Genius in the Shadows
Page 81
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Norris, Robert S. Racing for the Bomb: General Leslie R. Groves, the Manhattan Project’s Indispensable Man. South Royalton, VT: Steerforth Press, 2002.
Ottaviani, Jim, Janine Johnston, Steve Lieber, Vince Locke, Bernie Mireault, and Jeff Parker. Fallout: J. Robert Oppenheimer, Leo Szilard, and the Political Science of the Atomic Bomb. Ann Arbor, MI, 2001.
Perutz, Max. I Wish I’d Made You Angry Earlier. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Expanded Edition 2003.
Rhodes, Richard. Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.
Rowe, David E. and Robert Schulmann. Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism, Zionism, War, Peace, and the Bomb. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Seabrook, Jeremy. The Refuge and the Fortress: Britain and the flight from tyranny. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
Teller, Edward with Judith Shoolery. Memoirs: A Twentieth-Century Journey in Science and Politics. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2001.
Walker, J. Samuel. Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs Against Japan. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, Revised Edition 2004.
Watson, James D. Genes, Girls, and Gamow: After the Double Helix. New York: Vintage, 2003.
Index
ABC, 419, 462
Aberdeen Proving Ground, 217
Abranyi (tutor), 26
Academic Assistance Council (AAC), 123–127, 129, 131, 135, 142, 144, 149
Accelerators, 143, 144
Acheson, Dean, 366, 371
Acheson-Lilienthal Report, 366, 443
Adam, Isbert, 166
Adams, Ruth, 377, 434, 464, 492
Adams, Walter, 125
Adamson, Col. Keith F., 216, 217
Advisory Committee on Uranium, 216–218, 220, 226, 227, 359
Advisory Council of the S-1 Project, 237
Agnew, Harold, 321
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 337, 351, 404, 480
Alexander, Holmes, 489
Allen, Fred, 189
Allison, Samuel K., 245, 285, 288
Alsop, Stewart, 376
Alvarez, Luis W., 237
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 381, 411
American Humanist Association, 421
American Physical Society, 199, 292, 339
Americans United for World Organization, 304
Andersen, Hans Christian, 27
Anderson, Herbert L., 185, 192, 200, 223, 236, 237, 238, 242, 249, 253, 294, 300, 341, 385, 410
Angels Project, 466, 467, 470, 471, 473–475, 479
Anker, Herbert, 412
Anschluss, 172
Antiballistic missiles (ABMs), 383
Anticommunism, 355, 356
of Groves, 244
in Hungary, 54
Nazi, 119, 356
Arden House Conference to Plan a Strategy for Peace, 422
Arends, Leslie C., 299
Argonne National Laboratory, 317
Arms control, 267, 292, 294, 306, 308, 321, 323, 327, 332, 337, 363–384, 418, 420, 432, 437, 442, 443, 458, 472, 475, 478, 480, 488
Kennedy administration and, 453
Khrushchev and, 430, 453
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 443, 449, 450, 459
Army, US, 236, 247, 279, 280
Air Force, 304
Corps of Engineers, 240, 243, 245, 311
Arnold, James, 373
Ascent of Man, The (television series and book), 311
Asch, Sholem, 81
Associated Press, 366, 490
Association of German Scientists Abroad, 126
Association for Scientific Collaboration, 190, 193, 203, 214, 219
Atlantic Monthly, 366
Atomic bomb, 105, 138, 144, 180, 181, 185, 193, 206, 210, 221, 233, 234, 238, 269, 273, 280, 281, 308, 332, 368, 369
opposition of scientists to use of, 316
postwar control of, see Arms control Soviet, 286, 332, 373
testing of, 429
used on Japan, 447
