Russian Sideshow
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Beck, Almus, 228, 299n42
Beckley, Rudolph, 253
Becvar, Gustav, xxvi
Bell, Charles, 85, 87
Belya Zerkov, 212
Benes, Eduard, xxiii
Benson, William, xxix
Beresovka, 244–45, 259
Bereznik, 76–77, 89–90, 98, 147; retreat to, 96–101, 284n27
Berger, Carl, 96, 120
Bernal, Peter, 234–35
Bernstein, 68, 280n31. See also Trotsky, Leon
Bers, Captain, 115
Bierer, Bion B., 5–6, 8, 10–13
Bigelow, John, 119
Billick, George, 174
Bira, 176, 181
Bishop, Captain, 201
Blagovetchentsk, 240
Bliss, Tasker, 132
Bloom, Elmer, 80
Bogomoletz, General, 260, 268
Bolshie Ozerkie, 46–47, 53, 123; Battle of, 54–59
Borda, Ignacio, 187–88
Boreson, John, 50
Bosel, John, 93
Botchkareva, Maria, 124
Boverly, Sergeant, 118
Bowman, William, 87
Boyd, Robert, 81, 86–88
Brantley, James, 262
Bresenik, 93
Brest, France, 146
Brest-Litovsk Treaty, xxiii
British: armored train, 38–39; command of Allied forces, 21, 28, 32, 51, 53, 62, 67, 114, 116, 120; consider Soviets the enemy, 7, 116; equipment and supplies, 21, 44, 133; instigated coups, 11–12, 185–87, 245; hospitals, 26–27, 87–88; military police, 192; in Murmansk, 3–9, 37–38, 131; music, 197; newspaper closed, 200; prisoner exchange, 46; RAF, 39, 80; relations with Americans, 6, 13, 20, 22, 27, 35, 37, 40, 42, 44, 68, 69–70, 88, 94–95, 98, 103, 108, 116–17, 119, 124, 129–30, 133–34, 138, 141–42, 198; sailors, 162; tactics, 140–44; trained Russian cadets, 248; troops, 82, 171–175; unavailable for train guard duty, 206; urged intervention, xxvii–xxviii; withdrawal, 263. See also air and RAF
Brodnicki, Valeryan, 228
Bronchi, 237–38
Broneviks. See armored trains
Brunner, Fred E., 156
Buchanan, Andrew, 216
Bugbee, Fred, 240, 248; organizes withdrawal, 258
Bullard, Harold, 223, 225, 233
Bungey, Grace, 252–53
Burbridge, James, 95
Burke, Mike, 104
Burt, Chester, 214, 233
Burton, Captain, 50
Butenko, Colonel, 200
Butler, Lawrence, 225–27, 229, 268
Cadwell, John, 159
Camp Cowshot, England, 19
Camp Custer, Michigan, 17, 21, 28, 121, 141, 274n3
Camp Fremont, California, 153, 165–67, 170, 193, 203
Camp Merritt, New Jersey, 137, 146
Camp Mills, New York, 18
Camp South Brooklyn, New Jersey, 137
Camp Stoney Castle, England, 18, 20
Campbell, Hannah, 255
Campbell, Martin John, 121, 146
Canadian Field Artillery, 63, 65, 68, 70, 72, 81, 88; battle of Toulgas, 84–85; battle of Ust Padenga, 96–99; 101; going home, 145–46
Card, Colonel, 55–56
Carey, Donald E., 20–21, 24, 56, 66–67, 71, 119, 141
Carlson, Arthur B., 51, 58
Carr, Densie, 227
Carter, Gertrude, 254
Carter, James, 37
Casey, Marcus, 91
Casualties, 52, 77–78, 80–82, 84–87, 143, 146, 163–64; Bolshie Ozerki, 54–55, 57–58; Force B, 13–15; Onega front, 49–50; Pinega front, 107; railroad companies, 135–36; railroad front, 34, 36–38, 40; Seletskoye front, 62–66, 68, 73, 281n37; Vaga front, 91–94
