ on, 266; spiritual maturation and, 8, 424; study and, 196; sun and, 137, 194, 199, 422; Tantra and, 343, 358, 369, 370–374, 395; Upanishads on, 126–127, 128, 129–130, 133, 134–137, 159, 183–184, 206, 207, 237, 257, 258, 311, 313, 315, 316, 318, 319, 323, 324, 331, 341, 436n. 4; Vaisheshika and, 77; Vaishnavism and, 280, 282, 284, 285; Vedânta and, 4, 74, 130, 258; Vedas on, 112, 126, 196, 237, 435n. 64; Yoga-Bîja on, 421; Yoga definition and, 3—4, 5; Yoga-Sûtra on (see Yoga-Sûtra, on Self); Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304, 306, 307, 308–310. See also Absolute (brahman); Divine; God; Reality; Spirit
self-actualization, 80, 43 3n. 16
self-discipline, xvi, 147, 150, 168, 174, 185, 239, 244, 337
self-offering, 37
Self-realization. See God-realization; liberation (enlightenment)
self-transcendence. See transcendence
semen, 29, 120, 366, 381, 407, 409, 415, 421, 424
sense-restraint: amrita and, 413; ânava- upâya and, 266; calmness and, 391; defined, 396; dharma-shâstras on, 208, 209; ecstasy (samâdhi) and, 252; Gheranda-Samhitâ on, 391, 424; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 412–413, 415; Hatha-Yoga and, 396; Jainism and, 146; Jnâna-Yoga and, 33; Mahâbhârata on, 250; prânâyâma and, 250, 412; Purânas on, 297, 298, 301; Tantras on, 373; tapas and, 67; Uddhava-Gîtâ on, 284—285, 286; Upanishads on, 135, 136, 206, 313, 314, 318, 321, 324, 325, 331; vikâras and, 412–413; vrittis and, 251–252; Yoga definition and, 135; Yoga-Sûtra on, 224, 225, 226, 244, 250, 252, 424
senses: nanda-Samuccaya on, 422; bondage and, 285; Buddhism and, 160, 165–166, 177; cakras and, 353, 354; divya-samvid and, 219; ecstasy (samâdhi) and, 252, 370, 419; enlightenment and, 5; existence hierarchy and, 135; Gîtâs on, 185, 189; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 402, 419; gunas and, 223, 244; as horses, 135, 136; meditation and, 136–137, 199; mind and, 135, 136, 230, 250; Moksha-Dharma on, 199, 200–205; rishis and, 434n. 41; Sâmkhya and, 77; Self and, 204, 250, 413; Shaivism and, 268, 349; Shiva-Sûtra on, 270, 273, 274; Tantra and, 177, 369–373, 376; Upanishads on, 257; yantras and, 364; Yoga-Sûtra on, 81, 219, 227, 229, 230, 243, 244; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 306. See also ears; eyes; nose; sense- restraint; skin; sound; tanmâtras; tongue; touch
separation: cakras and, 355; devotion and, 281; dualism and, 75; fear and, 159; gunas and, 370–371; happiness and, 257; ignorance and, 223, 224; nondualism and, 207; quantum physics and, 381; Sikhism and, 336; Tantra and, 346; Yoga definition and, 4–5; Yoga-Vâsishtha on, 304, 308, 310
serpent, 85, 214, 393, 396. See also kundalinî-shakti
service, 10, 14, 16, 148, 152, 334
servile estate. See shûdra estate
sevâ. See service
sevenfold path, 393
sexuality: ashva-medha and, 128; yur-Veda and, 79; bridal mysticism and, 281, 288; Buddhism and, 161; crazy wisdom and, 20, 21, 23; desire and, 32; Gîtâ-Govinda on, 288; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 402–403; gurus and, 344 (see also crazy wisdom); Hatha-Yoga and, 30; Jainism and, 147; Kâlabhairava and, 295; left-hand vs. right- hand paths and, 258; liberation and, 38, 245; moon and, 80; nondualism and, 258; ojas and, 67, 81, 95, 245, 366; orgasm and, 366, 396, 424; Purânas on, 298; rajas and, 29, 407–408, 421, 424; Râja- Yoga and, 29; renunciation and, 71; saha- jolî and, 424; semen and (see semen); Shaivism and, 258, 259–260, 262, 264; Shiva and Shakti and, 84, 128, 345; Siddha tradition and, 82; spirituality and, 344; sublimation and, 415; sunken consciousness and, 251; Tantra and, 128, 177–178, 179, 245, 342, 343–344, 364, 365–366, 373–374 (see also Five M’s; maithunâ); transformation and, 258, 366; Vaishnavism and, 281, 287–288; vajrolî and, 366, 396, 424; Vrâtyas and, 120; Western neo-Tantra and, 343. See also cakras, svâdhishthâna-cakra; celibacy; chastity; Krishna, gopîs and; prostitutes, sacred; ûrdhva-retas