See also Manhattan Project Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 292, 308, 329, 355, 356, 357, 359, 360, 362, 364, 373, 420, 444
Atomic Energy Control Conference, 290
Atomic Power (movie), 367
Atomic Scientists of Chicago, 289, 291, 293, 295, 386
Atomic Scientists of Los Alamos, 294 “Atoms for Peace,” 333, 337
Atoms for Peace Award, 361, 421, 422, 426, 490
Attlee, Clement, 302
Auger, Pierre, 254
Austria
economic collapse of, 104
German annexation of, 176
in World War I, 36, 59, 79, 372
Aydelotte, Frank, 372
Babbitt (Lewis), 72
Bagge, Erich, 198
Bamberger, Lisbeth, 468
Bambi (movie), 254
Bancroft, Anne, 463
Banks, T. E., 152
Bard, Ralph A., 271
Barnard, Chester, 290
Barnes, Sidney, 176, 177
Bartky, Walter, 267, 270
Baruch, Bernard M., 208
Baruch Plan, 367, 374
Baum, Vicki, 159
Bauroff, Claire, 77
Bay of Pigs invasion, 460
Beadle, George, 412
Beck, Anna, 489
Becquerel, Antoine Henri, 324
Beer Hall Putsch, 92
Beginning or the End, The (movie), 324, 367, 369
Belgian Congo, 206, 212, 213
Bellamy, Edward, 36
Bellevue Hospital, 172, 179
Bell Telephone Laboratories, 338
Benacerraf, Baruj, 412
Benton, William, 290, 292
Benzer, Seymour, 408, 482
Berlin, University of, 58, 71, 72, 79, 80, 91, 106, 139, 338
See also Friedrich-Wilhelm University Berlin blockade, 373
Berliner Zeitung am Mittag (newspaper), 82
Berlin Institute of Physics, 78, 198, 221
Berlin Technical Institute, 51, 54, 78, 128
Berlin Wall, 450, 451, 460
Bernstein, Barton J., 461
Bertani, Joe, 398
Bethe, Hans, 125, 156, 176, 228, 255, 294, 323, 330, 360, 364, 373, 379, 383, 420, 466
Beveridge, William, 122
Bevin, Ernest, 308
Bihaly, Lazislas, 87
Bingham, Eleanor, 462
Bingham, Sallie, 462
Bismarck, Otto von, 119
Blackett, Patrick M. S., 142
Blake, William, 254
Blakeslee, Howard W., 366
Blatter, Elias, 470
Blum, Walter, 341
Boas, Franz, 124
Boerne, Ludwig, 29
Bohlen, Charles, 423, 444
Bohr, Harald, 124
Bohr, Niels, 110, 123, 124, 135, 177, 183, 194, 197, 199, 294, 321, 365, 386
Bolsheviks, 40
Boltzmann, Ludwig, 65
Bonner, David M., 356
Borden, William L., 357
Borst, Lyle, 302
Bose, Satyendranath N., 95, 127
Boston Herald, 489
Bowles, Chester, 372, 433, 443, 449
Bragg, W. Lawrence, 198
Brailsford, H. N., 102
Brandeis University, 334, 347, 376, 404, 458
Brasch, Arno, 143, 152, 166, 168
Breeder reactor, 263, 266, 305, 338
Breit, Gregory, 156, 186, 226
Brennan, Donald G., 437
Brenner, Sydney, 408
Bresler, Simeon E., 423, 427
Briggs, Lyman J., 216, 222, 239
Brighter Than a Thousand Suns (book), 354
Brillouin, Leon, 67, 339
Britain
and atomic bomb, 308, 363
economic distress in, 118
&nb
sp; Ministry for the Co-ordination of Defence, 198
Britain and Atomic Energy, (Gowing), 319
British Admiralty, 161, 180, 185, 187
British Association for the Advancement of Science, 135
Bronowski, Jacob, 311, 484
Brookings Institution, 473
Brooks, Harvey, 470
Brown, Harrison, 323, 332, 361, 369, 370, 403
Brush Beryllium Company, 241
Brussels, University of, 125
Bryher, 76
Buber, Martin, 88
Budapest Academy of Fine Arts, 45
Budapest Institute of Technology, 9
Budapest Medical Association, 18
Budapest Technical University, 14, 39, 40, 43, 50, 55, 58
Buddenbrooks (Mann), 72
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 286, 323, 341, 359, 370, 418, 449, 456, 479
Bundy, McGeorge, 443, 446, 450, 453, 471, 479
Burdick, Quentin, 489
Busch, Wilhelm, 36
Bush, Vannevar, 227, 237, 271
Byrnes, James F., 270
Cahn, Albert, 271, 282
California, University of at Berkeley, 463
at San Diego, 409, 454, 477
at Santa Barbara, 488
California Institute of Technology, 156, 173, 387
Cambridge University, 163, 408
