“choose Barbie over baby dolls”: Rachel Beck, “Some Say No to Barbie, Try to Get Kids Hooked on Other Toys,” Associated Press, December 22, 1995.
“becoming a woman on a girl’s own terms”: Rose Apodaca Jones, “Cute. Real Cute,” Los Angeles Times, June 28, 1995.
“It’s about labeling”: Joanna Moorhead, “Girl Power Comes of Age,” The Guardian, October 24, 2007, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/24/gender.pop.
By presenting not as women but as girls: Gayle Wald, “Just a Girl? Rock Music, Feminism, and the Cultural Construction of Female Youth,” Signs 23, no. 3 (Spring 1998): 585–610, http://mus15teenpop.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/7/8/1678483/just_a_girl.pdf.
“created a weird intimacy”: Annie Zaleski, “Lisa Loeb Knew She’d Made It When She Heard Herself as Muzak,” VICE, October 13, 2014, https://noisey.vice.com/en_us/article/6xe77r/lisa-loeb-knew-shed-made-it-when-she-heard-herself-as-muzak.
“Everybody loved to buy into the true story”: Amy Finnerty, interview with the author, January 14, 2016.
“makes it OK to wear”: Maureen Sajbel, “Video Vogue; Singers Finding Some Designer Clothes Suitable,” Los Angeles Times, July 7, 1994.
“Tortoise-shell cat-eyes”: Joyce Saenz Harris, “Singer Lisa Loeb Takes Her Giant Leap in Stride,” Dallas Morning News, March 31, 1996.
“something endearing about her out-of-place-ness”: Kim France, “The Last Good Girl,” New York, September 11, 1995.
“bespectacled Loeb offered”: Margaret Talbot, “Little Women,” New Republic, January 1, 1996.
“It was so much chatter about her glasses”: Amy Finnerty, interview with the author, January 14, 2016.
“a new cultural dominant”: Wald, “Just a Girl?”
“It’s probably because I have glasses”: Lisa Loeb, “17 Questions,” Seventeen, April 1995.
“I’m very nearsighted”: Joyce Saenz Harris, “Lisa Loeb; After Instant Fame, She Hopes She’s Here to Stay,” Dallas Morning News, February 18, 1996.
“My glasses are a normal and real part of me”: Loeb, “17 Questions.”
“prove to everybody”: Kyle Anderson, “Lisa Loeb on Her New Album, the Science of Songwriting, ’90s Nostalgia, and the Importance of Desiring Baked Goods,” Entertainment Weekly, January 28, 2013, http://www.ew.com/article/2013/01/28/lisa-loeb-new-album-no-fairy-tale.
“We remain unconvinced there’s much there,”: Jim Sullivan, “The Year in Rock; The Music Section,” Boston Globe, December 23, 1994.
“not a great singer”: Stephen Holden, “Pop Music; Pop Briefs,” New York Times, November 5, 1995, http://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/05/arts/pop-music-pop-briefs-012190.html.
“girlish wail and tricky lyrics”: Stephen Holden, “Pop Review; From Out of Nowhere with So Much to Say,” New York Times, August 29, 1994, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/29/arts/pop-review-from-out-of-nowhere-with-so-much-to-say.html.
“I don’t know”: Lisa Loeb, interview with the author, September 2015.
“fail to gain much traction”: Lisa Loeb, “No Fairy Tale (Bonus Track Version),” iTunes, January 25, 2013, https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/no-fairy-tale-bonus-track/id585902356.
“What are we talking about sex for”: Steve Pond, “Pop/Jazz; Manufactured in Britain. Now Selling in America,” New York Times, February 16, 1997.
“I just thought they were the coolest band ever”: Claire Connors, interview with the author, July 2016.
“Even if this stuff gets out”: Maria Ricapito, “‘Girl’ Just Wants to Have Fun,” New York Times, December 28, 1997.
$75 million per year: Heidi Sherman, “Ginger Spice’s Departure Marks ‘End of The Beginning,’” Rolling Stone, June 2, 1998, http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/ginger-spices-departure-marks-end-of-the-beginning-19980602.
Cuddle Core: Jones, “Cute. Real Cute.”
“Love’s Baby Soft feminism”: Ricapito, “‘Girl’ Just Wants to Have Fun.”
“A lot of women can dress”: Jones, “Cute. Real Cute.”
“Us Girls”: Ricapito, “‘Girl’ Just Wants to Have Fun.”
“being modern, ageless and unfettered”: Ricapito, “‘Girl’ Just Wants to Have Fun.”
“smatterings of breathlessly excited”: Jonathan Bernstein, “Get Happy,” Spin, November 1996.
