Genius in the Shadows

by William Lanouette

  Crick, Francis. Life Itself, Its Origin and Nature. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981.

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  Dyke, Richard Wayne. Mr. Atomic Energy: Congressman Chet Holifield and Atomic Energy Affairs, 1945–1974. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

  Esterer, A. K. and L. A. Prophet of the Atomic Age: Leo Szilard. New York: Julian Messner, 1972.

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  Fleming, Donald, and Bernard Bailyn, eds. Perspectives in American History, vol.

  2. Lunenburg, VT: The Stinehour Press, 1968. In citations, this is referred to as Szilard’s “Reminiscences.”

  Freedman, Lawrence. The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.

  Friedrich, Otto. Before the Deluge. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.

  Frisch, O. R. Working with Atoms. New York: Basic Books, 1965.

  Gelwick, Richard. The Way of Discovery: An Introduction to the Thought of Michael Polanyi. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.

  Giovannitti, Len, and Fred Freed. The Decision to Drop the Bomb. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1965.

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  Gowing, Margaret. Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939–1945. London: Macmillan, 1964.

  Graetzer, Hans, and D. L., Anderson, eds. The Discovery of Nuclear Fission: A Documentary History. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971.

  Grodzins, Morton, and Eugene Rabinowitch, eds. The Atomic Age. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965.

  Groueff, Stephane. Manhattan Project: The Untold Story of the Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Bantam Books, 1968.

  Groves, Leslie R. Now It Can Be Told. New York: Harper & Row, 1962.

  Heisenberg, Werner. Physics and Beyond. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

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  Counsels of War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

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  Hewlett, Richard G., and Jack M. Holl. Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

  Hoagland, Mahlon. Discovery: The Search for DNA’s Secrets. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1981.

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  Inglis, David R. To End the Arms Race. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1985.

  International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigres 1933–1945, vol. 25, part 2. Munich: K. G. Saur, 1983.

  Irving, David. The German Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967.

  Isaacson, Walter, and Evan Thomas. The Wise Men. New York: Simon and Schuster (Touchstone), 1986.

  Jacob, François. The Statue Within. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1988.

  Jacobson, Harold, and Eric Stein. Diplomats, Scientists, and Politicians: The United States and the Nuclear Test Ban Negotiations. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1962.

  Janos, Andrew C, and William B. Slottman, eds. Revolution in Perspective: Essays on the Hungarian Soviet Republic. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1971.

  Jones, Vincent C. MANHATTAN: The Army and the Atomic Bomb. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1985.

  Judson, Horace Freeland. The Eighth Day of Creation. New York: Simon and Schuster (Touchstone), 1979.

  Jungk, Robert. Brighter Than a Thousand Suns. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1958.

  Kaplan, Fred. The Wizards of Armageddon. New York: Simon and Schuster (Touchstone), 1984.

  Kelman, Peter, and A. Harris Stone. Ernest Rutherford: Architect of the Atom. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

  Kevles, Daniel. The Physicists: The History of a Scientific Community in Modern America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978.

  Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

  Kurzman, Dan. Day of the Bomb: Countdown to Hiroshima. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1986.

  Kuznick, Peter J. Beyond the Laboratory: Scientists as Political Activists in 1930s America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

  Lamont, Lansing. Day of Trinity. New York: Atheneum, 1965.

  Lapp, Ralph E. The Weapons Culture. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969.

  Atoms and People. New York: Harper & Row, 1956.

  Libby, Leona Marshall. The Uranium People. New York: Crane Russak and Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1979.

  Lifton, Robert Jay, and Richard Falk. Indefensible Weapons. New York: Basic Books, 1982.

  MacPherson, Malcolm. Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, and the Race for the Atomic Bomb. New York: Dutton, 1986.

  Madách, Imre. The Tragedy of Man. Translated by J. C. W. Horne. Budapest: Corvina Press, 1963.

  McCagg, William O., Jr. Jewish Nobles and Geniuses in Modern Hungary. New York: Columbia University Press. 1986.

  Meyer, Henry Cord, ed. The Long Generation: Germany from Empire to Ruin, 1913–1945. New York: Walker and Company, 1973.

  Moore, Ruth. Niels Bohr. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1966.

  National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs: Leo Szilard. Vol. 40. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969.

  Nelkin, Dorothy. Technological Decisions and Democracy. London: Sage, 1977.

  Nicolson, Nigel. Diaries and Letters 1930–1939. New York: Atheneum, 1966.

  Perutz, Max. Is Science Necessary? Essays on Science and Scientists. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

  Pfau, Richard. No Sacrifice Too Great: The Life of Lewis L. Strauss. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1984.

  Platt, John Rader. The Step to Man. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1966.

  Powers, Thomas. Heisenberg’s War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.

  Rhodes, Richard. The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.

  Rotblat, Joseph. Scientists in the Quest for Peace—A History of the Pugwash Conference. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1972.

  , ed. Proceedings of the First Pugwash Conference on Science and World

  Affairs. London: The Pugwash Council, 1982.

