The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution
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Prince Edward County, Va., 260
Private property, right of, 352
Progress, idea of, 85
Proud, Robert, History of Pennsylvania, 57
Providence, R.I., 44
Providence Gazette, 33, 42, 100
Prussia, 79
Pufendorf, Samuel, Baron von, 23, 27, 29, 43, 150
Pulteney, Sir William, 168, 340
Puritanism, 32–33, 140, 303
Pym, John, 344
Quakers, 84; and radical writings, 36; and abolition of slavery, 245; and religious establishment in Mass., 268–270
Quartering Act, 119
Quebec Act, 119
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 99, 117; and Enlightenment authors, 22, 27; Observations, 23, 26, 28, 35, 39, 43, 61, 62, 64, 122, 141, 233; and radical tradition, 45; on power, 61; on conspiracy, 121, 122; on colonies and state of slavery, 233
Radicalism, nature of, in England, 47, 283–284
Ralph, James, 13, 41; Case of Authors, 14; History, 14; Of the Use and Abuse of Parliament, 89
Ramsay, David, History, 157, 273, 281, 285
Ramus, Petrus, 23
Randolph, Edmund, 360–361, 368
Randolph, John, Considerations, 284
Rapin-Thoyras, Paul de, 77, 82; popularity of his writings in colonies, 41, 42; Dissertation on the … Whigs and Tories, 41, 83, 123; Histoire d’Angleterre, 41, 83; Dissertation on the … Anglo-Saxons, 83
Raymond, Sir Robert, Reports, 31
Reasons Why the British Colonies … Should Not Be Charged…, see Fitch, Thomas
Religion, see Church of England; Congregationalism; Establishment, religious; Methodists; Presbyterianism; Puritanism; Roman Catholic Church
Representation: colonial, in Parliament, 161–162; in England, 161–164, 166–167, 338; and taxation, 162; concept of, in colonies, 162–175; in Mass., 165; in states, 324; antifederalists on, 338, 341; federalists on, 362–363. See also Parliament
Republic, 281–284. See also Democracy
Republican government: at state level, 324; antifederalists on, 344, 347–349; virtue and, 344–345, 351–352, 368–376, 378–379; federalists and, 351–352; “confederate,” 362
Revenue Act, see Sugar Act
Rhode Island, 100, 185; charter of, 191; and slave trade, 245
Ricaut, see Rycaut
Rights: colonial concept of, 27, 184–189, 193–194; extension of English, to colonies, 194; colonial codifications of, 194–197
Robertson, William, 27
Robinocracy, 49–50, 206. See also St. John
Robinson-Morris, Matthew, Lord Rokeby, Considerations, 133, 141
Rockingham, Marquis of, see Watson-Wentworth, Charles
Roman Catholic Church: as threat to liberty, 98, 207; in Virginia, 248
Rome, 26, 66, 79, 85, 88, 90, 102, 132, 133, 232, 282, 287, 295, 306; colonists’ knowledge of history of, 25, 373; compared to England, 131, 133, 137
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 23, 27, 29
Rush, Benjamin, 230, 239, 328–329
Russell, Lord William, 132
Russia, 63
Russian Revolution, 19
Rutledge, Edward, 379
Rycaut, Sir Paul, History of the Ottoman Empire, 63, 64
St. George’s Field Massacre, 115
St. John, Henry, Viscount Bolingbroke, 8, 28, 42, 49, 72, 75, 77, 85, 118, 151, 168; Craftsman, 39, 40, 42, 50, 53, 57, 72, 73, 86, 206; Dissertation on Parties, 40, 68; on the constitution, 68
Salem, Mass., 7
Salkeld, William, Reports, 31
Sallust, 24, 25, 26, 42, 137
Salter, Richard, Sermon, 127
Savannah, Ga., 169
Sawbridge, John, 149
Saxons, 67; and origins of British Constitution, 80–82
Seabury, Samuel, 27, 74, 119; writing of, 11; Free Thoughts, 11, 312; Alarm to the Legislature, 62; View of the Controversy, 121, 137, 143, 175, 184, 223, 226; on English society, 137; on representation, 174; on sovereignty, 226; on civil disobedience, 312; Congress Canvassed, 312