“petulant whining”: David Browne, “Tragic Kingdom,” Entertainment Weekly, August 2, 1996.
“a cross between Jessica Lange”: Mike Boehm, “The Certainty of No Doubt; Even as It Makes a Splash in the Home Pond, the Anaheim Band Knows to Take Naught for Granted,” Los Angeles Times, March 16, 1996.
“worthy of the rescue-me blankness”: Browne, “Tragic Kingdom.”
“the paragon of baremidriffed yumminess”: Bernstein, “Get Happy.”
“If it’s pretty, she wears it”: Bob Kurson, “Redoubtable; Success Sweet for ‘Girly-Girl,’” Chicago Sun-Times, August 9, 1996.
“I love makeup”: Bernstein, “Get Happy.”
Her mother stopped speaking to her: Jeff Apter, Gwen Stefani and No Doubt: Simple Kind of Life (London: Omnibus Press, 2007), 160.
“I don’t pay bills”: Bernstein, “Get Happy.”
“I forced Tony”: Bernstein, “Get Happy.”
ten million copies: “Gold and Platinum: No Doubt, Tragic Kingdom,” RIAA, accessed November 11, 2017, http://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=No+ Doubt&ti=Tragic+Kingdom#search_section.
“sex still sells”: Browne, “Tragic Kingdom.”
“recognized the muscle of girl power”: Seo, “Magazines for Teens Thrive as Numbers, Buying Power Grow.”
Children ages four to twelve commanded: Laura Liebeck, “Billions at Stake in Growing Kids Market,” DSN Retailing Today 33, no. 3 (February 7, 1994): 41.
teen girls spent $50 billion: Seo, “Magazines for Teens Thrive as Numbers, Buying Power Grow.”
“You are looking at the future of retail”: “Lisa Frank Captures Girls’ Hearts and Parents’ Money; Cleaning up in Pro Football Locker Rooms; Yo-Yo Phenomenon has its Ups and Downs,” Business Unusual, CNN, November 28, 1998.
“It’s almost as if they had radar: “Lisa Frank Captures Girls’ Hearts and Parents’ Money,” Business Unusual.
“catering exclusively to the whims”: “Lisa Frank Captures Girls’ Hearts and Parents’ Money,” Business Unusual.
the company agreed to pay a $30,000 fine: Federal Trade Commission, “Web Site Targeting Girls Settles FTC Privacy Charges,” news release, October 2, 2001, https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2001/10/web-sitetargeting-girls-settles-ftc-privacy-charges.
the clothing section: Liebeck, “Billions at Stake in Growing Kids Market.”
teen spending reached $122 billion: Seo, “Magazines for Teens Thrive as Numbers, Buying Power Grow.”
claimed that the ad was all about Girl Power: Michael McCarthy, “Women Say ‘No, No, No’ to Shampoo Ads; Ad Group Blasts ‘Insulting’ Spots,” USA Today, September 27, 2000.
created for girls empowered them: Patricia Talorico, “Oh Boy, Electronic Fun Is All Dolled Up; Playful Technology Shows Off Softer Side to Get Girls Talking,” USA Today, February 7, 2000.
92 percent—said they were worried: Liebeck, “Billions at Stake in Growing Kids Market.”
“An ideology based on consumerism”: Amy McClure, “Girl Power Ideology: A Sociological Analysis of Post-Feminist and Individualist Visions for Girls” (presentation, American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA, August 14, 2004).
“I think they’re totally ridiculous”: Karen Schoemer, “The Selling of Girl Power,” Newsweek, December 29, 1997.
“the pop sensation with an eleventh-grade education”: Steven Daly, “Britney Spears, Teen Queen,” Rolling Stone, March 29, 2011.
“created as a virgin to be deflowered”: Vanessa Grigoriadis, “The Tragedy of Britney Spears,” Rolling Stone, February 21, 2008.
The Guinness Book of World Records: “Angelina, Brad & Britney Set Guinness World Reco
rds,” Access Hollywood, September 15, 2008, http://www.accesshollywood.com/articles/angelina-brad-britney-set-guinness-world-records-65311/#c7uTBsvXzpDTDvsG.99.
“women now want to be Maxim babes”: Maureen Dowd, “What’s a Modern Girl To Do?” New York Times Magazine, October 30, 2005.
“Manolo Blahnik demographic”: Ashley Fetters, “The New Full-Frontal: Has Pubic Hair in America Gone Extinct?” Atlantic, December 13, 2011.
A 2016 study: T. S. Rowen et al., “Pubic Hair Grooming Prevalence and Motivation Among Women in the United States,” JAMA Dermatology 152, no. 10 (2016).
