Winter 1918
Rosa Luxemburg quotation from ‘Der Anfang’, Die Rote Fahne, 18 November 1918.
BREST: ‘tense voyage’: Badger, Life in Ragtime, 162. ‘do not recognise’: Sammons and Morrow, 190. • STOCKHOLM: for Einstein’s life see Philipp Frank, Einstein: His Life and Times, 1948; Albrecht Fölsing, Albert Einstein: A Biography, 1997 (trans. Ewald Osers); and Walter Isaacson, Einstein: His Life and Universe, 2007. ‘milk and sugar’: to Hans Albert Einstein, 25 January 1918, CPAE VIII, 615, note 4. ‘torment me’: from Mileva Einstein-Marić, 9 February 1918, CPAE X, 141–143. • KANSAS CITY: ‘get into aviation’: to the Hemingway family, 2 January 1918, LEH I, 71. ‘still a Christian’: to Grace Hemingway, 16 January 1918, LEH I, 76–77. ‘more terrestrial matters’ to ‘sans use of the eyes’: to Marcelline Hemingway, 30 January 1918 and 12 February 1918, LEH I, 79–80 and 82–83. • WASHINGTON DC: ‘10.30 on a Saturday morning’: diary of Colonel House, 9 January 1917, WW XLV, 550–559. ‘moral climax’: address to Congress, 8 January 1917, WW XLV, 534–539. ‘Poland will be free’: for more on this see M. B. Biskupski, ‘Re-creating Central Europe: The United States “Inquiry” into the Future of Poland in 1918’, International History Review, 12/2, 1990, 221–240. • BREST-LITOVSK: ‘Austrian Foreign Minister’: diary entry for 5 January 1918, Ottokar Czernin, In the World War, 1919, 231. ‘Wilhelm presents a map’: Chernev, 64–65; and Max Hoffmann, The War of Lost Opportunities, 1924, 214. ‘Trotsky, persuaded by Lenin’: Trotsky, 363. ‘will not bow its head’: Fokke, 128. ‘unnecessarily decorative’: PBL, 66. ‘master rather than his emissary’ and ‘Austrian counterpart’: Trotsky, 367. ‘no way compensated’: PBL, 62. ‘dictates a history’: Trotsky, 369–370. ‘taking part with much interest’: PBL, 75. ‘protest against the tone’: 82. ‘Vienna urgently needs’: Czernin, 231. ‘bound to raise problems’: Chernev, 120–157. • VIENNA: ‘Eve of the Austrian Revolution’: Brook-Shepherd, Last Habsburg, 122. ‘Cold shivers’: to Abraham, 19 January 1918, FR/AB, 369–370 (the original German reads ‘Kälte Tremor’). • BERLIN: ‘must now be done in the west!’: Röhl, Into the Abyss, 1157. ‘Died for the Fatherland’: Davis, Kaiser I Knew, 285. • PETROGRAD: for the episode of the Constituent Assembly see Alexander Rabinowitch, The Bolsheviks in Power: The First Year of Soviet Rule in Petrograd, 2007, 104–131. ‘rousing speech to Red Guards’: speech at send-off of troop trains, 1 January 1918, CW XXVI, 420. ‘collapse of a bluff, which?’: Edgar Sisson, One Hundred Red Days: A Personal Chronicle of the Bolshevik Revolution, 1931, 236. ‘Ex-poachers’: diary entry 18 January 1918, Robien, 195. ‘armed with sandwiches’: Sisson, 242. ‘company of corpses’: ‘People from Another World’, 6 January 1918 (published in 1926), CW XXVI, 431–433. ‘funereal black’: Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks in Power, 110. ‘Wild West show’: Albert Rhys Williams, Journey into Revolution: Petrograd, 1917–1918, 1969, 198. ‘go at it systematically’: ibid., 199. ‘hand on heart’: Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks in Power, 117. ‘majestic air’: Williams, 200. ‘Let them just go home’: Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks in Power, 122. ‘guards are tired’: S. Mstislavskii, Five Days which Transformed Russia, 1988, 154. ‘not the end’: Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks in Power, 124. • THE WESTERN FRONT: for Erich Ludendorff’s life see Manfred Nebelin, Ludendorff: Diktator im Ersten Weltkrieg, 2010. For Adolf Hitler’s war see Thomas Weber, Hitler’s First War: Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War, 2010. For the biography of Adolf Hitler see Ian Kershaw, Hitler: Hubris, 1889–1936, 1998; Volker Ullrich, Hitler: A Biography, Ascent, 2013; Thomas Weber, Becoming Hitler: The Making of a Nazi, 2017; John Toland, Adolf Hitler, 1976. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, 1939 (trans. Chamberlain, Fay, Hayes, Johnson et al.), proves some interesting insights, but must be read above all as a propaganda document. ‘go under’: Nebelin, 408. • PETROGRAD: for the political debate around this question see Service, A Political Life, Vol. 2, 317–322. ‘human yearning’: Theses on the Question of The Immediate Conclusion &c., 7 January 1918, CW XXXVI, 442–450. ‘dirty stable’: speech at meeting of the Central Committee, 11 January 1918, CW XXXVI, 467–470. ‘shot on the spot’: meeting with food supply officials, 14 January 1918, CW XXVI, 501–502. • PARIS: ‘mind bringing me’: Apollinaire to Breton, 6 February 1918, http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/guillaume-apollinaire-4717464-details.aspx. ‘telephone rings’: entry for February 1918, Jessie Kenney. • TOBOLSK: ‘saws up wood’ to ‘greenhouse roof’: diary of Nicholas, 9–26 January 1918, ROM, 227. ‘a lot of time thinking about’: Alexandra to Anna Vryubova, 9 January 1918, ROM, 219–221. ‘swastika’: Alexandra to Aleksandr Syroboiarsky, 11 January 1918, ROM, 221. ‘In other words’: diary of Nicholas, 1/14 February 1918, ROM, 227. • BREST-LITOVSK: ‘demagogic trick’ and following: PBL, 143. ‘twang of sympathy’: Czernin, 246. ‘can only thank the President’: PBL, 145. ‘requests a visa’ and ‘refused’: Trotsky, 375–376; and to Count Czernin, 26 January, 1918, TP I, 9–11. ‘intellectual combat’: PBL, 148. ‘peace without profit’ to ‘I wonder if’: Czernin, 247–249. ‘final card’: PBL, 171–173, very slightly paraphrased. ‘what is going to happen’: Fokke, 207. • PETROGRAD: ‘robbed blind’: diary entry, 14 February 1918, Robien, 222. ‘Hell’s fire’: Patriarch Tikhon anathematises the Bolsheviks, RSS, 193–195. • HASKELL COUNTY: John M. Barry, The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History, 2005, 91–97. • BREST-LITOVSK: ‘start hostilities again’: diary entry 17 February 1918, Max Hoffmann, War Diaries and Other Papers, 2 volumes, Vol. 1, 1929 (trans. Eric Sutton), 204–205. ‘Stalin is blunt’: Kotkin, 255. ‘most comical war’: diary entry 22 February 1918, Hoffmann, War Diaries, Vol. 1, 207. ‘radiant with joy’: diary entry 21 February 1918, Robien, 229. ‘spiky article’: ‘The Revolutionary Phrase’, Pravda, 21 February 1918, CW XXVII, 19–29. • VIENNA: ‘mutiny breaks out’: Rauchensteiner, 887–893. ‘infuriates the empire’s Poles’: Watson, 500. • PETROGRAD: for Lenin’s political gamesmanship on Brest-Litovsk and party matters see Service, A Political Life, Vol. 2, 322–355. For the life of Stalin see Kotkin; Miklós Kun, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, 2003; and Robert Service, Stalin: A Biography, 2005. For Béla Kun see Borsányi. For the move to Moscow and details of living arrangements see Kotkin, 259–264; and Trotsky, 350–353. ‘second New York’: Rabinowitch, Bolsheviks in Power, 201. ‘Foreign embassies’ to ‘glass of fresh milk’: diary entry 28 February 1918 and 1 March 1918, Robien, 236–241. ‘Tsar’s brother Michael’: Crawford and Crawford, 340–341. ‘had an affair’: Simon Sebag Montefiore, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, 2003, 24. ‘moving in zig-zags’: ‘The Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government’, 23–28 March 1918, CW XLI, 682–684. ‘dark spy’: Borsányi, 52. ‘kill anyone younger than seven’: diary entry 20 March 1918, Ivan Bunin, Cursed Days, 1998 (trans. Thomas Gaiton Marullo), 65–66. • NANTES: for the band’s journey across France see Badger, Life in Ragtime, 166–173. For the somewhat fluid notion of jazz itself and James Reese Europe’s contribution see Badger, ‘James Reese Europe’. ‘receives a delegation’: Cooper, Wilson, 409.
