Russian Sideshow
Page 40
13. NADC, Navy Logs of the Chester and Galveston, RG 24.
14. Goldhurst, War, 192; Wilson, Antics, n.p.
15. Wilson, Antics, n.p.
16. Wilson, Antics, n.p.
17. USAMHI, Edward MacMorland Papers, Edward MacMorland, letter to his wife, May 18, 1919.
18. Wilson, Antics, n.p. In 1919, the bodies of the three railroad men killed in North Russia were returned to the United States with the bodies of the dead of the 339th.
19. Wilson, Antics, n.p.
20. Wilson, “Yank,” 46.
21. Dennis Gordon, Quartered in Hell (Missoula, Mont.: Doughboy Historical Society, 1982), 287.
22. MacMorland, “Railroading,” 426.
23. MacMorland, “Railroading,” 426.
Chapter 13
1. University of Michigan, Bentley Historical Library (UMBHL), Roger Crownover, “Stranded in Russia,” Michigan History (January–February 1999): 40.
2. David S. Fogelsong, America’s Secret War against Bolshevism (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 228.
3. Edmund Ironside, Archangel: 1918–1919 (London: Constable and Co., 1953), 123–125.
4. Robert Jackson, At War with the Bolsheviks (London: Tom Stacey, 1972), 172.
5. Jackson, At War, 151–152; National Archives, Washington, D.C. (NADC), “Re-Enforcements and Withdrawals,” Naval Records, RG 45.
6. One of the tanks still remains in Archangel, sitting on the sidewalk of a main street outside a group of small shops.
7. Donald E. Carey, Fighting the Bolsheviks (Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1997), 194.
8. Carey, Fighting, 198.
9. Carey, Fighting, 201.
10. Ironside, Archangel, 150.
11. Dennis Gordon, Quartered in Hell (Missoula, Mont.: Doughboy Historical Society, 1982), 225.
12. UMBHL, Edwin Arkins, Journal.
13. Joel R. Moore, Harry H. Meade, and Lewis Jahns, The History of the American Expedition: Fighting the Bolsheviki (Detroit: Doughboy Publishing Co., 1920), 296.
14. E. M. Halliday, The Ignorant Armies (New York: Harper, 1960), 244.
15. Ironside, Archangel, 168.
16. Ironside, Archangel, 169.
17. Ironside, Archangel, 176–177.
18. Ironside, Archangel, 186–187.
19. Vladislav Goldin, “The Russian Revolution and the North,” International Politics (December 1996).
20. Eugenie Fraser, The House by the Dvina (New York: Walker and Co., 1984), 232.
21. Map of North Russia, Murmansk City Museum, Murmansk, Russia.
22. Fraser, House, 272.
23. George Kennan, Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1960), 90.
24. Ralph Albertson, Fighting without a War (New York: Harcourt Brace and Howe, 1920), 74.
25. Carey, Fighting, 223.
26. Stanley Bozich and John Bozich, Detroit’s Own Polar Bears (Frankenmuth, Mich.: Polar Bear Publishing Co., 1985), 106–145.
27. UMBHL, Henry Katz Collection, “Short Summary of Activities of Medical Personnel with First Battalion 339th Infantry,” RG 120.
28. UMBHL, James B. Sibley Collection, Grand Rapids Press, undated.
29. American Monuments Battlefield Commission, Washington, D.C.
30. Herbert M. Mason, Jr. “Mission to North Russia,” VFW Magazine (April 1999): 12–16.
31. UMBHL, Hugo Salchow Collection.
32. Moore, Meade, and Jahns, History, 134.
Chapter 15
1. Christopher Dobson and John Miller, The Day They Almost Bombed Moscow (New York: Atheneum, 1986), 69.
2. Wisconsin Historical Society (WHS), Joe Michael Feist, ed., “Railways and Politics: The Russian Diary of George Gibbs, 1917,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Spring 1979): 196.
3. Richard Goldhurst, The Midnight War: The American Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920 (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1978), 88.
4. Edith Faulstich, Siberian Sojourn (Yonkers, N.Y.: Edith Faulstich, 1972) 47.
5. John White, The Siberian Intervention (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1950), 147.
6. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Brunner Papers.