EPILOGUE
a total of 104 women: Jennifer E. Manning and Ida A. Brudnick, “Women in Congress, 1917–2016: Biographical and Committee Assignment Information, and Listings by State and Congress,” Congressional Research Service, November 7, 2016, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30261.pdf.
teen pregnancy, births, and abortion have plummeted: Guttmacher Institute, “U.S. Teen Pregnancy, Birth and Abortion Rates Reach the Lowest Levels in Almost Four Decades,” news release, April 5, 2016, https://www.guttmacher.org/news-release/2016/us-teen-pregnancy-birth-and-abortion-rates-reach-lowest-levels-almost-four-decades.
The US maternal mortality rate: M. F. MacDorman, E. Declercq, H. Cabral, and C. Morton, “Is the United States Maternal Mortality Rate Increasing? Disentangling Trends from Measurement Issues,” Obstetrics and Gynecology 128, no. 3 (2016).
early weeks postpartum—is rising: “Maternal Mortality Fell by Almost Half between 1990 and 2015,” UNICEF, February 2017, http://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/mater nal-mortality/.
Women were only 17 percent of writers: Martha M. Lauzen, “The Celluloid Ceiling: Behind-the-Scenes Employment of Women on the Top 100, 250, and 500 Films of 2016,” Center for the Study of Women in Television, 2017, http://womenintvfilm.sdsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016_Celluloid_Ceiling_Report.pdf.
More women work in television today: Martha M. Lauzen, “Boxed in 2015–16: Women on Screen and Behind the Scenes in Television,” Center for the Study of Women in Television, September 2016, http://womenintvfilm.sdsu.edu/files/2015-16-Boxed-In-Report.pdf.
Teen births have decreased markedly: “State Policies on Sex Education in Schools,” National Conference of State Legislatures, December 21, 2016, http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-policies-on-sex-education-in-schools.aspx.
Index
The pagination of this digital edition does not match the print edition from which the index was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your ebook reader’s search tools.
ABC News, 36, 74, 147, 234, 240
Abercrombie & Fitch, 302–3
abortion, 25, 58, 136, 306
Abramson, Jill, 66–67
abstinence-only sex education, 31–33, 42, 43, 47, 48
Academy Awards, 206, 226
Adelphi University, xiv
Adorable Dopes, 117–22
Adweek, 19
Aetna, 128, 129
Aguilera, Christina, 15
AIDS. See HIV/AIDS
Ailes, Roger, 84–85
Ain’t I a Woman (hooks), 181
“Ain’t 2 Proud 2 Beg” (song), 182
Air Force One, 46
Albright, Madeleine, xii, 141, 162–69
the audition, 162–64
background of, 164
grandmotherly persona of, 167–68
Kuko and cojones, 165–67
“special place in hell” comment of, 168–69
Alex, Michael, 69
All About (magazine), 38
Allen, Tim, 16
Alley, Kirstie, 76, 117–19, 301
Ally McBeal (TV series), 10, 118–22, 284
“Alpha Females Still Trail Adorable
Dopes” (Lauzen), 118–19
Amanda Woodward, 21–24
American Girl dolls, x, 276–78
American Idol (TV series), 286–87
American Music Awards (2004), 20
American Psychological Association (APA), 2–3
American Sociological Association, 297
Amy Fisher: My Story (Fisher), 228
Anderson, Gillian, 30
Anderson, Pamela, 13, 16–18, 292
anger. See also female anger
gender study, 193–94
Angola, land mines, 220
Angry Black Woman, 99, 181–83
“angry woman rockers,” 176–77. See also female anger
Anna Nicole Show, The (TV series), 19–20
anorexia, 9. See also eating disorders
Anthony, Susan B., 120
Apple, Fiona, 180, 212–16, 283, 292
Arenella, Peter, 240
Artemis, vii–viii
“Asking for It” (song), 199
Atlanta Falcons, 184
Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 186, 256
Augusta University, 207
“Baby One More Time” (song), 298–99
“bad girls,” 64, 171–94
Paula Cole, 171–76