Spring 1918
THE WESTERN FRONT: for the German offensive, see Robert T. Foley, ‘From Victory to Defeat: The German Army in 1918’, in Ashley Ekins (ed.), 1918: The Year of Victory, 2010, 69–88; and Watson, 514–523. ‘rumours among troops’ to ‘single cigarette’: Nebelin, 407–412. ‘looks like a film’: letter dated 21 March 1918, extract reproduced in Albrecht von Thaer, ‘Generalstabdienst an der Front und in der O.H.L.’, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, No. 40, 1958, 170–171. ‘lights up his sleeping quarters’: Gilbert, World in Torment, 79. ‘push looks awful’: to Hemingway family, 23 March 1918, LEH I, 91. ‘always been a carnivore’: to Abraham, 22 March 1918, FR/AB, 374. ‘utterly defeated’: diary entry 23 March 1918, Müller, Kaiser and his Court, 344. ‘sending King George’: Gilbert, World in Torment, 81. ‘begins to wonder’: diary entry 29 March 1918, Müller, Kaiser and his Court, 346. ‘crawling through’: Noble Lee Sissle, ‘Memoirs of Lieutenant “Jim” Europe’
, unpublished manuscript, 1942, LOC, NAACP Papers, Group 1, Boxes J56 and J70, 155–165. ‘German army that is breaking apart’: Watson, 525–526. ‘Oh! Oh! Oh!’: Gilbert, World in Torment, 94. • ZURICH: to Mileva Einstein-Marić, 3 April 1918, CPAE X, 154–155. • VIENNA: for this episode see Rauchensteiner, 896–906. See also the German and Austrian correspondence in April/May 1918, in GFA IV, 101–168. For the panic in Vienna and at court see Brook-Shepherd, Last Habsburg, 142–150. • MAYNOOTH: see Coogan, De Valera, 107–109. ‘have not met one soldier’: Minutes of the War Cabinet, Irish Conscription, 6 April 1918, WSC VIII, 297–298. ‘fit resting place’: Father Patrick Gaynor quoted in Fitzpatrick, ‘De Valera in 1917’, 110. • RUSSIA: for histories of the Russian civil war see Evan Mawdsley, The Russian Civil War, 1987 (2008 edition cited here); Jonathan D. Smele, The ‘Russian’ Civil Wars, 1916–1926: Ten Years that Shook the World, 2015; and Laura Engelstein, Russia in Flames: War, Revolution and Civil War, 1914–1921, 2018. For an older account see William Henry Chamberlin, The Russian Revolution, 1917–1921, 1935, 2 volumes. For foreign intervention see Mawdsley, 62–76; and Engelstein, 383–400. For the civil war in the context of other pressures facing the Bolshevik regime in its early years, see Richard Pipes, Russia under the Bolshevik Regime, 1919–1924, 1997; and Figes, 555–720. For British involvement see Clifford Kinvig, Churchill’s Crusade: The British Invasion of Russia, 2006, with 17–71 particularly relevant for this section. For a broader perspective on relations between the Bolsheviks and the West in these years see Robert Service, Spies and Commissars: Bolshevik Russia and the West, 2011. For Count Mirbach see Winfried Baumgart, ‘Die Mission des Grafen Mirbach in Moskau April–Juni 1918’, Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 16/1, 1968, 66–96. ‘taken Kharkov’: diary entry 9 April 1918, Hoffmann, War Diaries, Vol. 1, 214. ‘diplomatic capital of Russia’: Francis, 237. ‘French diplomat describes’: diary entries 25 April–15 May 1918, Robien, 251–264. ‘discipline must be discipline’: Kotkin, 297. ‘exhilarating game’: see, for example, George Hill, Go Spy the Land: Being the Adventures of I.K.8 of the British Secret Service, 1932; and Paul Dukes, Red Dusk and the Morrow, 1922. ‘British operative briefly considers’: Service, Spies and Commissars, 147. ‘say with confidence’ to ‘Furious struggle’: speech in Moscow Soviet, 23 April 1918, CW XXVII, 292–293. ‘credentials formally’: diary entry 26 April 1918, Robien, 252. ‘thieving rabble of proles’: diplomatic report sent by Mirbach, 29 April 1918, Baumgart, 76. ‘socialist future!’ to ‘We’ll see’: report sent on 30 April 1918, 77–78. ‘advertising power’: ‘Political Report No. 3’, 12–26 January 1918, prepared by Felix Cole, US Consul in Archangel, USNA, RG84.800 Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State, Archangel, Vol. 14. For an overview of the activities of Felix Cole see Benjamin D. Rhodes, ‘A Prophet in the Russian Wilderness: The Mission of Consul Felix Cole at Archangel, 1917–1919’, Review of Politics, 46/3, 1984, 388–409. ‘suction pump’ to ‘Baghdad railroad’: ‘The Allies, Archangel and Siberia’, report by Felix Cole, 26 April 1918, USNA, RG84.877 Foreign Service Posts of the Department of State, Archangel, Vol. 18. ‘time is fast approaching’: cable from Francis to Washington, 13 April 1918, Rhodes, ‘Prophet in the Russian Wilderness’, 397. • THERESIENSTADT FORTRESS: Tim Butcher, The Trigger: The Hunt for Gavrilo Princip: The Assassin who Brought the World to War, 2014, 283. An account of Princip’s own view of his situation written by an Austrian, Dr Pappenheim, was published in German in 1926. • TOBOLSK: for this period of the Romanovs’ incarceration see Service, Last of the Tsars, 2017, 152–175. ‘rumours the Tsar’s daughter’: newspaper report 23 November 1917, ROM, 204. ‘the Tsar jokes’: Gilliard, 255. ‘last chance of escape’: 257–258. ‘the baggage’: Service, Last of the Tsars, 174. ‘Distraught’: Gilliard, 260–262. ‘I’d rather cut off’: Service, Last of the Tsars, 164. • MOSCOW: see Christina Lodder, ‘Lenin’s Plan for Monumental Propaganda’, in Matthew Cullerne Brown and Brandon Taylor (eds.), Art of the Soviets: Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in a One-Party State, 1917–1992, 1993, 16–32. • SPA: ‘taken away my will to live’ to ‘would gladly give up’: Nebelin, 423–424. ‘lieutenant visits Ludendorff’: Thaer, 192–198. • AMERICAN FRONT LINE: this account is drawn from Sammons and Morrow, 265–275. ‘great Day of Decision’: ‘Close Ranks’, The Crisis, July 1918. • CHELYABINSK: for the role of the Czechoslovak legion in this phase of the Russian civil war see Engelstein, 393–400. The description of conditions is drawn from Dalibor Vácha, ‘Tepluskas and Eshelons: Czechoslovak Legionaries on their Journey across Russia’, Czech Journal of Contemporary History, 1/1, 2013, 20–53. • NEW YORK: ‘well-wishers crowd’ and following: ‘President Leads Red Cross Parade’, New York Times, 19 May 1918. ‘insurance policy’ and ‘Woolworth Building’ : to the Hemingway family, 14 May 1918 and 17/18 May 1918, with latter addition, LEH I, 97–101. • CHELYABINSK: ‘telegram from Moscow’: For the relevant series of documents see Intervention, Civil War, and Communism in Russia, April–December 1918: Documents and materials, 1936 (ed. James Bunyan), 88–98. • THE WESTERN FRONT: ‘wish for peace?’: General Rees’s memoirs quoted in J. H. Johnson, 1918: The Unexpected Victory, 1997, 70–71. ‘discuss evacuating’: Stevenson, Cataclysm, 340. ‘city of the dead’: letter dated 28 May 1918, Edward Villiers Stanley, Paris 1918: The War Diary of the British Ambassador, the 17th Earl of Derby, 2001 (ed. David Dutton), 22. • PETROGRAD: letter to the workers of Petrograd, 22 May 1918, CW XXVII, 391–398.