7. Faulstich, Sojourn, 55.
8. Faulstich, Sojourn, 61.
9. Faulstich, Sojourn, 66.
10. WHS, Joe Michael Feist, ed., “A Wisconsin Man in the Russian Railway Service Corps: Letters of Fayette W. Keeler, 1918–1919,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Vol. 62, No. 3 (Spring 1979): 221.
11. WHS, “Wisconsin Man,” 221.
12. WHS, “Wisconsin Man,” 228.
13. Faulstich, Sojourn, 90–92.
14. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), 50.
15. Faulstich, Sojourn, 109.
16. Faulstich, Sojourn, 110.
17. Graves, Adventure, 52–53.
18. WHS, “Wisconsin Man,” 229.
19. WHS, “Wisconsin Man,” 243.
20. After the war, and as late as 1972, efforts were made to include these men as veterans with the rights afforded other WWI veterans; however, as their numbers dwindled with death, less effort was made. In 1971 there were only 30 of the 300 still living. Finally, in 1973, a U.S. Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the surviving RRSC veterans.
Chapter 16
1. U.S. Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, David R. Opperman, “Army Transports and Navy Warships Participating in the Siberian Intervention,” January 5, 1984.
2. National Archives, Washington, D.C. (NADC), Log of the USS Brooklyn, April 5, 1918, Naval Records, RG 24.
3. NADC, Log of the USS Brooklyn, May 30, 1918, Naval Records, RG 24.
4. NADC, Log of the USS Brooklyn, June 29, 1918, Naval Records, RG 24.
5. NADC, Log of the USS Brooklyn, June 29, 1918, Naval Records, RG 24.
6. NADC, Log of the USS Brooklyn, June 29, 1918, Naval Records, RG 24.
7. NADC, Cablegram, Flag, Vladivostok to Secnav, Washington, July 3, 1919, RG 45.
8. NADC, Log of the USS Brooklyn. July 2–26, 1918, Naval Records, RG 24.
9. NADC, Cablegram, Flag, Vladivostok to Secnav, Washington, July 15, 1918, Naval Records, RG 45.
10. NADC, Log of the USS Brooklyn, July 6, 1918, Naval Records, RG 24.
Chapter 17
1. Richard Goldhurst, The Midnight War: The American Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), 77.
2. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), 2.
3. Graves, Adventure, 4
4. Graves, Adventure, 8.
5. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), Philippine Department Telegrams, August 6 and 12, 1918, RG 135.
6. George A. Hunt, History of the Twenty-Seventh U.S. Infantry (Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin, 1931), 49.
7. NACP, Laurance B. Packard, “An Account of the American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia, August 1918 to March 1919,” 7, AEFS, RG 395.
8. Graves, Adventure, 36.
9. Graves, Adventure, 36.
10. Roberts later became famous as a novelist; he wrote Northwest Passage, Lydia Bailey, and other famous books.
11. Kenneth Roberts, I Wanted to Write (Garden City, N.J.: Doubleday and Co., 1949), 76.
12. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Edith Faulstich Collection, Military folder, “Organizations that Served in American Forces in Siberia with Dates of Arrival in and Departure from Siberia,” Box 9.
13. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Samuel Johnson file, Florence Johnson, “Some Notes on the Life of Col. Samuel Johnson,” Box 8.
14. Roberts, Write, 86.
15. Roberts, Write, 86.
16. Roberts, Write, 88.
17. Records indicate that courts-martial were held in Vladivostok for at least three officers; two were found guilty, but sentences were not revealed.
18. HIWRP, Ed
ith Faulstich Collection, Rodney S. Sprigg file, Rodney S. Sprigg Manuscript, 35, Box 21.
19. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Military folder, Box 9.
20. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Military folder, “Organizations That Served in American Forces in Siberia,” Box 9.
21. Packard, “Account,” 8, AEFS, RG 395.
22. NACP, “Memorandum, Expedition to Vladivostok,” July 6, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.
Chapter 18
1. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), 58.
2. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), Laurance B. Packard, “An Account of the American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia, August 1918 to March 1919,” 13, AEFS, RG 395.
3. Richard Goldhurst, The Midnight War—The American Intervention in Russia 1918–1920 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), 74.