Riot Grrrls, 176–81
Shannon Doherty, 188–92
TLC, 181–83, 186–90
bad mothers, 123–40
Courtney Love, 198–99
fathers’ rights and, 125–28
Marcia Clark, 123–25, 127–28
Murphy Brown, 136–40
welfare queens, 134–36
working-class women, 133–36
Zoë Baird and Nannygate, 128–33
Baird, Zoë, 128–33, 149, 158
Baiul, Oksana, 263–64
Baldwin, Alec, 155
Balk, Fairuza, 29
Ball, Lucille, 202
Ballads (album), 172
Baltimore Ravens, 245–46
Baltimore Sun, 94, 108, 189, 235
Barbie, 231, 277–78
Bardo, Robert John, 91
Barker, Meg-John, 105
Barneys New York, 290
Barr, Roseanne, 97, 133–34, 194–95, 201–3
Barrymore, Drew, 280
Bashir, Martin, 218–19, 220
“basic bitch,” viii
battered woman syndrome (BWS), 241–42
Bauer, Hilary, 262
Baywatch (TV series), 16
beauty ideals, 16–20
Beauty Myth, The (Wolf), 8–9
Beckham, Victoria “Posh Spice,” 286–89, 297–98
Behind the Music (documentary), 183
Bellerose, Jay, 173
Bergen, Candice, 95–97, 136–40, 194–95
Berklee College of Music, 282
Berlin Wall, 258
Bernard, Crystal, 6–7
Berry, Halle, 15
Beverly Hills, 90210 (TV series), 3–6, 8, 21–22, 24, 33, 34, 36, 188–92, 210
Bewitched (TV series), 27
Beyond the Double Bind (Jamieson), 92
Biden, Joe, 59–60, 61, 82, 146–47
Bikini Kill, 177, 180
Billboard Music Awards (1992), 189
Billy Goat Trail, 158
binging, 218–19. See also eating disorders
birth control, xii, 31–32
“bitch”
author’s first time called, vii
consumerism and, xv–xvi
definitions of, xii–xiv
etymology of, vii–viii
reclaiming the word, viii, xv–xvi
use in hip-hop, xiii–xv
Bitch (magazine), xv
“Bitch” (song), 180
Bitch (Wurtzel), xv
“bitch bias,” viii, xvi–xviii
bitchification, viii, xviii, 1–2
of Monica Lewinsky, 51–52, 73–74
“bitchify,” viii
Bitch Media, 180–81
“bitch slap,” 26, 189–0190
black dolls, 277
Black Feminist Thought (Collins), 135
Black Lives Matter, 307
black women’s anger, 181–83, 186–90
Blahnik, Manolo, 302
Blood Defens
e (Clark), 114
blow jobs, 46–49, 71
Blumenthal, Sidney, 65
Bobbitt, John Wayne, 231–35, 242
Bobbitt, Lorena, 231–36, 241–42
Bodies Under Siege (Favazza), 210
body ideals, 7–10
Anderson and Smith, 18–19
on Friends and Wings, 6–7
body image
of Anderson and Smith, 16–18
eating and negative, 7–10
of Monica Lewinsky, 74–76, 86
objectification theory, xv, 38–40, 222, 231, 278
“boss bitch,” viii
Bossypants (Fey), 154–55
Boston Globe, 131, 250, 265, 285
Boston Herald, 125
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 165
Bowman, Patricia, 63–64
Bowser, Yvette Lee, 100
Boxer, Barbara, 142
Boyz II Men, 183
Branch Davidians, 156–57
Brandeis University, 83
Bratmobile, 177
Braun, Carol Moseley, 142
Brazilian bikini wax, 301–2
breast augmentations, 17, 103
Brenda Walsh, 4–5, 21–22, 33, 188–89
Brickman, Lauren, 286, 288
Bright Red Scream, A (Strong), 211
Broad City (TV series), 96
Broadwell, Paula, 86
Brock, David, 81–82
Brooks, Meredith, xv, 180
Brothers to the Rescue aircraft, 1996 shootdown of, 166
Brown, Elsa Barkley, 68
Brown, Helen Gurley, 56
Brown, Lyn Mikel, 272, 275, 278
Brown, Melanie “Scary Spice,” 286–89, 297–98
Brown, Nicole, 236–41, 244
Brown, Ronald, 132
Brown, Tina, 199
Brown University, 282
Brubach, Holly, 13
Bruce, Tammy, 110
bubblegum unicorns, 294–97
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series), 27–28, 29
bulimia, 9, 218–19. See also eating disorders
Bullock, Sandra, 29
Bunton, Emma “Baby Spice,” 286–89, 297–98
Burke, John, 69
Burleigh, Nina, 46
Burstein, Nanette, 248–49, 252, 269
Bush, Barbara, 145, 147
Bush, George H. W., 44, 58, 68, 140, 142, 165, 202
Bush, Laura, 151
Bust (magazine), 288–89, 290
Buttafuoco, Joey, 226–30
Buttafuoco, Mary Jo, 227, 229
Calgary Fringe Festival, 268
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, 220–21
90s Bitch Page 35