Summer 1918
LINCOLN: ‘singing as we are now’: Darrell Figgis, A Second Chronicle of Jails, 1919, 58. ‘Back inside’ to end: Fanning, 67–68; and Coogan, De Valera, 112–121, including reference to Machiavelli at 118–121. • MADRID: for the origins of the Spanish naming of the flu, Ryan A. Davis, The Spanish Flu: Narrative and Cultural Identity in Spain, 1918, 2013. ‘El Liberal reports’: ibid., 44. ‘alarmist suggestions’: British Medical Journal, 1/2996, 1 June 1918, 623–628. ‘all the armies’: Anton Erkoreka, ‘Origins of the Spanish Influenza Pandemic (1918–1920) and its Relation to the First World War’, Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, 3/2, 2009, 190–194. • PARIS: ‘more money’: Ernest Hemingway, Ernest Hemingway, Cub Reporter: Kansas City Star Stories, 1970 (ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli), 10. ‘hot poppums’: to the Hemingway family, 3 June 1918, LEH I, 110. ‘wonderful time!!!’: to a friend at the Kansas City Star, 9 June 1918, LEH I, 112. • SAMARA: ‘Tsaritsyn’: Kotkin, 300–307. ‘Götterdämmerung’: report by Mirbach, 1 June 1918, Baumgart, 86–87. • VIENNA: ‘no relying on the supernatural’: to Ferenczi, 9 May 1918, FR/FER II, 281–282. ‘begging letter’: Charles to Wilhelm, 24 June 1918, GFA II, 218–219. • PERM: Crawford and Crawford, 353–363. • GIZAUCOURT: Noble Lee Sissle, ‘Memoirs of Lieutenant “Jim” Europe’, 167–170. • AHRENSHOOP: ‘like a crocodile’: to Max Born, 29 June 1918, CPAE VIIIB, 818–819. ‘nice last year’: from Hans-Albert Einstein, after 4 June 1918, CPAE X, 166–168. • PETROGRAD: ‘new rationing system is introduced’: Mary McAuley, Bread and Justice: State and Society in Petrograd, 1917–1922, 1991, 286. ‘so few one-legged’: ibid., 326. ‘no longer give a positive diagnosis’: report by Mirbach, 25 June 1918, Baumgart, 94–95. ‘details of the assassination plot are unclear’: for a conspiratorial reading see Yuri Felshtinsky, Lenin and his Comrades, 2010, 104–135; for a more straightforward version see Figes, 632–635. ‘appropriate German word to use’: Felshtinsky, 117. ‘broken glass’: ibid., 132. • FOSSALTA DI PIAVE: for a description of this episode see Meyers, Hemingway, 30–44. ‘Hemenway’: ‘3 Dead, 6 Hurt, 3 Missing, City’s Share of Glory’, Chicago Daily Tribune, 17 July 1918. ‘scrapbook’: from Anson T. Hemingway to Ernest Hemingway, EHC, 19 July 1918, Series 3, Box IC10, EHPP-IC10-048–007. ‘sometimes a letter every day’: letters from Agnes von Kurowsky, 1918 to 1922, EHC. ‘Austrian carbines’: to Hemingway family, 21 July 1918, LEH I, 117–119. • KARLSBAD: for Mustafa Kemal’s diary in Karlsbad see İnan, Ayşe Afet, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Karlsbad Hatıraları, 1999. • SPA: for the seque
