Russian Sideshow

by Robert L Willett

46. Peyton C. March, The Nation at War (Garden City, N.J.: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1932), 132.

  Chapter 21

  1. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), William S. Graves, “Report to the Adjutant General of the Army, Operations to June 30, 1919,” May 26, 1920, 15–18, AEFS, RG 395.

  2. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), 178.

  3. Graves, Adventure, 182.

  4. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Benjamin O. Johnson Collection, B. O. Johnson to H. H. Fisher, May 19, 1931.

  5. Sylvian G. Kindall, American Soldiers in Siberia (New York: Richard R. Smith, 1945), 199.

  6. Graves, “Report,” 17–18.

  7. NACP, “Proclamation of the Field Staff of the Partizan Detachment of Olga County,” May 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  8. U.S. Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), “History of the 27th Infantry Regiment,” unpublished, 1922.

  9. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Pat O’Dea memoir, Entertainment folder, Box 6.

  10. NACP, Robert L. Eichelberger, Intelligence Report, May 17, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  11. NACP, Intelligence Summary No. 199, June 13, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  12. NACP, Telegram #282, Morrow to Vladivostok, May 25, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  13. NACP, “Report of Operations of the 27th Infantry, from January 1, 1919 to June 30, 1919,” May 26, 1920, AEFS, RG 395.

  14. George A. Hunt, History of the Twenty-Seventh U.S. Infantry (Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin, 1931), 72.

  15. Graves, Adventure, 254–255.

  16. NACP, Medical Officer’s Report, Field Hospital #4, AEFS, RG 395.

  17. NACP, Telegram, Morrow to Vladivostok, June 19, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  18. NACP, Intelligence Summary #196, Vladivostok, June 10, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  19. Internet, http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/6215/siberia.htm, “Wolf-hounds”; Graves, Adventure, 183–184.

  20. USAMHI, William Donovan Collection, “Memo from Inter Allied Commission to Omsk Government,” July 16, 1919.

  21. Fairfax Channing, Siberia’s Untouched Treasure (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1923), 276–279.

  22. Kindall, Soldiers, 233.

  23. Channing, Treasure, 276–279.

  24. Kindall, Soldiers, 113–120.

  25. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Spasskoye folder, intelligence map, July 15, 1919, Box 13.

  26. Kindall, Soldiers, 75.

  27. NACP, Telegram #147, Allderdice to Vladivostok, May 21, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  28. George A. Hunt, History of the Twenty-Seventh U.S. Infantry (Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin, 1931), 70–71.

  29. NACP, Report, “R. H. Sillman to Vladivostok,” June 16, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.

  30. Hunt, History, 143.

  31. Hunt, History, 66.

  32. Hunt, History, 67.

  33. Hunt, History, 66–68; Edith Faulstich Collection, Casualties folder, Telegram, Graves to Washington June 18, 1919, Box 3; Kindall, Soldiers, 81.

  34. NACP, Report, “R. H. Sillman to Vladivostok,” June 15, 1918, AEFS, RG 395; USAMHI, Leroy W. Yarborough Papers, “Report of Sergeant Bachelor,” August 6, 1919.

  35. USAMHI, Leroy W. Yarborough Papers, “Report of Sergeant Bachelor,” August 6, 1919.

  36. HIWRP, Gretchen Haskin Collection, “Cause Celebré,” n.d.

  37. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Spasskoye folder, Lieutenant Morse, Box 13.

  38. Kindall, Soldiers, dedication.

  39. Kindall, Soldiers, 139–151.

  40. NACP, Telegram, R. H. Sillman to Vladivostok, June 23, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  41. NACP, Telegram, R. H. Sillman to Vladivostok, June 24–25, 1919.

  42. NACP, Report, “Davidson to Chief Intelligence Officer,” September 3, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  43. NACP, Report, “Davidson to Chief Intelligence Officer,” September 3, 1919.

  Chapter 22

  1. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), Laurance B. Packard, “An Account of the American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia, August 1918 to March 1919,” 73, AEFS, RG 395.

  2. NACP, Laurance B. Packard, “Account,” 75.

  3. NACP, Laurance B. Packard, “Account,” 75.

  4. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Edith Faulstich Collection, Souchan Mines folder, Box 14.

  5. NACP, Telegram, Graves to Washington, March 7, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  6. U.S. Army Military Institute (USAMHI), Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Career of Robert Eichelberger,” E 78.

