Burned Alive: Bruno, Galileo and the Inquisition
Page 48
85, 108, 110, 126, 150, 220,
Fifth Ecumenical Council 56, 58,
245, 262
123, 221, 225, 243
339
burned alive
Finocchiaro, Maurice 48, 65, 77,
and sins 213, 275–7, 270
90–91
on soul of the world 158–60,
Firpo, Luigi 48, 68, 77, 147, 232
254, 270
Foscarini, Paolo 140–41, 149–52,
on suns 9, 192, 217
157–60, 164, 170, 179, 188,
and transmigration 220, 245,
196, 216, 227, 232, 240, 269,
51, 254–5
271, 275
on trial 195–204, 209–14, 230,
Froidmont, Libert 188–90, 196, 202,
232, 238, 241, 273–4
211, 217, 221, 223, 240–41, 243, Gassendi, Pierre 255–7
263, 272
Gatti, Hilary 169, 329
Gaudenzi Paganino 251
Galante, Livio 324, 325
Gemma, Cornelius 108, 270
Galileo Galilei 111, 138
Gilbert, William 101–3, 172, 188,
and Bellarmine 14, 130, 133,
213, 216, 222–7, 231, 239, 262,
136, 141, 145–6, 149, 151,
270
157–8, 161, 166, 172, 198,
Gnostics 76, 98–9, 212, 229–30,
201, 210, 246, 273–5
243, 270
compared to Bruno 7–11, 14,
Granada Miguel 180, 312, 330
100, 110–14, 164, 169,
Gravina, Domenico 241
207–9, 254, 261, 264, 270,
Gregory of Nyssa 224, 234–5
273–9
and Campanella 117, 121–3,
Harriot, Thomas 306
147, 171–8, 183, 189, 193–4, Heck, Johann van 97–8, 137
198, 205, 207, 216, 238, 241, Heilbron, John 195–6
246, 261–2, 270, 276
Hell
and Copernicus 109, 111–12,
Augustine on 94
121, 137, 146, 157, 253,
Bellarmine on 152–4, 248
277
Bruno on 36, 45, 57, 67, 80–81,
death of 251–3
85
and Democritus 110, 114,
Campanella on 118–19, 172–3,
193–4, 197, 232
210
and Earth as star 157, 165,
Copernicus in 128
176, 186–7, 200, 213, 232
Donne on 128–9
and extraterrestrial life 10–11,
and Earth’s motion 141, 205–6,
137–8, 149–51, 174, 192,
210
196–7, 220, 238, 245, 262
Inchofer on 205–6, 210
and heresies 91, 157, 159, 174,
location of 19, 21, 129, 141,
192–3, 146, 208, 225, 230,
152–3, 168, 172–3, 205,
272, 274–8
264
and Inchofer 198–9, 203–5,
on the Moon 129
209–11, 216, 219–20, 263,
philosophers in 21, 103
272, 275
and Pythagoras 18–19, 21,
on Jesus Christ 254
168–70, 173, 205–6, 210,
and Jesuits 16, 130, 158, 200,
264–5
211, 215–42, 271–2
resurrection from 31
and Kepler 106–7, 162, 220
Heraclides 18, 35, 55, 131, 136, 140,
and Plato 106, 140, 192, 269
218
on Pythagoras 14, 27, 106, 140,
Herbert, Algernon 262–3
152, 162
heresiarchs 45, 134, 221, 228, 233
340
Index
heresies
170, 184, 199, 146, 210,
Bellarmine on 63–6, 71, 91,
220–22, 225, 228–34, 240,
123–4, 133–5, 145, 152–6,
244, 255, 262, 267, 270–75
169, 240, 248, 251, 258, 268, of soul of the world 51–2, 62,
273, 275, 278
64, 69–70, 80, 103, 124, 134,
and Bruno 15, 28, 38–9, 43–5,
157, 159, 225, 229, 234, 236,
62–76, 79–87, 90–91, 94–9,
242–3, 270, 275
103, 141, 145–6, 150, 156,
that souls are imprisoned in
165, 183, 192–3, 208, 242,
bodies 58, 85
259, 267–8, 272–5
that souls are sailors 58, 67, 85,
and Campanella 117–20, 167,
87, 153, 169
171, 174–6, 178, 181, 183,
that Sun, Moon, stars have souls
233–4, 236, 241, 243–4