4. In North Russia, just four days before, Seaman Perschke had received the first wound in that campaign. U.S. Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), Millard S. Curtis Papers, “History of the 27th Infantry Regiment,” unpublished.
5. Goldhurst, War, 74.
6. Goldhurst, War, 74.
7. Edith Faulstich, Siberian Sojourn, Vol. 2 (Yonkers, N.Y.: Edith Faulstich, 1977), 64.
8. Graves, Adventure, 62.
9. Packard, “Account,” 8, AEFS, RG 395.
10. Packard, “Account,” 33, AEFS, RG 395.
11. Faulstich, Sojourn, Vol. 2, 101.
12. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Edith Faulstich Collection, George Billick Papers, Box 16.
13. Faulstich, Sojourn, Vol. 2, 114–115.
14. George A. Hunt, History of the Twenty-Seventh U.S. Infantry (Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin, 1931), 53.
15. Packard, “Account,” 56, AEFS, RG 395.
16. Hunt, History, 55.
17. Hunt, History, 55.
18. Packard, “Account,” 22, AEFS, RG 395.
19. Packard, “Account,” 59, AEFS, RG 395.
Chapter 19
1. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), Laurance B. Packard, “An Account of the American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia, August 1918 to March 1919,” 66, AEFS, RG 395.
2. Richard O’Conner, “Yanks in Siberia,” American Heritage, Volume 25, No. 5 (August 1974): 15.
3. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), 63.
4. Graves, Adventure, 57.
5. Graves, Adventure, 59.
6. NACP, William S. Graves, “Report on Operations of the AEFS to June 30, 1919,” September 25, 1919, 7, AEFS, RG 395.
7. Graves, “Report,” 7.
8. Graves, “Report,” 8.
9. Graves, Adventure, 289.
10. Sylvian G. Kindall, American Soldiers in Siberia (New York: Richard R. Smith, 1945), 19.
11. Packard, “Account,” 96.
12. Packard, “Account,” 95.
13. Graves, Adventure, 57.
14. Packard, “Account,” 51.
15. Graves, Adventure, 24–25.
16. Graves, “Report,” 3.
17. Graves, Adventure, 89–90.
18. U.S. Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), Millard S. Curtis Papers, “History of the 31st Infantry Regiment,” 14.
19. Graves, “Report,” 11.
20. Elsa Brandstrom, Among Prisoners of War in Russia and Siberia (London: Hutchinson and Co., 1929), 261.
21. Kindall, Soldiers, 28–29.
22. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Goles Rodini Newspaper, January 2, 1920; Brandstrom, Prisoners, 259.
23. Edith Faulstich, Siberian Sojourn, Vol. 2 (Yonkers, N.Y.: Edith Faulstich, 1977), 81.
24. Graves, Adventure, 127.
25. Faulstich, Sojourn, 81.
26. Packard, “Account,” 106.
27. Packard, “Account,” 106–107.
28. Packard, “Account,” 111.
29. Packard, “Account,” 115.
30. Graves, Adventure, 136.
31. George A. Hunt, History of the Twenty-Seventh U.S. Infantry (Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin, 1931), 59–60.
32. Graves, Adventure, 144.
33. Betty Miller Unterberger, America’s Siberian Expedition, 1918–1920: A Study of National Policy (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1956), 104.
34. Graves, Adventure, 214.
35. Graves, Adventure, 143–144.
36. NACP, “Memorandum from Graves to the Adjutant General,” October 31, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.
37. Graves, Adventure, 64.
38. NACP, “Intelligence Officer David Barrows to Chief of Staff,” October 23, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.
39. Graves, Adventure, 90–91.
40. NACP, Message from Colonel Sargent to Commanding Officer, 2d Battalion, 31st Infantry, Spasskoye, October 16, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.
41. NACP, K. Otani to Graves, November 21, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.
42. NACP, Chief of Staff of the 18th Division to Commander 27th Infantry, undated, AEFS, RG 395.
43. Kindall, Soldiers, 163.
44. Graves, Adventure, 154.
45. Graves, Adventure, 155–156.
46. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Suchan Mines folder, Eichelberger to his wife, April 23, 1919, Box 14.