  7. USAMHI, Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Career” E 75.

  8. NACP, Report, “Commanding Officer Allied Mine Guard to Vladivostok,” July 10, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.

  9. The only mention of Graves’s visit is a brief note added to Cutrer’s telegram on May 21: “The general is here.”

  10. Eric Smith, “Partisans and Polar Bears,” master’s thesis, San Jose State University, 1993, 100.

  11. Smith, “Partisans,” 100.

  12. NACP, Report, “Commanding Officer.”

  13. NACP, Telegram, Cutrer to Krieger, May 23, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  14. NACP, William S. Graves, “Report to the Adjutant General of the Army, Operations to June 30, 1919,” May 26, 1920, AEFS, RG 395.

  15. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Shkotovo folder, Wilber Goreham, Box 13.

  16. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Maihe folder, Box 13.

  17. NACP, Report, “Month of May Machine Gun Company,” June 10, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  18. NACP, “Report of Operations 31st Infantry, January 1–June 30, 1919,” July 20, AEFS, RG 395.

  19. NACP, “Report of Operations, January 1–June 30, 1919”; and Telegram, Cutrer to Vladivostok May 25, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  20. NACP, Telegram, Allderdice to Vladivostok, June 7, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.

  21. NACP, Graves, “Report,” 20.

  22. Smith, “Partisans,” 110; and NACP, Report, “Commanding Officer Allied Mine Guard to Vladivostok,” July 10, 1918, AEFS, RG 395.

  23. NACP, Monthly Report, Company M, June 30, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  24. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Eastland Reed file, POWs folder, Box 10.

  25. U.S. Military Academy Museum (USMAM), U.S. Military Academy Annual Report, June 14, 1920, 68.

  26. NACP, Telegram, Williams to Vladivostok, June 23, 1919, AEFS, RG 395; and NACP, “Report of Operation in Suchan Valley June 22 to July 6, 1919,” Suchan Mine Guard, n.d., AEFS, RG 395.

  27. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Eastland Reed file, POWs folder, Box 20.

  28. NACP, Letter from the Temporary War Revolutionary Headquarters of the Olga District, Frolovka to AEF at Suchan June 22, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  29. NACP, Fribley to Williams, June 25, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  30. NACP, Williams to Fribley, June 26, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  31. NACP, Intelligence Report, June 24, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  32. NACP, Earle Jennings, “History of the Suchan Campaign,” August 12, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  33. Smith, “Partisans,” 119.

  34. USAMHI, Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Memoirs,” E 81.

  35. Eichelberger’s memoirs were written many years after the event. He probably meant “railroad tracks” instead of “stream.” There appeared to be no stream in the village.

  36. USAMHI, Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Memoirs,” E-81.

  37. USAMHI, Leroy W. Yarborough Papers, Daily patrol reports and weekly battalion intelligence summary, July 13–19, 1919, Box 5; Reports by survivors, Commanding Officer Shkotovo to Vlad, July 18, 1919.

  38. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Joseph Longuevan folder, Letter to fellow Siberians and friends, September 1968, Box 21.

  39. Smith, “Partisans,” 124.

  40. Smith, “Partisans,” 125.

  41. USAMHI, Leroy W. Yarborough Papers, Daily patrol reports and weekly battalion intelligence summary, July 13–19, 1919, Box 5; Re
ports by survivors, Commanding Officer Shkotovo to Vlad, July 19, 1919.

  42. Sergeant Beck and his girl were later married and returned to the United States, where Beck remained in the Army.

  43. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Joseph Longuevan folder, Letter to fellow Siberians and friends, September 1968, Box 21.

  44. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Stan Stephenson to Joseph Longuevan, June 25, 1969.

  45. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Romanovka Massacre folder, Sylvester B. Moore to Sargent June 29, 1919.

  46. USAMHI, Leroy W. Yarborough Papers, Daily patrol reports and weekly battalion intelligence summary, July 13–19, 1919, Box 5; Reports by survivors, Commanding Officer Shkotovo to Vlad, July 19, 1919.

  47. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Harry Rohrer folder, Box 20

  48. NACP, C. D. Meloy, “Report of Men Killed and Wounded in Action of Co. ‘A’ 31st Inf.,” June 25, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  49. NACP, Commanding officer Hospital Train #1 to chief surgeon, “Care and Transportation of Wounded,” July 5, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  50. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Sam Richardson folder, “The Romanovka Massacre.”