nce of events from July see Stevenson, Cataclysm, 343–351; and Nick Lloyd, Hundred Days: The End of the Great War, 2014, 1–27. ‘Baedeker’: Karl Baedeker, Northern France from Belgium and the English Channel to the Loire excluding Paris and its Environs: Handbook for Travellers, 1909, 82. ‘several thousand tanks’: letter dated 20 July 1918, Thaer, 212–215. ‘blames his subordinates’: Nebelin, 438. • PRESSBURG: ‘all a dream?’: Brook-Shepherd, Last Habsburg, 167. ‘flour ration’ to ‘Suicides’: Rauchensteiner, 973. • EKATERINBURG: Service, Last of the Tsars, 254–257. • SPA: ‘quiet evening at headquarters’: diary entry 23 July 1918, Müller, Kaiser and his Court, 374. ‘shouldn’t have trusted that date’: Nebelin, 439. • PARIS: Le Matin, 6 July 1918, in Olivier Lahaie, ‘L’épidémie de grippe dite “espagnole” et sa perception par l’armée française (1918–1919)’, Revue historique des armées, 262, 2011, consulted at http://rha.revues.org/7163. • WÜLZBURG: escape narrative drawn from de Gaulle’s 1926 account as before. ‘been buried alive’ to ‘thick of it all along’: to Jeanne de Gaulle, 1 September 1918, CDG I, 421–422. • NEW YORK: ‘organisation he creates’: Constitution and Book of Laws, July 1918, MG I, 256–280. • MOSCOW: ‘list of individuals’: Vladimir Lenin, On Literature and Art, 1967, 205. ‘attics and dark rooms’: V. Tatlin, S. Dymshits-Tolstaia and John Bowlt, ‘Memorandum from the Visual Arts Section of the People’s Commissariat for Enlightenment to the Soviet of People’s Commissars: Project for the Organization of Competitions for Monuments to Distinguished Persons’, Design Issues, 1/2, 1984, 70–74, 73. • MILAN: ‘changes its masthead’: Bosworth, 101. ‘time for angels’: ‘Una Politica’, Il Popolo d’Italia, 23 February 1918, OO X, 342–343. • ACROSS RUSSIA: for an overview for this phase of the civil war see Figes, 555–588. For individual campaigns see Mawdsley and Engelstein. ‘one hundred known kulaks’: telegram from Lenin to Communists in Penza, 11 August 1918, Vladimir Lenin, The Unknown Lenin: From the Soviet Archive, 1996 (ed. Richard Pipes), 50. ‘committing a great crime’: telegram to A. Y. Minkin, 14 August 1918, CW XXXV, 352. ‘charlatans and fools’: Service, Trotsky, 223. ‘bloody reign of terror’: Kotkin, 300–307. • CROYDON: ‘wood-carved furniture’: Gilbert, World in Torment, 131. ‘ten times as many’: Hew Strachan, The First World War, 2014, 311. ‘sturdy lot’: Gilbert, World in Torment, 132. • VIENNA: ‘flowery prose’: the manifestos are reproduced in Giorgio Evangelisti, La Scrittura nel Vento: Gabriele D’Annunzio e il volo su Vienna. Immagini e documenti, 1999, 78–84. The rest of this book contains a wealth of other detail on the flight and those involved. ‘a few minutes’: ‘Italienische Flieger über Wien’, Die Neue Zeitung, 10 August 1918. ‘wonderfully theatrical’ to ‘our D’Annunzios?’: ‘Italienische Flieger über Wien’, Arbeiter-Zeitung, 10 August 1918. • MOSCOW: for the thesis of an inside job see Felshtinsky, 136–170; for alternative accounts, see Volkogonov, Lenin, 219–229; and Semion Lyandres, ‘The 1918 Attempt on the Life of Lenin: A New Look at the Evidence’, Slavic Review, 48/3, 1989, 432–448. For an eyewitness, see Gil, 13–26. ‘victory or death’: speech at the Mikhelson Works, 30 August 1918, CW XXVIII, 51–52. ‘buy a lemon’: Service, Lenin, 368. ‘What are we going to do?’: Krupskaya, Reminiscences, 480. ‘discreetly takes’: Sebestyen, 413. ‘What’s there to look at?’: Krupskaya, Reminiscences, 