56, 122–3, 225, 243
discussed 8, 17, 20, 22, 26–8, 39, theory of the antipodes 97, 245
59, 62, 72–4, 91, 103, 191,
of the Sun’s immobility, 91, 142,
197, 208, 239–46, 259–60,
148, 152, 245–6, 274
268, 277
of transmigration of souls 17,
of Earth’s motion 16, 86, 109,
58, 62, 66–7, 76, 85–6, 123,
124, 128, 139, 142, 157,
167–8, 178, 180, 241, 243–4,
171, 179, 188–9, 211, 222,
260
228–30, 240–41, 245–6
Herodotus 18, 185
that everyone is saved 67, 81,
Hermes Trismegistus 22, 31, 62, 90,
92–4, 128–9
102, 183, 222, 224–5
and Galileo 91, 157, 159, 174,
Hermias 127, 207–8, 257
192–3, 146, 208, 225, 230,
Hicetas of Syracuse 54, 109, 124,
272, 274–8
140
and Inchofer 205, 211–12, 216,
Hippolytus 17, 19, 21, 43, 51–5, 59,
219–22, 224, 228–32, 243,
135, 161, 163, 179, 194, 229,
275
224, 243, 264, 269
existence of many worlds
Holste, Lucas 184–6, 197, 199, 210,
59–62, 64, 72–3, 84–5,
263, 272, 278
94–9, 125, 141, 150–1, 158,
Holy Spirit
162, 171, 174–5, 181, 188,
and Bruno 52, 64–5, 68, 80, 86,
192–4, 219, 230, 239, 241–2,
92–3, 97, 116, 126, 159, 168,
244–5, 255, 259, 262, 275
242, 246, 268, 271
that matter is eternal 16, 38–9,
as divine guide 66, 189
46, 48, 51, 58–9, 62, 65–6,
and heresies 52, 64–6, 69–70,
84, 92, 103, 124–5, 130, 199,
103, 134, 145, 159, 242, 275
230, 265
as soul of the world 52, 64–5,
of Novatian 67–70, 87, 153,
80, 86, 92–3, 103, 108
270, 292
Horky, Martinus 114, 137
of Origen 56, 61–2, 94, 122–3,
128, 153, 156, 225, 243–4
Iamblichus 56, 66, 100, 162, 168,
of philosophers 20, 51, 94, 103,
169, 184, 235, 242
125, 127, 130, 136, 154–6,
Ignatius of Loyola 128–9, 144, 181,
169, 184–5, 242, 244, 265
303
Pythagorean 19, 27, 43, 57,
Inchofer, Melchior
62, 80, 84–7, 91–3, 99, 125,
and Barberini, Francesco 203,
136, 152–3, 157, 161, 167,
210, 215, 258
341
burned alive
and Bruno 205, 207, 209, 216,
70, 84–7, 91, 111, 136, 142,
230–32
145, 148, 193, 240–41,
denies Earth’s motion 204–11,
273–4
of Florence 142, 193, 253
against Galileo 198–9, 203–5,
of Modena 114
209–11, 216, 219–20, 263,
of Naples 28, 115, 117–21,
272, 275
171–2, 183
on heresies 211, 219, 220–25,
origins of 26
228–30, 240, 243, 245, 263,
of Rome 14, 26–8, 44–101, 127,
278
136, 140, 142–52, 160, 169,
and the Jesuits 258
182–279
against the new Pythagoreans
of Spain 259–60
(Copernicans) 199, 203–32,
and torture 70–71, 88, 101,
240, 263, 272
117–21, 182–3, 200, 251
denies other worlds 208–9, 213, of Venice 37–45, 47, 63, 88, 92,
216–20, 241
94, 101
and Riccardi 198, 200, 272
see also Bellarmine
denies the soul of the world
see also Sfondrato
206, 209–10, 220–26, 229,
Irenaeus, St 58, 66, 94, 152–3, 230,
243, 246
234, 243, 265
Index of Forbidden Books
Isidore, St 60–61, 66–7, 162, 212,
banned Aventinus 188, 217
219, 241, 244, 265
and Barberini, Maffeo 143, 170
Isocrates 18
and Bellarmine 56, 124, 134–5,
150–52, 158, 163, 248
Jerome, St 17, 28, 53–4, 58–62, 66,
and Bruno 9, 11, 17, 30, 70–71,
94–5, 133, 135, 153–6, 169, 181,
120, 123, 151, 169–70