Selden, John, 315
Self-interest: antifederalists on, 345–346, 347; federalists on, 366, 367
Seneca, 24
Serious Address to … New York, 233
Seven Years’ War, 84, 103, 113, 204
Shakespeare, William, 23
Sharp, Granville, Declaration of the People’s Natural Right, 241
Shebbeare, John, Letter to the People of England, 13
Sheffield, England, 169
Sherlock, Thomas, Bishop of London, 252
Sherman, Roger, 322
Sherwood, Samuel, 104
Shirley, William, 121
Shuckford, Samuel, Sacred and Profane History … Connected, 33
Sibthorpe, Robert, 28, 29, 53, 199, 344
Sidney, Algernon, 22, 29, 38, 40, 45, 60, 132, 168, 299, 344; Discourses, 34; popularity of writings of, in colonies, 34–35
Silence Dogood, 43
Silliman, Ebenezer, 213
Singletary, Amos, 343–344
Size, of republics: antifederalists on, 347–349; federalists on, 360–368
Slave trade, 236; abolition of, 245–246
Slavery: colonies and state of, 119–120, 122, 232–233, 312; concept of, as political condition, 233–235; identification between causes of Negroes and of colonies, 235–246
Smith, Melancton, 322
Smith, William, Jr., 46, 280
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (S.P.G.), 249; and Episcopal establishment, 96–98; Mayhew-Apthorp controversy, 254–257
Some Fugitive Thoughts, 17, 237
Some Observations of Consequence, 168
Sons of Liberty, 111, 244
Sophocles, 24
Soulé, François, Histoire des troubles, 124
South Carolina, 111, 166, 236; plural officeholding in, 110; and religious establishment, 248; ratifying convention, 339, 341
South Carolina Gazette, 59–60
South Sea Bubble, 36, 132
Sovereignty: of Parliament, 47, 200–202, 205, 206, 216–217, 335–336, 341, 351, 358–360, 377–378; concept of, in colonies, 198, 202–229; concept of, in England, 198–202, 222–224; divisibility of, 209–220, 223–224, 226–227
Spain, 63, 66, 118, 129
Sparta, 375
Spectator, The, 71, 77
Spelman, Henry, 31, 82
Spirit of the Laws, see Montesquieu
Stamp Act, 6, 94, 99, 100, 101, 111, 120, 128, 134, 136, 140, 208, 211, 214, 215; repeal of, 4; and fear of conspiracy, 99–102, 134; riots against, 112
State governments, 324; versus federal powers, 335–336, 351. See also Constitutions, state; Federalism; Sovereignty
Stearns, William, View of the Controversy, 35
Stephens, Rayner, 283
Sterne, Laurence, Tristram Shandy, 10
Stevens, John, Jr., “Americanus” essays, 330, 363–365, 368, 374, 375
Stiles, Ezra, 244
Storing, Herbert, 326, 327
Strabo, 24
Strahan, William, 87–88, 115, 135; on England, 133–134; on conspiracy, 148, 149
Stuart, John, 3rd Earl of Bute: 122–123, 145–146, 147–148, 344
Suetonius, 24
Suffolk Resolves, 126
Sugar Act, 103
Sullivan, Francis Stoughton, Lectures on the Laws, 31
Sutton, Mass., 9
Sweden, 64, 66, 79, 138, 146
Swift, Jonathan, 8, 23, 49; Conduct of the Allies, 13; Modest Proposal, 13; quantity of writings, 14; compared with American pamphleteers, 13, 17
Switzerland, 65, 138, 282, 287
Tacitus, 24, 25, 42, 82, 132
Taxes: and representation, 162; distinction between external and internal, 209–221; federal government’s, 335, 336–337, 343–344, 358. See also Stamp Act; Sugar Act
Taylor, John, 341
Tea Act, 118, 128
Tea Party, see Boston Tea Party
Temple, John, 213
/> Thacher, Oxenbridge, 99, 199; and classical authors, 24; Sentiments, 100, 144
Thompson, Gen. Samuel, 370
Thomson, James, 46; Britannia, 49; Liberty, 46, 49, 140
Thucydides, 24
Tindall, Matthew, Rights of the Christian Church, 57
Tories, colonial: and representation, 174–175; and nature of constitutions, 175; and rights, 188; on sovereignty, 226; seizure of property of, 302
Townshend Duties, 4, 102, 111, 117, 215
Tredwell, Thomas, 331
