Burned Alive: Bruno, Galileo and the Inquisition
Page 49
Paul iii 23, 26, 157, 205
lived on the Moon 19, 27, 34,
Paul v 129, 146, 148–9, 151–2,
100–103, 113, 121, 264
157–8, 240, 273
and magic 30–31, 185, 170,
Pius ix 47
265–7
Urban viii 16, 142–3, 143, 170,
on mathematics 14, 17–18, 21,
179, 181, 183–4, 187–8,
197, 277–8
190–96, 198, 200, 214, 217,
as pagan leader 8, 12, 15–18
229, 232–3, 239–40, 250,
and silence 15, 29, 36, 43,
252,
256, 271
105–6, 160, 168, 184, 190,
Zacharias 60, 97
264
Porphyry 21–3, 51–7, 66, 103, 127,
souls from stars, planets 55, 122,
134, 157, 162, 169–70, 184–6,
264
210, 232, 235, 264, 266–72
Sun, Moon, stars are gods 55,
Possevino, Antonio 125, 127
264
Praedestinatus 95, 262
and transmigration 15, 17–18,
Pythagoras
29, 34–6, 37, 43–4, 53–4,
Augustine on 20
57–8, 61–2, 85, 105–6, 122,
Bellarmine on 153–4
127, 167, 178, 183–5, 232,
Bruno on 15, 33, 35–7, 40–44,
243, 263–5, 268
46, 50, 53–4, 57–9, 61–4, 68, travelled to stars 18, 59, 264
71, 84–5, 155, 158–60, 231,
on worlds 15, 18–19, 21–2, 27,
267
34, 40, 55, 59–60, 64, 100–
compared to Jesus Christ 8, 19,
101, 113, 121, 136, 164–5,
33, 22, 43, 93, 118, 264–5
243, 264, 268–9
denounced by Christians 19,
see also soul of the world,
39, 43, 51–4, 57–8, 62, 122,
Pythagoras
153, 156, 161, 185, 188–9,
199, 202–46, 257, 262–70,
Redondi, Pietro 193–4, 213–14
278
Riccardi, Niccolò 185, 187, 192–4,
Copernicus on 23–5
198, 200, 203, 210, 232–3, 253,
and demons or daemons 8, 16,
272–3
19–20, 27, 31, 55, 100, 153,
Ricci, Matteo 161, 194
167–8, 170, 266–7, 244, 263
Rittershausen, Konrad 71, 127
on Earth as animal 44, 56, 124,
Romaeus, Nicolas 170
166, 177, 239, 268
Rowland, Ingrid 65–6, 329
on Earth’s motion 15, 56, 136,
Rubio, Antonio 161–2, 242
140–41, 147, 166, 177, 188,
Rusca, Antonio 168–9, 263
191, 205–7, 212, 222, 238,
268, 271, 274
Santori, Giulio (Cardinal of Santa
Galileo on 14, 27, 106, 140, 152,
Severina) 45, 73, 75, 131
162, 191–2, 269, 272
Schegk, Jacob 95–6
godlike 18–19, 22, 24, 167, 177, Scheiner, Christopher 138, 223, 257,
263–4, 267, 270
305
345
burned alive
Schoppe, Gaspar 48, 71–6, 81, 91–7, Castro vs 52, 159
120–21, 124, 126–7, 137, 158,
Ficino on 116, 134, 159, 235
168–9, 182, 224, 268, 272
Galileo on 158–60, 254, 270
Serarius, Nicolaus 109, 137, 240
Gassendi on 257
Sfondrato, Cardinal Paolo 142,
Gemma on 108, 270
145–6, 150–52, 201, 273, 306
Gilbert on 102, 222–3, 226, 270
Shackelford, Jole 17, 329, 330
heresy of 51–2, 62, 64, 69–70,
Simon Magus 76, 153, 243
80, 103, 124, 134, 157, 159,
sins
225, 229, 234, 236, 242–3,
and Bellarmine 128–9, 135,
270, 275
249–51
Inchofer vs 222–6, 229–31
and Bruno 38, 78–80, 270
Inquisition vs 48, 50–51, 56, 64,
and Copernicus 128
86–7, 117, 159, 199, 274
of Galileo 213, 275–7, 270
Kepler on 108, 134, 159, 166,
of heresy 277
270
and Lucifer 168
Mersenne vs 180
and Novatian 67–8, 70
Novatian on 68–70, 134, 159,
and the Pythagoreans 8, 18, 29,
270
244, 324
Padiglia vs 125
of the stars 122
Petreto vs 103, 159
and transmigration 243, 324
Piccolomini vs 101, 159