Cathermon, Private, 238
Catlin, Clifford, 242
Cecek, General, xxvi
censorship, 129–30, 199–200, 204
Central Soviet, 4, 6–8
Chaikovski, N. V., 11, 113–14, 116, 127, 149
Chamova, 77, 82
Chanchun, 206
Channing, Fairfax, 211, 213
Chaplin, George E., 11, 113–15, 118, 124
Chapman, William, 244
Chappel, Charles F., 62–63
Chedister, Arthur, 230
Cheeney, John, 93
Chekuevo, 42, 49–51, 54
Chelyabinsk, xxii–xxiv
Chenova, 54–55, 279n24
Cherry, U.S. Grant, 63
Chicago Tribune, 140
Chinese bandits, 172–73, 214, 257
Chinese-Eastern Railway, xxiv, 158, 161, 163, 186, 193, 206
Chita, xxv, 156–60, 172, 176, 181, 245, 253, 261
Christian, Arthur, 64
Churchill, Winston, 140
Ciskoe, 13
Clark, Joshua, 101
Clarke, W. J., 49–51
Clemens, Raymond, 93
Clemens, Roy, 93
Clish, Frank, 87
Coburn, Cleo, 37, 45
Cole, Elmer, 96
Cole, Felix, xxviii
Coleman, Louis, 122
Collins, Earl, 149, 278n21
Collins, Edmund R., 52, 54–55, 278–79n24, n25
Commons, John, 63, 148
Conner, Lloyd, 80, 282n20
Consuls, 114
Conway, John, 103, 104, 108
Copeland, Peter, 156
Corbley, James, 78–79
Cossacks, 239, 253, 257; attack American train, 161, 259–60; capture Johns and Sperling, 243; confront Americans, 244–46; and Czechs, 176; Ivanoff-Rinoff, 220; and Japanese, 188; Kalmykof, 182–86, 202–3, 205, 207, 209–12, 260; in North Russia, 50, 94, 113, 115; Semenov, 205, 207, 209–12, 220, 260–62
Costello, Harry, 28
Coups: Archangel, 11, 113–15, 118, 124, 127; Czechs oust Vladivostok government, 163; Japanese take over Vladivostok, 263; Kolchak assumes Siberian government, 185; Rozanov deposed in Vladivostok, 262
Coureurs de Bois, 41
courts-martial, 44–45, 115, 120–23, 277n47, 292n17; and Major Young, 120–23; in Siberia, 261–66, 269
Craig, Dee, 224
Craig, John, 28
Crane, Charles R., xx
Crissman, John, 97
Crom, William, 229
Cromberger, Dave, 64–65
Cronin, Louis, 63
Crook, 166, 258, 262
Crook, Alva, 57
Cross, Christian, 213
Cudahy, John, 82, 84, 86, 282n29
Cuff, Francis, 92–93
Cutrer, Emile, 189, 220–22, 229–30, 238
Czechs, xxii, xxiv–xxxii, 11, 29, 233, 249; Colonel Emerson and, 158–61; Graves and, 166, 171, 249; plan to link with Allied forces, 13, 75, 89, 102; and Trans-Siberian Railroad, 153, 156, 176–77, 206; in Vladivostok, 163–64, 178, 181, 185, 192–93, 197, 241, 246, 248; withdrawal, 252–53, 257–58, 263
Daly, Harlan, 223, 225
Dalziel, Lieutenant, 86
Daniels, Joseph, xxix
Dargan, Arthur, 80
Darling, W. L., 154
Davies, E. Alfred, 254–55
Davis, Simon, 78
DeAmicis, Giussepe, 95
decorations: in North Russia, 48–49, 87, 120, 135, 144; in Siberia, 213–14, 227, 268–69; involving Stewart, 20, 120
Delatorski, Lt. Col., 110
Denikin, Anton, 249
Dennis, Henry, 83, 85
Derber, Peter, 163
desertion: American, 121, 203–4, 213–14, 233, 243–44, 249; Cossacks, 184; French, 38; Reds, 64, 73; White Russians, 13, 50, 108, 142–43, 258