Cavendish Laboratory, 135, 146, 147, 151, 155, 157, 163, 186, 198
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, 379
Canada, uranium in, 212
Canfield, Cass, 407
Carnegie Institution of Washington, 156, 227, 258
Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM) of, 156, 166, 190, 194, 195, 186, 214, 217, 218
CBS, 414
Census Bureau, 290
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 355, 361, 445, 479
Chadwick, James, 136
Challenge of Man’s Future (Brown), 332, 403
Chalmers, Thomas A., 149
Chaplin, Charlie, 73, 81
Chase Bank, 353
Chase Safe Deposit Company, 108
Chazov, Evgeni, 494
Chemostat, 389, 394–396, 399
Cherwell, Lord, see Lindemann, Frederick A. Chicago, University of, 236, 291, 359, 459
Institute for Nuclear Studies, 288, 360, 410
Metallurgical Laboratory, 238, 246, 266, 276, 385
Chicago Sun, 293
Chicago Tribune, 288
Childs, Marquis, 421
China, 332, 351, 377, 382, 383, 437, 446
Japanese invasion of, 145
in Korean War, 374
United States and, 332, 351
Chou Pei-yuan, 436
Christian Science Monitor, 463
Church, Frank, 472
Churchill, Winston, 277, 312
Clark, Joseph, 472
Clark, Ronald W., 88
Clark, Thomas C., 371
Clausius, Rudolf, 63
Clayton, William L., 271
Close Up (magazine), 76
Club of Rome, 333
Coatesworth, Janet, 208
Cobalt bomb, 323, 373
Cochrane, Miss, 28
Cockcroft, John D., 136
Coffin, Tristram, 479
Cohn, Melvin, 397, 408, 481
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 388
Cold war, 264, 313, 329, 356, 424, 436, 438, 460
Cole, K. C., 240
Collège de France, 170
Colorado, University of, 353
Medical School, 327, 344, 404, 440
Columbia University, 67, 124, 155, 167, 172, 173, 177, 179, 220, 229, 230, 236, 237, 279, 339, 341, 399, 447
Law School, 470
Medical School, 240
Commerce Department, US, 217
Commonweal, 462
Communists, 49, 92, 118, 119, 313, 361, 365, 382
Chinese, 451
in Egypt, 382
German, 81, 118
Hungarian, 49
Soviet, 451
See also Anticommunism Compton, Arthur Holly, 234–236, 293
Compton, Karl T., 208, 215, 271
Compton effect, 86, 95
Conant, James B., 237, 252
Condon, Edward U., 156
Congress, US, 214, 294
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 357, 359
Congressional Record, 301, 449
Connelly, Matthew J., 271
Conservation Foundation, 345, 400, 403, 407
Constitution, US, 370
Cornell University, 488
Coryell, Charles D., 244, 264, 296, 436
Council for a Livable World, 375, 463, 465, 478, 495, 500, 502, 503
Cousins, Norman, 291, 505
Cox, Richard T., 108
Creutz, Edward, 242, 338, 505
Crick, Francis, 482, 505
Cronyn, Hume, 369
Crosby, Ashton, 489
Cuba, Bay of Pigs invasion of, 460
Cuban Missile Crisis, 455, 458
Cunningham, Burris, 242
Curie, Marie, 324, 325
Cybernetics, see Information theory Cyclotron, 105, 156, 176, 177, 201, 229, 325, 357
Czechoslovakia, 44
German annexation of, 176
uranium in, 193
Dacca University, 127
Daedalus, or Science and the Future (Haldane), 110, 386
Daily Worker, 329, 359
Daniels, Farrington, 279, 316, 444
Danos, Alice Eppinger, 491
Danos, Theodor, 75, 116, 117
Darkness at Noon (Koestler), 82
Davis, Bernard, 337, 353, 398, 402
Davis, Watson, 297
Debye, Peter, 221, 222
Decision to Drop the Bomb, The (Giovannitti and Freed), 319
de Gaulle, Charles, 471
deKruif, Paul Henry, 109, 386
Delbrück, Max, 110, 387, 398, 446
Democratic party, 333
dePeyer, Jean, 158, 159
Dessauer, G., 240
Detre, Roland, 98, 160, 170
Detre, Rose Szilard, 16, 18–20, 23, 26, 28, 32, 34, 35, 45, 71, 73, 82, 96, 98, 99, 170, 352, 491
Diebner, Kurt, 198
Dirac, Paul, 92, 110, 156
Discussions with Myself (Auger), 254