  Sayen, Jamie. Einstein in America. New York: Crown Publishers, 1985.

  Schmitt, Francis O., ed. Biophysics—a New Discípline. MIT Press, 1959.

  Schonland, Basil. The Atomists (1805–1933). New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.

  Seaborg, Glenn T. The Transuranium Elements. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.

  Segrè, Emilio. Enrico Fermi: Phys
icist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

  Sherwin, Martin J. A World Destroyed: The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975.

  Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1960.

  Singh, Jagjit. Great Ideas in Information Theory, Language and Cybernetics. New York: Dover Publications, 1966.

  Smith, Alice K. A Peril and a Hope. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.

  A Peril and a Hope. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1970.

  Smyth, Henry DeWolf. Atomic Energy for Military Purposes: The Official Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb under the Auspices of the United States Government, 1940–1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1945.

  Stent, Gunther S., and Richard Calendar. Molecular Genetics., 2nd ed. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1978.

  Strauss, Lewis L. Men and Decisions. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962.

  Stuewer, Roger, ed. Nuclear Physics in Retrospect: Proceedings of a Symposium on the 1930s. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1979.

  Szilard, Leo. The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961; reissued by Stanford University Press, 1992.

  The Collected Works of Leo Szilard (Cambridge, MIT Press):

  Vol. I: Feld, Bernard T., and Gertrud Weiss Szilard, eds. The Collected Works of Leo Szilard: Scientific Papers. 1972.

  Vol. II: Weart, Spencer, and Gertrud Weiss Szilard, eds. Leo Szilard: His Version of the Facts. 1978.

  Vol. III: Hawkins, Helen, G. Allen Greb, and Gertrud Weiss Szilard, eds. Toward a Livable World. 1987.

  Teller, Edward, and A. Brown. Legacy of Hiroshima. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962.

  Energy from Heaven and Earth. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1979.

  Thomas, Lewis. The Youngest Science. New York: Viking Press, 1983. 1954.

  Ury, William L. Beyond the Hotline: How Crisis Control Can Prevent Nuclear War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1958.

  US Atomic Energy Commission. In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer. Hearing transcript. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1971.

  Wagner, Francis S. Hungarian Contributions to World Civilization. Center Square, PA: Alpha Publications, Inc., 1977.

  Eugene P. Wigner: An Architect of the Atomic Age. Epilogue by Edward Teller. Toronto, 1981.

  Watson, James D. The Double Helix. New York: New American Library, 1968.

  Weart, Spencer. Scientists in Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979.

  Nuclear Fear: A History of Images. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.

  Weeks, Mary E. Discovery of the Elements. Easton, PA: Chemical Education Publishing Co., 1968.

  Wells, H. G. The World Set Free. London: Macmillan, 1914.

  Wigner, Eugene, as told to Andrew Szanton. The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp. 1992.

  Williams, Robert C, and Philip L. Cantelon. The American Atom: A Documentary History of Nuclear Policies from the Discovery of Fission to the Present, 1939–1984. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984.

  Wilson, Jane, ed. All in Our Time: The Reminiscences of Twelve Nuclear Pioneers. Chicago: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1975.

  Wyden, Peter. Day One. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.

  York, Herbert F. The Advisors. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1976.

  RECENT PUBLICATIONS

  ARTICLES AND TALKS

  Dannen, Gene. “The Einstein-Szilard Refrigerators.” Scientific American, January 1997, 90-95.

  Frank, Tibor. “Ever Ready to Go: The Multiple Exiles of Leo Szilard,” Physics in Perspective 7 (2005): 204–252.

  Lanouette, William. “Leo Szilard: A Comic and Cosmic Wit.” A talk at the International Szilard Seminar, Leo Szilard Centenary Celebration, Eötvös University, Budapest, 9 February 1998. Published in Leo Szilard Centenary Volume. Budapest: Eotvos Physical Society, 1998, 103-108.

  _____, “Why We Dropped the Bomb.” Civilization (The Magazine of the Library of Congress) Vol. 2, No. 1 January/February 1995, 28-39. Reprinted in Annual Editions: World History, Volume II (Fourth Edition). Guilford, Connecticut: Brown & Benchmark 1996, 159-165.

  _____, “The science and politics of Leo Szilard, 1898-1964: evolution, revolution, or subversion?” Science and Public Policy, Vol. 33, No. 8, 613-617. October 2006.

  _____, “A Narrow Margin of Hope: Leo Szilard in the Founding Days of CARA.” [Council for Assisting Refugee Academics, formerly the Academic Assistance Council] Chapter 2 of IN DEFENCE OF LEARNING: The Plight, Persecution, and Placement of Academic Refugees, 1933-1980s. Proceedings of the British Academy 169. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 45-57.

  _____, “Civilian Control of Nuclear Weapons” Arms Control Today, May 2009 (Vol. 39, No. 4), pp. 45-48.

  _____, “The Manhattan Project and its Cold War Legacy” Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 20 February 2008. Podcast.