Detroit, 17–18, 37, 48, 121, 146, 148,
Detroit’s Own, 17, 28, 146,
Detzler, Allick, 86
Dial, Charles, 57
Dickman, Joseph, 17
Dickson, Benjamin A., 244–45, 259
Dietrichs, Mikhael, xxiv, xxvii, xxv, 163
diplomats, xxii, 12
Doborskaya, 215
Donoghue, Michael J., 41, 60–62, 65, 66–72, 280n34
Dono
van, James, 36
Douroff, Colonel, 127
Downs, Tom, 81
Dressing, Walter, 78
Drosdov Siding, 215
Duhart, Stephen, 172
Dunaetz, Isiador, 100
Duoma, Frank, 20
Durham, Corporal, 216
Dvina front, 34, 40, 66, 74–89, 93, 101–2, 125. See also Force C and Battle of Toulgas
Dvina River, 25, 53, 90, 98, 249; described, 91; invasion route, 9–10, 114; Soviets use, 145; used to transport troops, 13, 29, 61, 117
Dyer’s Battalion, 13, 142
Dyment, Schliomi, 36
Eastern Front, 21, 81
Echo, 200
Economie, 11, 26, 114, 141
Edwards, L. C., 51–52
Egroff. Mr., 219
Eichelberger, Robert L., 242, 245–257, 266, 268; captured by White Russians, 189–90, 220; and Graves, 167; negotiates prisoner exchange, 233; and Romanovka, 225, 230, 299n35; stranded in Suchan, 232, 234–236; and withdrawal, 262–63
Ekaterinburg, xxiv–xxv, 254, 260
Ellis, Leo, 39
Elope, 9
Emerson, George, 156–161
Emsta front, 61–73, 80. See also Seletskoye front
Emsta River, 31, 38, 41, 60–62, 65–67, 71
entertainment, 127–28, 130, 157–58, 195–97, 202. See also Red Cross and YMCA
Evans, John, 214
executions, 177–78, 188–89; Bolshevik prisoners, 123; Botchkareva, 268; deserters, 107–8; Gaida revolt troops, 249; Hungarian prisoners, 183; Kolchak, 262; Tsar Nicholas, xxv; political, 126, 130, 145; prisoners, 84, 249, 260; Red Cross workers, 182; Russian mutineers, 126, 277n47; Semenov, 269; suspected Bolsheviks, 130
Fanza, 219, 225, 232, 235
Far Eastern Republic, 263
Fedrov, Lieutenant, 68, 70
Ferguson, Alan, 228
Finland, xxi–xxii, 5–7, 9, 256
Finlayson, R. G., 34, 86–87
fire, 108, 134, 262
Fistler, Dwight, 46
Flake, Charles, 224
Floyd, H. C., 6, 274n22
flu, 18, 32, 90–91, 275n2, n7; deaths, 27, 76–77, 90–91, 119; from ships, 23, 25–27
Foley, Morris, 78
Force A, 13, 29, 31–32, 92. See also railroad front
Force B, 9–16, 24, 28, 33, 76, 274n22; lost, 29–31, 33, 60–61
Force C, 29. See also Dvina front
Force D, 61–63, 66, 68, 80. See also Vaga force
Fort Churkin, 192
Fort McKinley, Philippines, 240
Foukes, General, 86
Fowler, Henry, 245
France, 44, 51, 53, 117; as an ally, 8, 11, 206, 266; diplomats, xxiii, xxv, 4, 6, 113; Force B, 15, 30; other fronts (North Russia), 54, 61–62; on railroad force, 32, 35–36, 38–39, 41, 46; in Vladivostok, 171–73, 177, 180–81, 192
Francis, David, xx, 28, 115–16, 125–26, 149, 158; anti-Bolshevik, xxviii, 6, 29
Frank, Arthur, 37
Frape, Frank, 89
Fraser, D., 92
Fraser, Eugenie, 114, 118, 128, 144–45, 149
Fribley, Custer, 223, 225, 233
friendly fire, 36, 38, 40
Frolovka, 223–24
Frost, W. B., 163
Frucce, John, 278n21
Frundt, Oscar, 229
Fulcher, Earl, 54, 277n54
