The Secret History of Food
Page 26
female genital mutilation, 46
feminists, 45–46
fennel, 51
fermented foods, 171
Fernández-Armesto, Felipe, 58
fertilizers, 63, 64, 67, 148n
figs, 25, 135
fire, 12–13, 60
fireworks, 66
fish, 21–23, 33, 61n, 64, 130, 133, 135, 178, 187–90
chemicals in, 187
mislabeling of, 188–90, 192
salted, 128
trash, 182
fish allergies, 65
fishing nets, 22
fish scales, 133
Flamin’ Hot Cheetos, 169
Flamin’ Hot Mac n’ Cheetos, 151
flea-wort sap, 51
flies, 76–77, 89
Florida, 89
flounder, 22
flour, 39–40
refined white vs. whole wheat, 42–43
flower nectar, 80
food
additives and, 190–92
allergies and, 65
appearance of, 157–58
beliefs and, 178
choice and, 3–4, 142–47, 149–61
cooking and, 12
distribution of, 14
labeling, 65, 87–89, 96, 186–91
preservation of, 93, 128, 170–71
production of, 140
quality of, 57
as remedy, 47
safety and, 10–11, 11n
shelf life of, 9
soft, energy-efficient, 11
war and, 104–10, 116–17
waste and, 158
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 77, 80, 89, 96–97, 185–86
food coloring, 132
food delivery apps, 140
food deserts, 141
food porn, 157
food stylists, 157–58
forced labor, 14
forks, 11, 18–19
foulbrood epidemics, 88
Fourth of July cookouts, 33
France, 6, 13, 92, 105, 126, 180
ice cream and, 99–100
Julia Child and, 167n
pate and, 31
peasant breads, 129
potatoes and, 180
slavery outlawed by, 95
vanilla industry and, 95
WW I and, 107, 109
Frank, Robert, 141
Franklin, Benjamin, 24, 32–33, 73
Freeman, Carrie Packwood, 145
freezer burn, 66
French bulldog, 61
French fries, 50, 142–43, 159, 180
French proverbs, 139
French toast, 133, 185
French vanilla, 97n, 175
Freon, 109
fried foods, 65
Friedrich Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, 180
frogs, 51
Froot Loops, 49
Frosted Flakes, 38, 49
Frosted Mini-Wheats, 49
frozen foods, 65
fruit flies, 5
fruit juice, 190
fruit pits, 103
fruits, 7, 10, 21–22, 25, 39, 140–41
appearance of, 158
poison and, 181
Fruity Pebbles, 36n, 50, 150–51
Frumenty, 24n
fudge, mock, 113n
fuel, 63–64, 66
Funderburg, Anne Cooper, 99, 101
fungicides, 63
funguses, 165
Funny Jungleland Moving Pictures Book, 49
gabgu bird egg, 81n
gall, 82
game, 21, 51, 128
García Márquez, Gabriel, 115
garlic, 4, 51
geese, 20, 123
pie, 19
tongues, 51
General Hospital (TV show), 68
General Mills, 50
genetic preferences, 6–7, 10
genitals, 94, 170
Germany, 6, 31, 75, 106, 134, 179
WW I and, 107, 109–10
Giant Flaked Corn, 48
giblet pie, 19
gin, 65
ginger, 45, 135
gingerbread latte, 148
ginger omelettes, 51
ginseng, 51n
Gladwell, Malcolm, 152–53
glitter, edible, 150
Glossographia (Blound), 75
glucose oxidase, 81
gluten-free products, 65
gluttony, 122, 140
goats, 13
goat’s milk, 84
goat’s testicle, 51
gochujang, 169
Goldberger, Joseph, 71
Golden Age, 124
Goldenrod, 31
goldfish-swallowing, 173
Goldman, Jason G., 163
Good Humor Bar, 111–12
Goulding, Harold, 116
Graham, Sylvester, 39–42, 51–52