Trenchard, John, 45, 50, 62, 84, 85, 113, 132; popularity of writings of, in colonies, 35–37, 44, 53; Cato’s Letters, 22, 36, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 48–49, 52, 53, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 68, 77, 80, 86, 132, 137, 283–284; Independent Whig, 36, 43, 45, 53; Argument Shewing, 36, 62, 84, 85; History of Standing Armies, 73, 116
Triumph of the Whigs, 170
Trumbull, Benjamin, 157; Discourse, 33
Trumbull, John, M’Fingal, 7
Turkey, 63, 64, 66, 129
Turner, Charles, Sermon, 183, 267, 308
Two-Penny Acts, 5; and religious establishment, 252–254
Ulpian, 24
Van Schaak, Peter, 29, 30, 149–150
Vattel, Emmerich, de, 27, 29, 150, 180; on constitutions, 178; on external and internal obligations, 210; Law of Nations, 210
Vaughan, Sir John, 30
Venice, 64
Vergil, 23, 24; Eclogues, 111
Vice-Admiralty, see Admiralty
Virginia, 111, 119, 235, 236; and religious establishment, 247, 249, 257–261; Church of England in, 251; Declaration of Rights of, 260; constitution of, contrasted with England’s, 276; proposals for state constitution of, 291–293; ratifying convention in, 335, 345–346, 353, 356, 360–361, 369. See also Tobacco; Two-Penny Acts
Virginia Gazette, 38, 66, 80, 102, 137, 152, 169, 259
Virtue, in government: antifederalists and, 344–345; federalists and, 351–352, 368–376, 378–379; Madison on, 369; Webster on, 373
Voltaire, 27, 29, 30, 84
Votes and Proceedings … of … Boston, 7, 61, 66, 78, 104, 107, 108, 109, 117, 206, 219
Wales, Princess Dowager of, 148
Walpole, Horace, 147, 303
Walpole, Sir Robert, 36, 39, 46, 47–50, 51, 52, 53, 72, 87, 121, 137, 206
Wanton, Gideon, 10
Ward, Samuel, 10
Warren, Joseph: Oration, 76, 116, 233, 275; on Stamp Act, 101–102
Warren, Mercy Otis: The Blockheads, 7; The Group, 7, 29; and Enlightenment authors, 29; History, 64, 102, 157; on Hutchinson, 331; Observations on the Constitution, 332
Washington, George, 17, 42, 120, 121, 333; on Federalist papers, 327; on virtue and American government, 369–370
Watson-Wentworth, Charles, 2d Marquis of Rockingham, 134, 135, 147–148
Watts, Isaac, 40
Wealth: and military service, 356; and virtue, 371–372; distribution of, 374
Webster, Noah, 327–328, 354; Sketches of American Policy, 373; Examination…, 373
Webster, Samuel, Misery and Duty, 193
Wedderburn, Alexander, 29
Weems, Mason, 157
Wells, Richard: Few Political Reflections, A, 140, 235, 241; on slavery, 239–240
West Indies, 236
West, Samuel, 370
Whately, Thomas, 213; Regulations Lately Made, 166
Whigs, English: influence of radical, on colonists, 33–54; interpretation of history of, 41–42; radical, and corruption in England, 132–133; and sovereignty, 199, 201
Whitelock, Bulstrode, 41
Whitney, Peter, Transgressions, 59, 61, 67, 183, 310
Wilbur, Richard, “Mind,” 322
Wilkes, John, 110, 111, 112, 115, 131, 344, Number 45 North Briton, 11; identification of colonists with, 110–112, 121
William III, 36, 46
Williams, Samuel, Discourse, 7, 66, 140, 271, 272
Williams, William Peere, Reports, 31
Wilson, James, 8, 174, 322, 329, 332, 368; Considerations, 42, 81, 104, 171, 225; on placemen, 103; “Address to the Inhabitants of the Colonies,” 153–155, 173; on representation, 171; speech (Oct. 6, 1787), 328, 339
Winthrop, James, as “Agrippa,” 322, 343, 349, 366
Worcester, Mass., 152
Workman, Benjamin, “Philadelphiensis” papers, 334
Wright, John, 57
Wyndham, Sir William, 171
Xenophon, 24
Xerxes, 66
Zenger, John Peter, 43, 52, 85
Zubly, John Joachim: Calm and Respectful Thoughts, 42; Humble Enquiry, 58, 169, 182, 217; Law of Liberty, 66, on representation, 169; on nature of constitutions, 181; on divisibility of sovereignty, 217