and the Sun 207, 209
Plotinus 134
and Virgil’s Aeneid 41, 70
Porphyry on 51, 235, 270
Solomon 40, 49–54, 58, 61, 84, 126,
Pythagoras on 19, 41–2, 51–2,
231, 253, 260
68, 102, 125–6, 159, 206,
soul in bodily prison
235, 257, 270
Bellarmine on 135, 153
Rhetor vs 236
Bruno on 41, 50, 57–8, 70, 85,
St Augustine vs 51, 56, 222
268
Telesio on 116–17
Campanella on 167, 183
Tempier vs 56, 243
Gilbert on 102
Varro on 51, 116, 125, 159, 235
as heresy 50, 58, 70, 85, 94, 99
Virgil on 41–2, 80, 93, 116, 134,
and the Pythagoreans 29, 41,
159, 180, 235, 257
58, 135, 153, 183, 185, 265,
Viviani on 254
268
soul as sailor on ship 58, 67, 85, 87,
and Virgil 41, 70
153, 169
soul of the world
souls as fragments 53, 99, 135, 153
Abelard on 52, 103, 134, 159,
souls travel from/to stars 19, 53, 55,
270
122, 156, 185, 264, 266, 268
Apollonius on 51, 134, 159
stars with voices 49, 55, 86, 113–14,
Bellarmine vs 133–4, 144, 153,
122, 126, 224, 253
156, 159, 166, 201, 236
Stellato, Marcello Palingenio 33
Bruno on 40–43, 48–52, 56,
Steuco, Agostino 134, 278
64, 68, 80, 86–7, 92–3, 97,
Stobaeus, Joannes 55, 98
116, 133–4, 156, 159, 168,
Stoics 42, 54, 56, 101–2, 120, 123,
180, 230–31, 246, 268,
223, 257
270–71
Sun as prison 21, 207, 209–10, 264
Campanella on 116–17, 122,
suns
134, 159, 166, 234–7, 270
Bellarmine on 145, 247, 250
346
Index
Bruce on 107
29–30, 42–4, 54, 105, 127,
Bruno on 9, 33–4, 50, 53, 59,
153, 167, 178, 185, 208, 246,
74, 90, 96, 115, 152, 171,
263–4
247, 261, 274
to other worlds 18, 92, 98, 122,
Campanella on 171
185, 245, 264, 266, 275
Christians deny 50, 59, 73–4,
Trismegistus see Hermes
161, 194, 217, 253, 259, 261,
Trismegistus
266
Foscarini on 141, 305
universe animal 108, 116–17, 122
Galileo on 9, 192, 217
Kepler denies 9, 112–13, 164
Valentia, Gregorius de 61
sunspots 118, 130, 137, 159, 164,
Valentinus/Valentinians 76, 153,
166
220, 229–30, 243
Valerius Maximus 95, 194
Tarde, Jean 164, 242
Varro, Marcus 51, 116, 125, 159,
Taverna, Ferdinando 67, 71–2, 89,
166, 194, 235
145–6, 151–2, 201, 273
Verus, Lucius 98–9, 182
Telesio, Bernardino 115–17, 133,
Virgil, the Aeneid 21, 212, 243, 270
245
and Abelard 52
Tertullian 53, 57, 66, 91, 152, 156,
and Bruno 40–42, 62, 64,
169, 184–5, 218, 241–4, 251,
68–70, 80, 93, 116, 134, 180
265, 272
and Campanella 116, 134, 166,
Theodoret 152, 162, 169, 218, 230,
235
242–3
criticized by Christians 53, 101,
Tor di Nona 72
133, 257, 266, 325
transmigration of souls
and Copernicus 165
into animals 18, 30, 39, 44,
and Ficino 93, 116, 134, 159
85–7, 98–9, 167–8, 185, 264, and Galileo 159
267
and Inchofer 231
denied by Aristotle 21
and Kepler 107
Bruno on 35–9, 42–5, 54, 57,
and Novatian 68–70, 292
61–2, 74, 85–7, 94, 99, 157,
Virgilius (Feargal) 60, 97, 188,
180, 231, 267–9
216–17, 232, 239
and Campanella 115, 167–8,
Virgin Mary 15, 38, 71, 77, 82, 118,
178, 231, 244
200, 203, 247
denied by Christians 19, 39, 58, Viviani, Vincenzo 254
62, 66–7, 76, 122–3, 125,
153, 265, 135, 169–70, 180,
Wackher, Johann 75, 109, 111–12