graham crackers, 39
Graham flour, 42–43, 50
Grahamites, 41
granola, 47
Granose, 47
granula, 43, 47, 50
grapefruit, 7
Grape-Nuts, 48, 50
grapes, 51, 77–78, 86, 125
Great Depression, 102, 178
Greece, ancient, 52–53, 74, 82–83, 98, 125, 182
Gregory I, Pope, 127
grocery stores, 149, 155, 158
grocery subscription services, 140
gruel, 43
Guide into Tongues (Minsheu), 75
Guillain-Barré syndrome, 183
Habañero, 165
haddock, 130, 190
hake, 130
halibut, 51, 189
Halloween, 150
hallucinogens, 75, 84n, 89
hamburger buns, 140
hamburgers, 142, 144, 159, 182
Hampl, Jeffrey, 69
Hampl, William, 69
hamsters, 70
Handwerker, Nathan, 111–12
Hansel and Gretel, 134, 136
Happy Meal, 146
hare, 21
hare pie, 18
hare soup, 51
haricot beans, 51
harissa, 169
Harlan, Jack Rodney, 58
Harry Potter films, 176
Harvard University, 173
harvest festivals, 122–25, 133, 136
“Having It His Way” (Freeman and Merskin), 145
health reformers, 38–39, 48, 52
Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, 184
Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, 184
heart disease, 6
Heidrun, 84
Heinz, 151
hen, 132
Henisch, Bridget Ann, 127–28
Henry IV, King of England, 129
Henry VII, King of England, 190
herbal supplements, 192
herbicides, 105
herbs, bitter, 52
heron, 129–30
herpes, 80, 89
herring, 22, 51, 130
Herz, Rachel, 159–60
hickory nuts, 25
Higginson, Francis, 22, 23
high-fat diet, 5–6
Higman, B.W., 59, 159
Hindi weddings, 74
History of Cooks and cooking, A (Symons), 160–61
History of Weapons, A (O’Bryan), 103
Hitler, Adolf, 74–75, 89
homblys de roo, 130
honey, 14, 73–89, 147
babies and, 75
counterfeit, 87–89
crystallization of, 75n, 88
as embalming fluid, 82
hallucinogenic, 75, 84n
mad, 87
medicinal use of, 80–81
as preservative, 82
torture and, 83–84, 89
toxins and, 84
unconventional sources and, 86–87
weights of, 190
honeybees, 77, 79n, 80, 167n
Honeycomb cereal, 50
honeymoon, 75
Hooters, 145
Hoover, Herbert, 106–10
hops, 86
&nbs
p; horse penis, 51
horseradish, 51
horses, 21
Hosford Cereal and Grain Company, 48
hot dogs, 111–12
hot sauce, 168, 174
Howard Johnson’s, 110–11, 114
human sacrifice, 84n, 89
humble pie (umble pie), 20, 27
hunter gatherers, 56–60
hydrogen peroxide, 81
hydrolyzed vegetable protein, 65
Hygienic Food Company, 48
hyperkeratosis, 69
iceberg lettuce, 159
ice cream, 97–102, 106–19, 122, 158
fat-free, 150, 157
WW I and, 106, 108–10
WW II and, 113–14, 116–18
ice cream bars, 109, 111, 113
Ice Cream Review, The, 108
Iceland, 171
India, 6, 88, 171
Indonesia, 88, 169,-70
Industrial Revolution, 57, 61n
industrial waste, 86
infanticide, 75
infants
honey and, 75, 81–82
vanilla and, 119
inherited diet and food preferences, 3–7
inositol, 65
insecticide, 63, 77n
Inside Edition, 189
Institute of Medicine, 192
intercropping, 62
Invasion of the Body Snatchers (film), 72
Iraq War, 175
Irish cream, 175
iron, 191
Iroquois, 62–63, 68–69
irrigation, 63–64
Italy, 18
Iyengar, Sheena, 154–56