Dobrynin, Anatoly, 466, 470
Dr. Strangelove (movie), 323
Dr. Zhivago (Pasternak), 439
Doering, William, 400, 407, 416, 464
Donnan, Frederick G., 124
Doolittle, Hilda (H. D.), 76
Doolittle, Perdita, 76
Dostoyevsky, Feodor, 72
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 304
Doyle, Arthur Conan, 36
Dresel, Else, 56
Dual Monarchy, 44
Duffus, Rufus L., 366
Dulbecco, Renato, 398, 408
Dulles, Allen W., 361
Dulles, John Foster, 376
Dunning, John, 177, 184, 185
Du Pont Corporation, 245
Dyson, Freeman, 466, 485
Eaton, Cyrus, 376, 427, 433, 449
Eckart, Carl, 66
Edsall, John T., 379
Egypt, 125, 382
Ehrenfest, Paul, 129
Einstein, Albert, 59, 75, 106, 119, 144, 153, 204, 208, 214, 221, 267, 283, 292, 324, 337, 351, 367, 371, 404, 421, 480
and arms control, 294, 365–368, 371
in Belgium, 119, 122
in Berlin, 59, 72, 84–89
and bombing of Hiroshima, 283
death of, 351
and Hitler’s rise to power, 119
letters to Roosevelt, 207–208, 211–213, 268–269
in Paris, 254
at Princeton, 155
Eisenhart, L. P., 107
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 333
Eldorado Radium Corporation, 190
Elsasser, Walter, 160
Electromagnetic pump, 75, 87, 88, 96, 113, 241
Electron microscope, 97, 98, 104
El
ston, Charles H., 299
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists (ECAS), 351, 366, 462
Emerson, Thomas I., 303, 445
Entropy, 63–68, 99, 145, 338, 339, 483
Eppinger, Alice, see Danos, Alice Eppinger Esau, Abraham, 198
Espionage Act, 261, 286, 304, 375
Ethics (Spinoza), 88
European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), 469
European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), 473
Farley, Philip J., 433
Farmer’s Union, 464
Faust (Goethe), 24
Feasibility sets, 80
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 230, 320
Federal Reserve Bank, 290
Federation of American Scientists, 301, 369, 464
Federation of Atomic Scientists (FAS), 301, 305, 363, 369
Fejer, Elizabeth, see Silard, Elizabeth Fejer Feld, Bernard T., 187, 231, 296, 464
Feltrinelli, Giangiacomo, 352, 438
Feltrinelli, Inge, 438
Fermi, Enrico, 105, 150, 162, 169, 180, 183, 200, 220, 229, 236, 253, 271, 288, 311, 321, 336, 341, 351, 364, 410, 487, 494
in Manhattan Project, 316, 385, 463
Fermi, Laura, 180
Fermi effect, 150, 164
Fisher, Adrian, 449
Fisher, Roger, 459, 473
Fisher, Ronald Aylmer, 65
Fisk, James, 470
Fission, 163, 180, 183–194, 196, 198, 201, 203, 205, 214, 217, 220–235, 240, 277
Flügge, Siegfried, 198, 204
Foldes, Jolan, 167
Forbes, Allan, Jr., 462
Ford, Gerald, 392
Ford, Henry, 371
Ford Foundation, 332, 356, 404, 407
Foreign Affairs (magazine), 423
Foreign Policy Association, 369
Fortas, Abe, 372
Foster, William C., 428, 443, 449
Fowler, Prof. Ralph, 147
Fox, Maurice, 339, 353, 402, 412, 462
Fox, William, 291
Franck, James, 59, 124, 244, 275, 289, 322, 447, 448
Frankel, Felix, 55
Frankfurt, University of, 91
Frankfurter, Felix, 372
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 36
French Revolution, 36
Freund, Emil, 34, 35
Freund, Mizzi Gebhardt, 34
Friedman, Milton, 326
Friedrich-Wilhelm University, 58
See also Berlin, University of Frisch, Otto, 183, 197
Fuchs, Klaus, 420
Fulbright, J. William, 472
Gabor, Dennis, 61, 97
Galilei Circle, 45, 46, 49, 80, 121
Game theory, 61
Gamow, George, 156
Gandhi, Mohandas K., 479
Garnett, Maxwell, 146
Garwin, Richard, 469, 495
Gell-Mann, Murray, 474
General Atomics (GA), 338, 411, 477, 487
General Electric, 87, 173, 265
General Electric (U.K.), 142, 143, 144
General Electric of Germany (AEG), 87, 104, 106
George, Henry, 36, 46