481. ‘Trotsky is telegrammed’: Service, Trotsky, 222. ‘turns his talents to propaganda’ to ‘skull’: Volkogonov, Lenin, 222. ‘apostle of the socialist revolution’ and ‘systematic terror’: Kotkin, 287. ‘prepare the terror’: Lenin, Unknown Lenin, 56. • FORT GIRONVILLE: ‘doing his duty in Paris’: Badger, Life is Ragtime, 192. ‘Pershing watches’ to ‘boys have done’: John J. Pershing, My Experiences in the Great War, Vol. 2, 1931, 266–273. ‘savours the victory’: ‘Great Force in Stroke’, New York Times, 13 September 1918. • MOSCOW: ‘Recovery proceeding excellently’: telegram to Trotsky, 6 September 1918, CW XXXV, 359. ‘no accident’: speech in Kazan, 12 September 18, TP I, 128–131. ‘Fewer highbrow articles’: ‘The Character of our Newspapers’, originally Pravda, 20 September 1918, CW XXVIII, 171–178. ‘furious note’: to Y. A. Berzin, V. V. Vorovsky and A. A. Joffe, 20 September 1918, CW XXXV, 362–363. ‘I reprimand you’: telegram to A. V. Lunacharsky, 18 September 1918, CW XXXV, 360. ‘pointed out a thousand times’: Sebestyen, 428. • AVESNES-SUR-HELPE: Wolfgang Foerster, Der Feldherr Ludendorff im Unglück: Eine Studie über seine seelische Haltung in der Endphase des ersten Weltkriegs, 1952, 72–79. • THE BRONX: for John Reed’s return to America see Homberger, 166–174. ‘hardrock blasters’: Reed, Education of John Reed, 177. • GORKI: Krupskaya, Reminiscences, 484–485. • BUDAPEST: for a general account see Jones, Freud, Vol. 2, 222–223. ‘Freud’s Cigar’: Kosztolányi Dezső, ‘Freud szivarja’, Pesti Napló, 1 October 1918. ‘only a handful of us’ to ‘come to this’: ‘Lines of Advance in Psycho-Analytic Therapy’, SE XVII, 158–168. ‘swimming in satisfaction’ to ‘better times approaching’: to Ferenczi, 30 September 1918, FR/FER II, 296. • BRESLAU: ‘socialism will be decreed’ to ‘direct influence’: ‘The Russian Revolution’, written in September 1918 and unpublished until 1928, Luxemburg, 281–311, particularly 306–308. ‘spineless jellyfish’ to ‘compelled to rebel?’: Rosa Luxemburg, ‘Die russische Tragödie’, Spartakusbrief, No. 11, September 1918. • SOFIA: ‘We’ve eaten shit’: Mango, 185. • SPA: Nebelin, 458–459. • THE WESTERN FRONT: ‘embalming fluid’: Alfred W. Crosby, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, 2003, 124. • MUNICH: for the Thule Society see Reginald Phelps, ‘“Before Hitler Came”: Thule Society and Germanen Orden’, Journal of Modern History, 35/3, 1963, 245–261. For an eyewitness account see Rudolf von Sebottendorf, Bevor Hitler Kam, 1934. For the complex of beliefs on which both the Thule Society and then the Nazi Party drew see Eric Kurlander, ‘Hitler’s Monsters: The Occult Roots of Nazism and the Emergence of the Nazi “Supernatural Imaginary”’, German History, 30/4, 528–549; and G. L. Mosse, ‘The Mystical Origins of National Socialism’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 22/1, 1961, 81–96. ‘bronze pins’: Sebottendorf, 52. ‘divining rods’: Phelps, ‘Before Hitler Came’, 251. ‘Race purity’ to ‘fertilised it with their blood’: Sebottendorf, 47.
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