shabda, 358, 459. See also anâhata-shabda; nâda; shabda-brahman; sound
shabda-brahman, 35, 330, 359
shad-anga-yoga, 206, 280, 313, 358
shad-âyatana, 160
Shad-Darshana-Samuccaya, 235
shadow side, 258–259, 263
Shad-Sandarbha, 292
Shadvimsha-Brâhmana, 124
Shaiva-Siddhânta, 40, 276–278
S
haivism, 257–278; Aghorîs, 263, 265; avadhûtas and, 22; bhakti and, 40–41, 264, 265, 276, 278; dualism and, 265; history of, 40–41, 187; Kâlâmukhas, 40, 263, 439n. 5; Kâpâlikas, 40, 261–262, 263, 389–390; Kashmiri, 265, 267–275, 323, 347, 349, 430n. 28; Krama, 265; Lallâ and, 268–269; left-hand, 258–264, 265; Lingâyatas, 263–264; literature of, 258, 259, 260, 261–262, 264–278; Nalvars, 278; Nâyanmârs, 276–278; nondualism and, 265, 276; northern, 264–268, 276; Nyâya (see Nyâya); Pâshupâtas, 40, 121, 259–261, 439n. 4; Pratyâbhijna, 265, 267–268; right-hand, 264–268; Shaktism and, 267, 342; source reading on, 269–275; southern, 265, 276–278; Tantra and, 262, 263, 265; Trika, 265, 460; Vaishnavism vs., 61; Vedânta and, 265. See also gamas; Pâshupâta-Brahma- Upanishad; Shiva; Shiva-Sûtra; Tantras
Shâkâyanya, 206
Shâkinî, 354
Shâkta-Upanishads, 127
shâkta-upâya, 266
shakti: amrita and, 414; described, 356, 409; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 409, 414, 418; initiation and, 18; Self and, 128; Shiva and, 84, 431n. 44 (see also Shiva, Shakti and); siddhas and, 276, 383; Siddha- Siddhânta-Paddhati on, 421; sixty-four yoginîs and, 7, 430n. 8; Tantra and, 64, 344; Upanishads on, 127; Vedas on, 110; yogic body and, yoginî- jnâna-mudrâ and, 418. See also feminine principle; kundalinî-shakti
Shakti: body as, 399; cakras and, 354; described, 267, 345–346, 352, 356, 459; as Divine Intellience, 356; Hatha-Yoga and, 390; Kâpâlikas and, 262; kundalinî and, 352, 356, 385; maithunâ and, 365; The Mother as, 58; as rajas, 408; Shaivism and, 267, 342; Shiva and (see Shiva, Shakti and); Single Cow and, 110; Tantras and, 264, 265, 342, 346; yantras and, 364. See also Devî
shakti-calana, 396, 421
shâktikâ-dîkshâ, 18
shakti-pâta, 17, 268, 459
Shaktism, 40, 187, 267, 342
Shakyamuni. See Gautama the Buddha
shama. See tranquility
Shamanism, 93–95, 106, 113, 415
Shambhala, 173
shâmbhava-upâya, 265, 266
shâmbhavî-dîkshâ, 18, 430nn. 28, 29
shâmbhavî-mudrâ, 323, 369, 396
Shambhu, 18, 265, 347, 369, 396, 416
Shândilî, 23
Shândilya, 37, 124
Shândilya-Upanishad, 128, 312, 330
Shankara: nanda-Laharî of, 345, 348, 350; Asparsha-Yoga and, 207; Buddhism and, 157, 171; Carpâta-Panjarika-Stotra and, 388; commentaries of, 3, 33, 130, 136, 207, 235, 422, 437n. 9; Dakshinamûrti- Stotra of, 12–14; date of, 74, 312, 433n. 14; described, 5, 213, 235; Gaudapâda and, 7, 206, 207, 235; Jnânadeva vs., 290–291; Kâpâlikas and, 262; Mandana Mishra and, 73–74; Nirvâna-Shatka of, 5; philosophy of, 74, 288; Prapanca-Sâra- Tantra and, 348; Râmânuja vs., 41, 74–75, 288, 289; Saundarya-Laharî and, 348; Vijnâna Bhikshu and, 236; Vivarana and, 235; Viveka-Cûdâmani of, 34
Shankara Bhagavatpâda, 235
Shankara-Dig-Vijaya, 73, 261–262
Shânkhâyana-Smriti, 209
shan-mukhi-mudrâ. See yoni-mudrâ
Shântanu, King, 234