funerals: in Archangel, 27, 111, 119, 141; Bereznik, 77, 91; Detroit, 146–48; Obozerskaya, 34; Onega, 51; railroad companies, 135; Siberia, 162–64, 233–35
Gabach, 110
Gaida, Rudolf, 268; fired by Kolchak, 242, 244, 246; leads Czech legion, xxiv–xxv, 53, 160; leads revolt in Vladivostok
Gardner, Clarence, 61, 65
Gardner, James, 230
Gariepy, Henry, 76
Garrett, Lieutenant, 134
Garstin, Dennis, 14, 49
Gasper, Leo, 83, 85
Gavin, Colonel, 63, 65
George, King, 22, 277n47
Georgie, 197
Germany, xix–xxiii, 5, 21, 103, 251, 252; threats of invasion, 4, 6, 7, 9
Gerrish, Bert, 15
Gibbs, George, 154, 155
Giffels, William, 39
Gilbey, Captain, 68, 70
Gillem, A.C., 259
Gilliland, Captain (RRSC), 210
Goglova, 52
Golden Horn, 157, 186, 191, 193, 237, 252
Golos Primoria, 200
Gordievka, 188, 220, 238
Goreham, Wilber, 221–22
Gorko, 214
Gottschalk, Milton, 96
Grace, Sergeant, 118
Graham, Claus, 50
Graves, Sidney, 197, 200, 225–26, 234–36, 248
Graves, William S., 169, 180, 268, 295n31; on the Armistice, 185, 197; assumes command of AEFS, 165–67; atrocities, 189, 244; as commander, 192, 232, 240, 249, 298n9; conflict with State and War Departments, 197–98, 241; and Kalmykof, 183, 186; with Morris, 242–43; railroad agreement, 206–8, 218–19; and Red Cross, 252, 256; Sughan mines, 221–22, 225, 236–37; and withdrawal, 250, 255, 257, 260, 262
Great Northern, 255, 258, 262
Green, Robert, 87
Greene, C.E., 163
Greenlund, Private, 93
Greenway, Lieutenant, 236
Greiner, John, 154
Griffiths, Captain, 82
Grogan, B.G., 140
Grossa, Gus, 100–101
Grove, Lieutenant, 163
Guard, Lieutenant Colonel, 13, 15, 32, 48
Guberovo, 206
Guedon, 45
Guinet, Alphonse, 159
gunboats, 77, 79, 83, 85
Gunness, Harold, 15, 274n22
Gutowski, Boleslaw, 93
Hakodate, Japan, 167–68
Hall, Dr. John, 81–82
Halsey, Jesse, 5
Hancock, Thomas, 80
Harbin, China, 158, 161, 181, 193, 239
Harris, Ernest, 159, 161, 255, 260–61
Haselden, Colonel, 13, 15, 41, 65, 68–70
Hatfield, J.A., 46
Hedblum, Sven, 182
Heil, Bernard, 68
Heinzman, Leo, 228
Helgeson, A.A., 163
Henderson, Colonel, 62, 280n9
Henkelman, Carl, 86
Henkelman, William, 86, 88, 142
Herrick, George, 172
Hershberger, Russell, 21, 139
Herwynen, John, 78
Hester, Harley, 63
Hicks, Captain, 180
Hicks, Donald M., 12, 14, 61, 273n10, 274n20
Higgins, William F., 103, 104
HIJMS Asahi, xxvii, 162
Hill, C.B. (Doc), 80
HMS Attentive, 10–11
HMS Cochrane, 5
HMS Glory, 4, 6
HMS Kent, 196–97
HMS Nairana, 10–11
HMS Porto, 134
HMS Salvator, 10
HMS Suffolk, xxvii, 162
HMS Vindictive, 4
HMT Menominee, 137, 142
HMT Northumberland, 18
HMT Stephen, 133
Hockett, E.V., 242
Hodge, Elmer, 93
Hogan, Freeman, 57, 279n36
Hollis, Claude, 226
Horvat, Dimitri, 158, 186, 198–99, 241
Hoskins, Ernest, 197
Hulton, W.A.H., 12
Hunsaker, Corporal, 230
Iakovleff, 224–25
Iaremenko, A.N., 221
Ignuatiev, Boris. See Johnson, Samuel I.