jackal, gall of, 51
Jackson, James C., 43, 47
Jack the Ripper, 46n
jalapeños, 169, 175
jams, 155–56
Japan, 52, 103, 114, 116
jaw size, 11
Jefferson, Thomas, 99–100
Jergenson, Jorg, 116
Jersey Bran Flakes, 48
Jesus Christ, 125–27, 133
Jewish traditions, 52, 74, 84
Johnny Appleseed, 25
Johnson, Howard, 91, 110
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 191
Journal of Medicine and Science, 17
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 69–70
Jungle Book, The (Kipling), 29
Jurassic Park (film), 63
Kaczynski, Ted “Unabomber,” 40, 57
kale, 7
Kazakhstan, 18
Kellogg, John Harvey, 43–49, 52, 53
Kellogg, John L. and Helen, Foundation, 49
Kellogg, Will “W.K.,” 48–50
Kellogg, W.K., II, 49
Kellogg Company, 50, 146
Corn Flakes, 49
Honey Smacks, 38n
Kennett, Lee, 116
Kerrygold butter, 66
ketchup, 65, 151
jalapeño, 175
KFC, 151
Kim, Heejung, 148
kingbird, 32
Kipling, Rudyard, 29
Kitchen Confidential (Bourdain), 188
knives, 11, 13
koalas, 8
Korea, 169
Korn-Kinks, 48
kosher food, 79–80, 89
Kyrgyzstan, 18
lactase, 8
lactic acid, 171
lactose intolerance, 8, 37
Laden, Osama bin, 87
Ladies’ Guide in Health and Disease (Kellogg), 46
Ladurie, Emmanuel Le Roy, 133
lamb pie, 19
lamb’s testicles, 18
lamprey, 51, 178
lamprey pie, 18
langostino, 189
lanterns, 124
lark, 130
Latin America, 64n
lattes, seasonal, 148
Launer, John, 172
Lawson, John, 22–23
lead, sugar of (lead acetate), 78, 89
lead poisoning, 78n, 84n, 88, 179–81, 187, 192
leeks, 51, 133
Legionnaires’ disease, 158
lemon balm, 24n
lemon juice, 171
lemons, 25
Lent, 52, 128, 132–34, 169
leprosy, 180
lettuce, 86, 159
Lewis, Morris, 117
Lexington, Battle of, 17
Lexington, USS (carrier), 114
LGBTQ, 93
life expectancy, 41
lima beans, 9
lime juice, 171
limes, 25, 86
Limited Edition Chocolate Frosted Flakes with Spoooky Marshmallows, 49
Lincoln, Abraham, 28
ling tail, 130
listeria, 183
lizard, powdered, 51
lobster ravioli, 189
lobster rolls, 189
lobsters, 21–22, 189–90
Lockwood, Jeffrey A., 83
locust beans, 77
long pepper, 131, 164n
Louisiana State University, 86
LSD, 78n
Lucky Charms, 50
Luilekkerland, 134–36
lust, 50–51
lysine, 68
macaroni and cheese, 150
MacClancy, Jeremy, 50–51, 142–43
mace, 131
Macedonia, 70
mackerel, 51
Macrae, David, 15
Madagascar, 94, 95
maggots, 186
magic mushrooms, 84n
magpie, 20
Malaysia, 88
malt, 65
maltodextrin, 65–66
Mamet, David, 15
mandrakes, 179
Manuka honey, 87
maple syrup, 77
Mapl-Flake, 48
maraschino cherries, 86
marbits, 37
Mardudjara aboriginals, 173
marjoram, 51
Markel, Howard, 43, 47n
Markus, Hazel Rose, 148
marshmallow nut sundaes, 28
marshmallows, 37, 64
masculinity, 172–73
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 18n-19n, 25
masturbation, 39, 41–42, 178
Matcha powder, 147
matches, 66
Mayans, 83, 84n
Mayflower, 25
mayonnaise, fat-free, 157
McBride, Anne E., 157
McDonald’s, 11, 26, 141–43, 146, 149n, 159–60, 178, 182
Mead, William Edward, 131