185, 207, 232, 241–3, 259,
Waddington, George 266
265, 267
Waddingus, Lucas 210, 272
and Galileo 220, 245, 251,
Wedderborn 114, 137
254–5
Weyer, Johan 31
as a heresy 17, 58, 62, 66, 67, 76, Wilkins, John 238–9, 241
85, 123, 167–8, 180, 241,
William of St Thierry 52, 270,
243–4, 260
Wootton, David 192, 254, 329
denied by Inchofer 209, 220,
worlds
229, 231
denied by St Ambrose 162, 194
Kepler on 105–6, 220, 268
denied by St Augustine 59, 61,
and Pythagoras 15–19, 21,
66, 91, 95, 98, 100, 125, 127,
347
burned alive
133, 152, 162, 217, 219, 230, denied by Lactantius 95
241–2, 257, 262
Lucian on 34, 59, 100, 104, 161,
Brahe on 109
244–5
Bruno on 10, 15, 30, 33–5, 39,
Origen on 59, 61–2, 96, 136,
50, 59–66, 84–5, 88–9, 92,
172, 181, 218–19, 231
94–9, 110–13, 167, 180–81,
Orpheus on 127, 131–2, 164,
232, 245, 259, 261
238, 262
and Campanella 174–7, 193–4,
denied by St Philaster 59, 61,
220, 262
95, 195, 219, 241, 262
denied by the Canon Law 61
Plato on 238
denied by Cicero 95
denied by Pope Dionysius 59
and Copernicus 100, 131,
denied by Pope Zacharias 60
149–50, 174, 261, 267
denied by Praedestinatus 95,
and Democritus 21, 34, 61,
262
95, 98, 100, 110, 130–32,
and Pythagoras 15, 18–19,
136, 161–2, 167, 175, 194,
21–2, 27, 34, 40, 55, 59–60,
217–18, 230, 238
64, 100–101, 113, 121,
denied by de Valentia 61
136, 164–5, 243, 264,
denied by St Epiphanius 98,
268–9
152, 262
denied by Rubio 161–2, 242
denied by Fabricius 262
denied by Rupert of Deutz 62,
heresy of many worlds 59–62,
127
64, 72–3, 84–5, 94–9, 125,
denied by Schegk 95
141, 150–51, 158, 162, 171,
denied by Schoppe 92, 94, 96
174–5, 181, 188, 192–4, 219, denied by Theodoret 152, 161,
230, 239, 241–2, 244–5, 255,
218, 230
259, 262, 275, 314
denied by Thomas Aquinas 162,
denied by St Hippolytus 59
194
denied by Inchofer 208–9, 213,
see also extraterrestrial life; suns
216–20, 241
denied by St Isidore 60, 162
Xenophanes 53, 133, 218, 238, 296
denied by St Jerome 59, 95
Ximenes, Ferdinando 142, 146,
and Jesus Christ 61, 164, 174–5, 240
181, 213, 219, 259–60
Kepler on 103–10, 113–14, 131, Zúñiga, Diego de 35, 55, 102, 151,
162–4, 176, 179, 220, 238,
157, 164, 170, 179, 216, 227,
242, 261–2
240, 269, 271, 275
348
Document Outline
Cover
Title Page
Imprint Page
Contents
Introduction
1: The Crimes of Giordano Bruno Pythagoras and Copernicus
The Moving Earth and the Fugitive Friar
Prisoner of the Inquisition
Censured Propositions in Bruno’s Books
Fire and Smoke
Why the Romans Killed Bruno
2: Aliens on the Moon? Kepler Announces Life in Other Worlds!
Campanella Imprisoned and Tortured
Bellarmine and the Enemies of Bruno
Galileo in Danger
3: The Enemies of Galileo Campanella Defends Galileo from Prison
Galileo Defends the Pythagorean Doctrines Again
Inchofer Against the New Pythagoreans
No Life in Other Worlds, No Living Earth
Campanella’s Exile and Death
4: Worlds on the Moon and the Stars How Heretical, Really?
Bellarmine’s Innumerable Suns
Critiques after Galileo’s Death
Conclusion
References
Acknowledgements
Photo Acknowledgements
Index