  51. USAMHI, Leroy W. Yarborough Papers, Daily patrol reports and weekly battalion intelligence summary, July 13–19, 1919, Box 5; Reports by survivors, Commanding officer Shkotovo to Vlad, July 19, 1919.

  52. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, Romanovka folder, “Report of Operations in Shkotovo Sector.”

  53. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, William H. Johnson folder, Box 19.

  54. USAMHI, Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Memoirs,” E 82.

  55. USAMHI, Leroy W. Yarborough Papers, “Discipline Cases Siberia,” Box 4, 1919–1920.

  56. NACP, “Engagement at Sitsa, Siberia,” June 29, AEFS, RG 395.

  57. National Archives, Washington, D.C. (NADC), Log of the USS Albany, July 1, 1919, Naval Records, RG 24.

  58. Log of the Albany, July 1, 1919, RG 24.

  Chapter 23

  1. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), Telegram, Robinson to all commanding officers, June 26, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  2. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Edith Faulstich Collection, Suchan Mines folder, Eichelberger to his wife “Em,” June 27, 1919, Box 14.

  3. U.S. Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Memoirs,” E 85.

  4. USAMHI, Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Memoirs,” E 84.

  5. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Suchan Mines folder, Pvt. H. Bullard, Memoir, Box 14.

  6. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Suchan Mines folder, Williams to Vladivostok, “Report of Operation in Suchan Valley, Siberia, June 22–July 5, 1919,” 3–4, Box 14.

  7. Duke University, Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Robert Eichelberger Collection, Correspondence from Siberia to wife, July 5, 1919.

  8. USAMHI, Joseph B. Longuevan Papers, C. W. Stephenson to Longuevan, December 10, 1969; USAMHI, Robert L. Eichelberger Papers, “Memoirs,” E 86.

  9. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Suchan Mines folder, Williams to Vladivostok, “Report,” 4.

  10. NACP, Earle Jennings, “History of the Suchan Campaign,” August 12, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  11. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, George Betz folder, Box 16.

  12. NACP, “Troops Engaged and Record of Events,” July 9, AEFS, RG 395.

  13. National Archives, Washington, D.C. (NADC), Log of the USS Albany, July 6–7, 1919, Naval Records, RG 24.

  14. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Major Robert Eichelberger Letters, Eichelberger to his wife, July 6, 1919, Box 5.

  15. NADC, Log of the USS Albany, July 7, 1919, Naval Records, RG 24.

  16. NACP, “Report of Operation in Suchan Valley, Siberia, June 22–July 5, 1919,” AEFS, RG 395.

  17. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Naval folder, Telegram, Eichelberger to Vlad from the USS Albany, July 7, 1919, Box 9.

  18. HIWRP, William S. Graves Collection, Personal Communication folder, Box 1.

  19. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Suchan folder, Vernon I. Basler, “The Evacuation of Suchan,” in Here and There with the 31st, September 10, 1919, Box 14.

  20. NACP, “Operations toward Gordievka,” July 15, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  21. NACP, “Operations Carried Out in This Sector, Shkotovo,” n.d., 5, AEFS, RG 395.

  22. NACP, “Operations, Shkotovo,” n.d., 6–8, AEFS, RG 395.

  23. NACP, “Operations, Shkotovo,” n.d., 9, AEFS, RG 395.

  Chapter 24

  1. U.S. Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), U.S. Army, “Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War: American Expeditionary Forces, Siberia, Command and Staff,” (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1923), 385.

  2. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Fred Bugbee Collection, Faith Bugbee, “American Expeditionary Forces in Siberia,” college paper, Stanford University, 1934.

  3. Paul Chwialkowski, In Caesar’s Shadow (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993), 23.

  4. USAMHI, U.S. Army, “Order of Battle,” 385.

  5. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), 162–164.

  6. Graves, Adventure, 120.

  7. Graves, Adventure, 121.

  8. Graves, Adventure, 159.

  9. Graves, Adventure, 159–160.

  10. There is some confusion about the dates and the targets for the two expeditions. Graves reported Company B went to Olga, yet several memoirs reported that the objective was the mines at Tethue. The date of departure varied from July 29 to 31, but July 31 seemed to prevail.

  11. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, V. E. Hockett folder, “Memoir of V. E. Hockett,” Box 18.

  12. USAMHI, Clifford Catlin, World War I Survey.

  13. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Naval folder, Eichelberger to his wife July 27, 1919, Box 9.