184–5, 218, 230, 241, 258, 265,
banned Campanella 120, 179
270
and Copernicus 151, 164–5,
Jesuits
179, 227–8, 239–40, 246
against Galileo 16, 130, 158,
banned Erasmus 28
200, 211, 215–42, 271–2
banned Fludd 243
origins of 20, 128
banned Foscarini 149–51, 157,
ridiculed 127–30
160, 179, 271, 275
see also Bellarmine, Caussin,
and Galileo 197, 214, 217
Clavius, Pineda, Valentia,
banned Kepler 163, 179
Delrio, Ignatius, Inchofer,
origins of 26–7
Lagalla, Lapide, La Cazre,
banned ‘Pythagorean’ works 14,
Possevino, Ricci, Rubio,
151, 163–4, 170, 179, 227–8,
Romaeus, Scheiner,
239–40, 246, 271, 274–5
Serarius
approved Schoppe 169
Jesus Christ
and Sfondrato 145, 150, 152
and Bruno 15, 30, 33, 37, 39,
banned Stellato 53
45–6, 62, 65, 67, 80, 82–3,
banned Telesio 117
90, 92, 94, 127, 181, 260
Ingoli, Francesco 243
many Christs 61
Inquisition
and Galileo 254
consultants of 198–9, 204, 212,
in Hell 172
232, 272
and magic 38, 83, 88, 92, 127,
consultors of 27, 47, 63–7,
272
342
Index
and miracles 22, 38, 83, 88, 92,
Lorini, Niccolò 137, 139–40, 142,
181, 247, 272, 278
146
and Porphyry 20, 266–7
Lucian of Samosata 29, 34, 59, 62,
compared to Pythagoras 8, 19,
100, 104, 161, 242, 244–5
22, 33, 43, 53, 66, 92–3, 118, Luther, Martin 16, 22–3, 36, 79,
153, 167, 246, 264–5, 270
91–2, 96, 98–9, 103, 127, 134,
as sailor in a ship 169
152, 163, 169–70, 182, 259–60,
as soul of the world 323
271–2
and the Trinity 38, 45, 69, 118
conflated with the world 236
Macrobius 53, 185, 264
and worlds 61, 164, 174–5, 181, Madruzzo, Cardinal Lodovico 93, 96
213, 219, 259–60
Maestlin 103, 114, 188, 238
John of Damascus, St 224, 225
magic 16, 19, 22, 30–31, 35–8, 42,
Justin Martyr 51, 53, 57, 135, 169,
62, 76–8, 81–3, 88, 90–92, 115,
258
127, 137, 166, 170, 174, 183,
185, 197, 231–6, 263, 266, 272
Kepler, Johannes
Mani 98, 216, 220–21, 243
and Bruno 9–11, 16, 100, 106,
Manichaeans 98–9, 183, 216, 220,
108–9, 130, 133–4, 163–4
229, 243, 262
death of 184, 216
Marius, Simon 138
denounced 134, 139, 163–4,
Martínez, Rafael 214
170, 179, 188–90, 210, 213,
Mayer, Thomas F. 39, 45, 91, 300
216–20, 228
Mersenne, Marin 180–81, 223, 223,
on Earth’s motion 104–5, 109,
272
162–3, 253
Metrodorus 98, 218, 296
and Galileo 106–7, 162, 220
Mocenigo, Giovanni 37–8, 44–5, 47,
as Pythagoras reborn 105
65–6, 80–82, 94, 156, 158
on the Pythagoreans 136–7,
Moon
152, 162–3, 242, 268–9
as another Earth 15, 40, 59,
and the soul of the world 134,
64, 101, 110, 113, 121, 128,
159, 162–3, 166, 188, 190,
131–3, 164, 177, 190, 219,
239, 243, 270
222–3, 269, 274
on transmigration 105–6
demons on 19, 100, 104, 129,
and worlds 103–10, 113–14,
132, 266
131, 162, 164, 176, 179, 220, Hell on 129
238, 242, 261–2
and heresy 56, 59–60, 64, 97,
118, 123, 137–8, 165, 188,
La Cazre, Pierre 255–6
196–7, 217, 219, 225, 241,
Lactantius 23, 53, 58, 95, 109, 135,
244–5, 261–2
152, 156, 164, 169, 171, 184–5,
inhabited 11, 19, 34, 59, 100,
217, 225, 234, 236, 272
104, 108, 110, 113–14, 124,