Ilyakov, 233
Iman, 243
International Military Police (IMP), 192–93, 200, 210, 247
Irkutsk, 173, 260; and Czechs, xxiv–xxv, 159–60, 172; on the railroad, 245, 261; and the Red Cross, 254–55
Ironside, Edmund, 65, 123, 287n41; as commander, 124–26, 140; morale and mutiny, 42, 45, 53–54, 70–71, 126, 142–43; as Poole’s replacement, 13, 30, 40–41, 64, 76, 124; withdrawal, 140–41, 144, 149
Isaaka, Gorka, 38, 114, 117
&nb
sp; Italy, xx
Ivan, 112
Ivanoff-Rivanoff, General, 178, 186, 220, 245
Japan: asked to intervene, xxii, xxvii–xxviii; enroute to Russia, 157–58, 167–69, 192; Otani as commander, 171–75, 178; purpose of U.S. intervention, 162; on the railroad, 202, 206; relations with U.S., 176–79, 187–88, 201, 215, 240–41, 243–45, 266; strength and locations of Japanese troops, 181, 186, 193, 201, 203, 218, 225; in Suchan area, 233–36; supporting Cossacks, 183–85, 207, 209–11, 244, 249; withdrawal, 250, 257, 262–63
Johns, Lindsay P., 212, 215, 243
Johnson, Godfrey, 99–100
Johnson, Hiram, 139
Johnson, R.C., 129
Johnson, Samuel, 168; commands International Military Police, 200, 241; during Gaida revolt, 247–48; replacement battalion 192–93
Johnson, William, 199, 230
Joiner, William H., 220, 222, 234, 236–37
Jones, C.G., 134, 136–37
Jones, Harry, 146
Jones, Henry, 121–22
Jones, Roy, 227
Jonker, Nicholas, 93
Jordan, Carl, 76
Josselyn, Colonel, 13
Julienk, Lieutenant, 183
Juniis, 49
Kalmykof, Ivan: and Americans, 186, 243–44; atrocities by, 183, 209, 246, 249; Cossack leader, xxvi, 178, 205, 269; mutiny of his troops, 182–84; supported by Japanese, 185, 209;
Kamchatka, 186
Kandalaksha, 7
Kanguas, 229; controlled by Bolsheviks, 225, 230, 232, 258; on Suchan cable car line, 219, 235, 237
Kansas City, 166
Kansk, 254
Karachun, Anton, 233, 268; as Bolshevik leader, 213–14; deserter, 203–4, 212, 243, 249, 255
Karan, Stanley, 85, 283n36
Karas, Private, 210
Karenskaya, 160
Karpogora, 103–5
Kasca, 50–51
Kassala, 10
Katz, Henry, 123
Kazan, 249
Kazanka, 223, 233–34
Keeler, Fayette, 157–58, 161
Keizinger, Edward, 63
Kellerman, Walter, 214
Kem, 7, 14, 48–49
Kemp, Thomas W., 5–6, 11–12, 126
Kendall, Paul, 259–60, 268–69
Kenney, Bernard, 101
Kerensky, Alexander, xx–xxi, 154–56
Ketcham, Harry, 51–52
Khabarovsk, 201, 216, 243; as Allied base, 181, 184, 193, 203, 209; atrocities in 183; as Japanese objective, 172–73, 175–76; railroad terminal, xxiv, 158, 160
Kholmogori, 106, 141
Kholmogorskaya, 16, 33
Kieffer, Simon, 37
Kindall, Sylvian, 179, 188, 202–3, 211, 215–16, 276
Kishmich, 225
Kissick, Thurman, 93
Kitsa, 98, 100–101
Kleshevo, 52
Knevichi, 222
Knight, Austin, xxvii, 159, 162–63, 178
Knights of Columbus, 256
Knox, Alfred, 180, 198, 295–96n31
Kochmas, 41, 64
Kodima, 80