  _____, “The Odd Couple and the Bomb” Scientific American November 2000 (Vol. 283 No. 5), 86-91. Reprinted as “Fermi, Szilard und der erste Atomreaktor”Spektrum der Wissenschaft Januar 1 / 2001, 78-83; “La extrana pareja y la bomba” Investigacion y Ciencia Enero 2001, 18-23; “Bombowa Wspolpraca” Swiat Nauki Maj 2001, 70-75;. Japanese Edition of Scientific American February 2001 (Vol. 31, No. 2), 114-121.

  _____, “Reason and Circumstances of the Hiroshima Bomb” A talk about the US scientists’ struggle to control the A-bomb they had created, presented at a UNESCO Conference on World Cultural Heritage of the 20th Century “Modernity and Barbarism.” The Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany. 4 June 1999. Published as “Grunde und Hintergrunde des Bombenabwurfs auf Hiroshima” in Bauhaus und Brasilia, Auschwitz und Hiroshima. Weltkulturerbe des 20.Jahr-hunderts: Modernitat und Barbarei. (Edited by Walter Prigge, translated by Marie Neumullers) Berlin: Edition Bauhaus, Jovis Verlag, 2003, 187-195.

  Telegdi, Valentine. “Szilard as Inventor: Accelerators and More.” Physics Today 53 (10):25 (2000). (See also Gene Dannen letter, Physics Today 54, 3, 102 (2001).

  PAMPHLETS, THESES, AND REPORTS

  Boyer, Patrick. “Pugwash: Confronting the Peril of Nuclear Weapons.” Brace-bridge, ON: Canadian Shield Communications Corporation, 2006.

  Kelly, Cynthia C. and Robert S. Norris. “A Guide to Manhattan Projects Sites in Manhattan.” Washington, DC: The Atomic Heritage Foundation, 2008.

  BOOKS

  Alperovitz, Gar, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, and the architecture of an American myth. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.

  Balogh, Brian. Chain Reaction: Expert debate and public participation in American commercial nuclear power, 1945-1975. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

  Bergman, Jay. Meeting the Demands of Reason: The Life and Thought of Andrei Sakharov. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2009.

  Bird, Kai and Lawrence Lifschultz (eds.) Hiroshima’s Shadow: Writings on the Denial of History and the Smithsonian Controversy. Stony Creek, CT: The Pamphleteer’s Press, 1998.

  _____, and Martin J. Sherwin. American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.

  Brown, Andrew. The Neutron and the Bomb: A Biography of Sir James Chadwick. Oxford, New York, and Tokyo: Oxford University Press, 1997.

  _____. Keeper of the Nuclear Conscience: The Life and Work of Joseph Rotblat. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

  Conant, Jennet. Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science that Changed the Course of World War II. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002.

  Cooper, Ray M. (ed.) Refugee Scholars: Conversations with Tess Simpson .Leeds: Moorland Books, 1992.

  Fermi, Rachel and Esther Samra. Picturing the Bomb: Photographs from the Secret World of the Manhattan Project. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1995.

  Francis, Sybil, Burton C. Hacker, and Gabor Pallo. George Marx (ed.) The Martians: Hungarian Émigré Scientists and
the Technologies of Peace and War 1919-1989. Budapest: Eötvös University, 1997.

  Grandy, David A. Leo Szilard: Science as a Mode of Being (New York: University Press of America, Inc., 1996)

  Hargittai, Istvan. The Road to Stockholm: Nobel Prizes, Science, and Scientists. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

  _____, The Martians of Science: Five Physicists Who Changed the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

  _____, Judging Edward Teller: A Closer Look at One of the Most Influential Scientists of the Twentieth Century. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2010. (With an Afterword by Richard Garwin.)

  Herken, Gregg. Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2002.

  Hershberg, James. James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.

  Holloway, David. Stalin and the Bomb. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1994.

  Kelly, Cynthia C. (ed.) Remembering the Manhattan Project: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and its Legacy. Hackensack, NJ and Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2004.

  _____, (ed.) The Manhattan Project: The Birth of the Atomic Bomb in the Words of its Creators, Eyewitnesses, and Historians. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc., 2009.

  Lapp, Ralph E. My Life With Radiation: The Truth About Hiroshima. Madison, WI: Cogito Books, 1995.

  Lopez, George A. and Nancy J. Myers (eds.) Peace and Security: The Next Generation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1997.

  Marks, Shula, Paul Weindling and Laura Wintour. In Defence of Learning: The Plight, Persecution, and Placement of Academic Refugees 1933-1980s. London: The British Academy (by Oxford University Press), 2011.

  Marton, Kati. The Great Escape: Nine Jews Who Fled Hitler and Changed the World. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.

  Marx, György. Szilard Leo. Budapest, Akademiai Kiado, 1997. [In Hungarian]

  _____, The Voice of the Martians. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1997.

  _____, (ed.) Leo Szilard Centenary Volume. Budapest: Eötvös Physical Society, 1998.

  McMillan, Priscilla J. The Ruin of J. Robert Oppenheimer, and the Birth of the Modern Arms Race. New York: Viking, 2005.