  14. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), William S. Graves, “Report to the Adjutant General of the Army, Operations to June 30, 1919,” May 26, 1920, AEFS, RG 395.

  15. Duke University, Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Robert Eichelberger Collection, Correspondence from Siberia to his wife July 10, 1919.

  16. Betty Miller Unterberger, America’s Siberian Expedition, 1918–1920: A Study of National Policy (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1956), 160–161.

  17. Graves, Adventure, 227–242.

  18. Max Boot, The Savage Wars of Peace (New York: Basic Books, 2002), 228.

  19. Graves, Adventure, 249.

  20. George A. Hunt, History of the Twenty-Seventh U.S. Infantry (Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin, 1931), 73–74.

  21. Hunt, History, 74.

  22. U.S. Military Academy Museum (USMAM), Benjamin A. Dickson to his father, August 31, 1919.

  23. USMAM, Benjamin A. Dickson to his father, August 31, 1919.

  24. NACP, Morrow to chief of staff, “Munition Cars at Chita,” November 3, 1919, AEFS, RG 395.

  25. NACP, Morrow, “Munition Cars.”

  26. Graves, Adventure, 263.

  27. USMAM, Benjamin A. Dickson to his father, December 28, 1919.

  28. NACP, Graves, “Report.”

  29. Graves, Adventure, 215.

  30. NACP, Graves, “Report.”

  31. NACP, Graves, “Report.”

  32. Graves, Adventure, 143.

  33. Richard Goldhurst, The Midnight War: The American Intervention in Russia, 1918–1920 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), 216.

  34. HIWRP, Benjamin Davis Papers, Summary of events of attempted revolution in Vladivostok.

  35. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Naval folder, Box 9.

  36. NADC, Log of the USS Brooklyn, November 17–19, 1919, Naval Records, RG 24.

  37. HIWRP, Benjamin Davis Papers, Summary of events of attempted revolution in Vladivostok.

  38. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Colle
ction, Johnson file, “My Recollection of the Rescue of General Romanovsky and Family,” Box 8.

  39. Major Johnson, Major Graves, 1st Sgt. Marion Roda, Sgt. George Masury, Cpl. Joseph Jerome, and Pfc. Robert Nickovich.

  40. Graves, Adventure, 285.

  41. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Eichelberger to his wife, November 18, 1919, Box 5.

  42. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Gaida’s folder, Box 6.

  43. HIWRP, Edith Faulstich Collection, Eichelberger to his wife, November 18, 1919, Box 5.

  44. Christopher Dobson and John Miller, The Day They Almost Bombed Moscow (New York: Atheneum, 1986), 265.

  45. National Archives, Pacific Alaska Region, General Court-martial of Anton Karachun, March 22, 1920.

  46. Graves, Adventure, 302–303.

  47. Robert J. Maddox, The Unknown War with Russia (San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1977), 126.

  Chapter 25

  1. George F. Kennan, The Decision to Intervene. Vol. 2, Soviet-American Relations, 1917–1920 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1958), 168.

  2. Henry Davison, The American Red Cross in the Great War (New York: MacMillan Co., 1919), 270.

  3. Davison, Red Cross, 274.

  4. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace (HIWRP), Grace Bungey file.

  5. National Archives, College Park, Maryland (NACP), ARC report on Typhus train, May 15, 1919, Box 918, RG 200.

  6. Jesse A. Anderson, A Doughboy in the AEF Siberia (Berkeley, Calif.: Jesse A. Anderson, 1983), n.p.

  7. Anderson, Doughboy, n.p.

  8. Anderson, Doughboy, xvii.

  9. NACP, Gertrude Pardee Carter, “The Omsk Hospital,” RG 200, Box 918.

  10. NACP, “Memo from Central and Western Divisions to Washington,” October 16, 1919, RG 200, Box 918.

  11. HIWRP, E. Alfred Davies file, Diary.

  12. NACP, “Memo from Western Division to Finance Committee, Central Division,” January 7, 1920, RG 200. Box 918.

  13. Wisconsin Historical Society (WHS), Stacey M. Snow, “‘Mother’ Campbell of the Smile and Great Big Heart,” Red Cross Courier, January 2, 1928, 6–8, 24–26.

  14. William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure (New York: Peter Smith, 1941), 330–331.

  15. WHS, “It’s a Dream,”Seattle Times, July 28, 1973.