Mean Genes (Burnham and Phelan), 176
meat, 133, 184–85. See also specific types
agriculture and, 57
animal feed and, 64
carved, 122
color and freshness of, 10
contamination of, 96
frozen, 66
health reformers and, 39
Lent and, 52
medieval feasts and, 128–30
preservation of, 128
raw, 125
weight of, 190
WW I and, 108
Meatless Mondays, 108
meat sauces, 185
mercury, 189
meringue, 131
Merskin, Debra, 145
methamphetamine, 63
meurtrières (murder holes), 103
Mexico, 65, 94
mice, 5, 61n
microorganisms, 80–81
Middle Ages, 20, 74, 83, 123, 128–38, 150
Middle East, 77
Miles, Clement A., 121, 127
milk, 5, 7–8, 11n, 24, 36–37, 115, 135, 160
raw, 183
milk allergies, 7–8, 65, 150n
milk pudding, 51
milkshakes, 115, 142
millwell, 130
mince pie, 27
minerals, 43
minnows, 130
Minsheu, John, 75
mint, 4, 86, 132
mistletoe, 124
mocha, 147, 175
molasses, 71
Monell Chemical Senses Center, 166
Mongols, 98
monkfish, 189, 192
monosodium glutamate (MSG), 65
morning glory, 84n
Morocco, 187
Morris, Robert, 98–99
Moskowitz, 152–53, 155
mothers, pregnancy and lactation and, 3–6
moths, 61n
Mötley Crüe, 122
mountain gorillas, 10
Mount Vernon, 98
MREs (meal, ready-to-eat), 174–75
Much Depends on Dinner (Visser), 117–18
muffins, 28n
mugwort, 51
Munkittrick, R.K., 26–27
mushroom pizza, 185
musk, 51
mussels, 21–23, 133, 167, 188n
mustard, 45, 86
mustard sandwiches, 102
Namibian warthog rectum, 171
Napoleon, 105
Nathan’s Famous hot dogs, 111–12
Nation, 28
national bird, 32
National Biscuit Company (later Nabisco), 39
national flower, 31
National Geographic, 173
Native Americans, 21, 23n, 77, 83
natural selection, 61n
Nestlé, 191
Nestle, Marion, 188
Netherlands, 6
New Coke, 67
New England, 17, 33, 26–31
Nesquick cereal, 191
Newtown Pippin, 32
New York
beekeepers, 86
subways, 168
New York Times, 29–30, 85
New Zealand, 6
niacin, 68–69, 192
niacin deficiency, 68–72
niacin supplements, 71
Ninjin, 51
nitrogen, 62
Nix, John, 179
nixtamalization, 68, 69
Noble, Barbara Presley, 186
nontasters, 7
Norse traditions, 84, 124, 126
North Africa, 169
Northwestern University, 49
Norway, 6
nostalgia, 37, 117–19
nutmeg, 51, 135
nutrients and nutrition
cold cereal and, 37
cooking and, 9, 11–12
guidelines, 183–88
hunting and gathering vs. agriculture and, 57–59
wheat bran and germ and, 42–43
nut shells, 103
Nuttolene, 47
Nuttose, 47
nux vomica (poison nut), 40
oat-cakes, 31
oatmeal, 24
obesity, 2–3, 5–6, 14, 17n
O’Bryan, John, 103
Odin, 84
O’Donnell, Sean, 76
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 167n
Ohio, 25
oil, hot, 103–5
oilfish, 182, 189, 192
oil lamps, 124
okra, 86
Old Blue Raw Honey, 86
Old Cola Drinkers of America, 67–68
olfactory capacity, 6
olisbokollix, 51
olive oil, 186–87
counterfeit, 187, 192
olives, 86
Olmsted, Larry, 186–87
omega-3 content, 187, 191
O’Neill, Molly, 157
onions, 86, 181
opium, 40
OR6A2 gene, 6
oral sex, 173
orange roughy (slimehead), 182
oranges, 25, 86