47. USAMHI, Virginia Cooper Westall Collection, “Recollections of Robert L. Eichelberger.”
Chapter 20
1. Richard Goldhurst, The Midnight War: The American Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), 78.
2. U.S. Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Director, 2d Year Class, Command and General Staff School, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, “A Study of the Supply of the 31st Infantry, AEF.”
3. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Elliott Reynolds Collection, Elliott Reynolds to Miss Sutcliff, December 30, 1918.
4. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Rodney S. Sprigg folder, Rodney Sprigg to his wife, March 3, 1919.
5. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, International Military Police folder, Box 7.
6. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Rodney S. Sprigg folder, Rodney Sprigg to his wife, March 3, 1919.
7. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Samuel Johnson folder, Box 8.
8. HIWRP, Sprigg Collection.
9. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Richardson folder, Letter, Sam Richardson to Joseph Longuevan, February 13, 1973.
10. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Director, 2d Year Class, Command and General Staff School, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, “A Study of the Supply of the 31st Infantry, AEF.”
11. HIWRP, Elliott Reynolds Collection, Elliott Reynolds to Miss Sutcliff, December 30, 1918.
12. Kenneth Roberts, I Wanted to Write (Garden City, N.J.: Doubleday and Co., 1949), 111.
13. Roberts, Write, 115.
14. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Military folder, Box 9.
15. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, “From Here and There with the 31st,” February 22, 1919, Box 6.
16. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Entertainment folder, Box 6.
17. Author’s collection, Gail Berg Reitzel, “Shifting Scenes in Siberia,” unpublished journal.
18. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Russell Swihart, “German Prisoners of War in Siberia,” Box 1.
19. HIWRP, “From Here and There with the 31st,” February 22, 1919, Kinslingbury Collection.
20. USAMHI, James Loughran, World War I Survey.
21. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Charles Maxwell Papers, Box 21.
22. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Entertainment folder, Box 6.
23. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), James S. Wilson, “Medical History of the Siberian Expedition August 1918–June 1919,” AEFS, RG 395.
24. HIWRP, Ernest Hoskins Collection, “In the Service of the U.S. Navy,” unpublished memoir.
25. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Naval folder, Box 9.
/> 26. NACP, Sidney Graves, “Report on Operations of HMS Kent and InterAllied Committee,” May 17, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.
27. Graves, “Report,” AEFS, RG 395.
28. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), xiv.
29. Graves, Adventure, 98.
30. Graves, Adventure, 189.
31. In a telegram, dated January 4, 1920, an intelligence summary from Eichelberger stated: “Colonel Wickham, the head of the British Mission, informed me that on the day that General Knox left for England he telegraphed his Government that Bolshevism was sure to come to Vladivostok. He stated further that the support given by the British Government to Admiral Kolchak has been the most disgraceful page in British History. . . . Colonel Wickham further stated that the Commanding General of the American Expeditionary Forces had long ago gained the correct view point of the Siberian situation.”
32. NACP, Cablegram, Graves to AGWAR, Washington, November 21, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.
33. Carl Ackerman, Trailing the Bolsheviki (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1919), 189.
34. Roberts, Write, 101.
35. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, William H. Johnson folder, William Johnson to his sister, February 12, 1919, Edith Box 19.
36. HIWRP, Elena Varneck, Translation of The Closing of the Echo, by Hector Boon, Box 1.
37. HIWRP, Elena Varneck, Translation of “The Death of a Newspaper,” September 18, 1919, Box 1.
38. USAMHI, Joseph Ahearn Papers.
39. USAMHI, Millard S. Curtis Papers, “History of the 27th Infantry Regiment,” unpublished.
40. George A. Hunt, History of the Twenty-Seventh U.S. Infantry (Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin, 1931), 58.
41. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Here and There, 31st Infantry newspaper, June 5, 1919, Spasskoye folder, Box 13.
42. Sylvian G. Kindall, American Soldiers in Siberia (New York: Richard R. Smith, 1945), 186.
43. Kindall, Soldiers, 185–186.
44. Kindall, Soldiers, 193–194.
45. NACP, Laurance B. Packard, “An Account of the American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia, August 1918 to March 1919,” 45, AEFS, RG 395.