shânti. See peace
Shântideva, 167
sharana, 264
sharing, Sikhism and, 335
Shâriputra, 165–166
sharîras, 144–145. See also koshâs
Shâstras, 62, 188, 341, 414, 459. See also Dharma-Shâstras; specific Shâstras
shâstra-yoga, 152
Shata-Patha-Brâhmana, 39, 124-125, 208, 214, 247
Shata-Ratna-Samgraha, 431n. 32
Shata-Rudrîya, 206
Shata-Sâhasrikâ-Sûtra, 163
Shat-Karma-Dîpïkâ, 368
shat-karmans (magical), 368. See also siddhis
shat-karmans (purificatory), 391–392, 397
Shat-Khânda-gama, 142
Shat-Sandarbha, 37
shauca. See purity
Shaunaka, 66, 433n. 8
sheaths. See koshas
Shekhara, King, 389
Sherab Sengye, Jetsun, 179
Shesha, 85, 214
Shikhâs, 347
Shiksha-Ashtaka, 292
Shikshâ-Samuccaya, 167
shîla. See self-discipline
Shinran Shonin, 174
shiras, 209, 314, 408
shîrsha-âsana. See âsanas
Shishupâla, King, 38, 287
Shishupâlavadha, 438n. 7
shishya, 14
shîtalî-kumbhaka, 398
Shiva, 83–84; as Absolute, 259, 417; as dinâtha, 385, 401, 420, 424; as Aghora, 263, 265; âsanas and, 393; as Being- Consciousness, 267; as Bhairava, 261, 262, 265, 266, 270, 374; bhakti and, 40; as Bhûta, 265; as bindu, 408; body and, 329, 421; Brahma and, 185; cakras and, 354, 355; as Consciousness, 346; creation and, 381; as Dakshinamûrti, 12; dance of, 381–382; as Dattâtreya (see Dattâtreya); described, 83–84, 185; as destroyer, 185, 381; Devî and, 299; ether and, 416; five faces of, 265, 439n. 10; as Garuda, 265; Gîtâs on, 16, 185–186; the Goddess and, 344; Gopîcandra and, 388; Goraksha Nâtha and, 386; Goraksha-Paddhati on, 401, 403, 408, 412, 414, 416, 417; on gurus, 11; as Hara, 84, 137, 414; Hatha- Yoga and, 390; identification with, 5; illustrated, 266, 276, 392; as Îshana, 84, 265; as ishta-devata, 225; Jâlandhari and, 387; as jîva, 372–373, 390; as Kâlabhairava, 295; kaula and, 385; Kubjîka and, 113; Kumârî and, 270; kundalinî and, 84, 385; as Lakulîsha, 259; Lallâ and, 268–269; liberation and, 84; as Light, 346; as linga (see linga); as Mahâdeva, 185–186, 344; as Maheshvara, 297, 401, 443n. 21; maithunâ and, 365–366; mantras for, 277, 298–299; Mina and, 386; moon and, 84; mother of, 23; mudrâs and, 360, 363; as Nata-Râja, 381–382; Nâthas and, 385; om and, 409; Parama-, 349, 354; Pârvatî (Umâ) and, 16, 18, 84, 185–186, 270, 277, 354, 365, 386; as Pashupati, 133, 261, 319, 374; on pashupati seal, 100; poems to, 276–278; as principle of existence, 267; Purânas on, 296, 297, 298–299; Rudra and (see Rudra); Sadâ- (see Sadâ-Shiva); shakti and, 84, 431n. 44; Shakti and, 84, 128, 175, 265, 267, 345–346, 349, 354, 356, 357, 359, 369, 385, 390, 403, 408, 421, 430n. 27, 431n. 44; as Shambhu (see Shambhu); as Shankara, 84; Tantra and, 84, 265, 316, 345–346, 370, 371, 372, 373, 376, 378; trinity and, 185; Upanishads on, 133–134, 137, 331; as Vâma, 265; Vedas on, 40, 83; videha- mukti and, 329; Vishnu and, 185, 295; yantras and, 364. See also gamas; Shaivism; Shiva-Sûtra; Tiru-Murai
Shivajî, King, 291
shiva-linga. See linga
shiva-linga-mudrâ, 363
Shivânanda (17th century), 443n. 44
Shivananda (20th century), Swami, 421
shiva-pura, 297
Shiva-Purâna, 9, 16, 298–299, 431n. 42
Shivaratri festival, 365
Shiva-Samhitâ, 10–11, 15, 424
Shiva’s city, 297
Shiva-Stotra-Avalî, 255, 257
Shiva-Sûtra, 265–266, 269–275, 347
Shiva-Svarodaya, 81
Shiva-Yoga-Pradîpikâ, 443n. 44
shodasha-anta, 323
shodhana. See purification
shraddhâ. See faith
Shraddhâ-Utpâda-Shâstra, 16
shramanas, 140
Shrauta-Sûtras, 123, 434n. 41
shravana. See listening
Shrîmad-Bhâgavata. See Bhâgavata-Purâna
Shrînivasa Bhatta, 423
Shrî-Parvata, 331
shrishti-pratyaya, 359