Lagalla, Giulio Cesare 130–33, 137,
128–9, 131–3, 137–8, 143,
158, 162, 169, 242
150, 176, 181, 184, 192,
Lansberge, Philippe van 216, 221–2,
196–7, 209, 213, 219–20,
226
223, 238–9, 245, 262, 264,
Lapide, Cornelius 253–4
269
Leucippus 98, 100, 136, 140, 164, 218
mountains on 10–11, 15, 110,
Longomontanus, Christen Sørensen
113–14, 121, 127–8, 130–32,
169
141–3, 150, 175, 190, 219
343
burned alive
soul of 41, 55–6, 102, 123–4,
234, 238, 262
133, 153, 220, 223–5, 243,
Osiander, Andreas 134, 170, 228
264
Ovid 18, 21, 30, 44, 54, 62, 124, 166,
travel to 18, 104, 129, 185, 266,
171, 173, 212, 239, 266
275
two or many 10, 35, 59–60, 97,
Padiglia, Placido 125–6, 137, 270
110–13, 130, 138, 141, 145,
Pamelius, Jacob 69
165, 187–8, 194, 213, 217,
Petreto, Augustino 103, 145, 159,
261, 266
270
Morhoff, Daniel 260–62
Philaster, St 59, 6
1, 91, 95, 152, 169,
Morin, JeanBaptiste 189–90
194, 212, 219, 221, 229, 241,
Moses 33, 45, 77, 80–81, 90–92,
262
118, 125, 147, 164, 177, 205–7,
Philolaus 23–4, 35, 54–5, 124, 131,
236–9
133, 136, 140, 166, 173, 222
Muti, Cardinal Tiberio 150–51, 172, Philostratus 31, 37, 43, 55, 66, 135,
245
154–5, 169, 185, 210, 266, 269
Muti, Giacomo 150–51, 172, 245
Photius 125
Piccolomini, Francesco 100–101,
Nancel, Nicholas de 136–7, 162,
159, 162, 242, 270
194, 242
Pico della Mirandola 22, 169, 235
Naudé, Gabriel 244–5, 272, 278
Pineda, Juan de 102, 121
Newton, Isaac 254–5
Plato 21–3, 60, 102, 105, 116, 133–4,
Niccolini, Francesco 194–5, 198,
154, 162, 184, 219, 222, 235
200, 252–3
Bruno on 35, 37, 42, 55, 155
Nicholas of Cusa 24–5, 35, 55, 113,
criticized 21, 35, 53, 156, 208,
130, 172, 238, 261–2
229, 233, 242–3
Novatian, Bishop 67–70, 87, 134,
on Earth’s motion 55, 140, 173
153, 159, 162, 270
Galileo and 106, 140, 192, 269
and heresies 229, 242, 243
Origen Adamantius
and Pythagoras 18, 56, 105–6,
and the animal Earth 122, 225,
112, 238, 269
239, 243
on the soul of the world 42, 51,
Bruno on 37, 62, 94, 231
102, 116, 124, 243
on Earth’s motion 122, 173,
on souls 37, 53, 244, 87, 156,
212
183
and heresies 56, 58, 59, 94,
on the universe 33
123, 128, 153, 221–2, 225,
on worlds 238
232, 243–4
Pliny 97, 133, 169, 171, 177, 186,
and Kepler 162
236
vs the Pythagoreans 53, 122
Plotinus 56, 116, 133–4, 162, 169,
soul of the world 122–3, 156,
210, 235, 257
210, 221–2, 224–5, 234, 239, Plutarch and ‘Plutarch’ 19, 23, 30,
243, 270
100, 104–5, 110, 113, 124, 127,
on Sun, Moon, stars 56, 122–3,
131–3, 161, 169 177, 185, 202,
156, 168, 216, 224–5, 243
210, 218, 235, 238, 242
on worlds 59, 61–2, 96, 136,
Popes
172, 181, 218–19, 231
Clement i 43
Orpheus 21, 87, 101–2, 127, 131,
Clement viii 45, 60, 63, 67, 70,
133, 164, 212, 222, 224, 226,
82, 91, 93, 97, 119, 123
344
Index
Dionysius 59
and Hell 18–19, 21, 168–70,
Gregory xiii 61,
173, 205–6, 210, 264–5
Innocent ii 52
and Inchofer 199, 205–32, 263
John xxi 51
Kepler on 105–6, 112–13,
Leo x 23, 103, 170,
162–3, 268–9
Leo xiii 47
and the Lincei 137