Shrî-Vidyâ-Arnava-Tantra, 347
Shrî-Vidyâ tradition, 347, 360
shrî-yantra, 364, 365
shruti. See revelation
shubha, 170
Shubhacandra, 151
shubha-icchâ, 305
shudda concepts, 265
shudda-yoga, 298
Shuddha Vedânta, 236
shuddhi. See purification
shûdra estate, 9, 60
Shuka, 330
shukra, 407–408. See also semen
Shulba-Sûtras, 63, 98, 123, 434n. 15
shûnya-mudrâ, 360
shûnyatâ. See emptiness
shvâsa. See breath
Shve
tâmbaras, 140–141, 142, 189
Shvetâshvatara-Upanishad, 40, 127, 134, 136–137, 422, 435n. 54
siddha-âsana, 318, 393, 401, 402
siddhârtha, 156, 436n. 3. See also Gautama the Buddha
siddhas, 8, 9, 82, 145, 146, 147, 178–181, 276, 290, 367, 382–390. See also Siddha tradition; siddhis
Siddha-Siddhânta-Paddhati (Goraksha), 22, 24–25, 402, 420–421, 443nn. 23, 39
Siddha-Siddhânta-Paddhati (Nitya Nâtha), 389, 443n. 39
Siddha-Siddhânta-Samgraha, 443n. 39
Siddha tradition, 81–82, 163, 258, 268, 276, 383–390. See also Bauls; Kaulism; Maheshvaras; Nâthism; Sahajayâna Buddhism; siddhas; specific masters
Siddha-Yoga, 82
siddhi, as perfection, 383
siddhis, 367–368; of Abhinava Gupta, 347; alchemy and, 367; amrita and, 414—415; artificial body-minds, 230, 271; asceticism and, 67, 230, 367; assuming various forms, 94, 95, 230–231, 367, 382–383; astral travel, 229; bhûta-samatâ and, 422; birth and, 367; cakras and, 355; clairvoyance, 227, 392; compacting the universe, 271; cosmic knowledge, 228; death-ing, 368; delusion and, 272; described, 8, 367–368; desire and, 367; Dharma- Shâstras on, 209; direct perception, 227; dissension causation, 368;divine body and, 408; divya-shrotra, 229; ecstasy (samâdhi) and, 198, 230, 367; effulgence, 229; ego and, 198–199; elements and, 271, 367, 368; entering another body, 229, 297; eradication, 368; extension, 367; future event perception, 78, 209, 227, 297; growing back body parts, 388; Hatha- Yoga and, 382–383; herbs and, 230, 367; immobilization, 368; immunity from all weapons, 390; invisibility, 94, 95, 209, 228, 329, 367; Jainism and, 149; Kâpâlikas and, 261; khecârî-mudrâ and, 395; kundalinî and, 421; lambikâ-yoga and, 414; levitation, 229, 367, 398, 411; liberation and, 367; limitations of, 28, 67, 95, 198–199, 297, 298, 329; Lord and, 367; lordship, 368; magical consciousness and, 92; magical flight, 415; magic and, 28, 67, 95, 367, 368; magnification, 367; maha-, 276, 298, 323, 367–368, 395, 407, 414, 417, 430n. 18; Mani-Prabhâ on, 367; mantras and, 230, 367; metabolic control, 353; miniaturization, 229, 323, 367, 415; misuse of, xvi, 67, 367, 368; Moksha- Dharma on, 198; mudrâs and, 395; pacification, 368; past life recall, 209, 227, 246, 297; peace aura, 246; perfection of body, 229; poison assimilation, 406, 415; prânâyâma and, 81, 229; Purânas on, 297, 298; reality of, 368; remote viewing, 78, 228; renouncing, 28, 421; resurrection, 387, 389; ritual and, 367; Shamanism and, 94, 95; Shiva-Sûtra on, 271, 272; Siddha- Siddhânta-Paddhati on, 421; Siddha tradition and, 383, 384, 385; sthânas and, 417; strength, 228, 246; subjugation, 368; subtle knowledge, 228–229; Tantra and, 367–368, 382–383; Tattva-Vaishâradî on, 367; Tiru-Mantiram on, 276; treasures, 246; turning people into stone Buddha sculpture, 388; types of, 367–368; Upanishads on, 319, 329, 330, 367; Vedânta and, 367; visualization and, 355; will, 368; words come true, 246; yamas and, 246; Yoga-Bhâshya on, 367–368; Yoga-Bhâshya-Vivarana on, 367, 368; Yoga-Bîja on, 367, 382–383; Yoga-Sûtra on, 28, 198–199, 216, 226–230, 246, 367. See also magic; miracles
The Yoga Tradition Page 102