African American soldiers, 335, 355, 377, 386, 406, 411
Allen, John, 28
Allison, John S., 139–40, 164, 216
Alvarado, Luis de Moscoso, 88
Alvarez de Piñeda, Alonso, 88
American Colonization Society, 30, 116, 130, 187, 238
American Revolution, 19, 26, 293, 421
American System, 31–32, 36, 38, 39, 47, 50, 72, 80, 95, 140, 156, 218, 306, 416, 421
Anderson, Robert, 264, 273, 292, 297
Anti-Nebraska Movement, 206, 207–9, 248
antiphony, 251–52
anti-Semitism, 332–33, 336, 338
Arabian Tales, The, 12
Archer, William, 216
Aristotle, 70
Arizona Territory, 215
Arkansas secession, 297–98
Arlington National Cemetery, 412
Armstrong, Jack, 40, 44
Army of Northern Virginia, 344, 399, 406
Army of the Potomac, 310, 316–19, 344–45, 377, 378–79, 393–94
Arthur, Chester, 412
Ashley, James, 384
assassination of Lincoln, 405–7, 409–11
Back-to-Africa movement, 116, 130, 187, 195–96
Baker, Edward, 74, 83, 108, 110, 141
Bank of the United States, 36–37, 51, 61, 97, 125, 135, 218, 237
Banks, Nathanial, 310
Bank War, 36–37, 51, 61, 81–82, 97, 125, 237
Barnburners, 136, 145
Barney, Hiram, 374
Bates, Edward, 113, 202
attorney general, 287, 341, 374–75, 402
Blair’s dismissal, 374–75
election of 1860, 247, 255–56, 258–59, 292
post-election, 271–72, 273
Bates, Hervey, 274
Bates House, 274
Battle of Antietam, 318, 330, 345
Battle of Buena Vista, 106, 112, 114–15
Battle of Bull Run, 310, 323, 362
Battle of Chancellorsville, 345, 354
Battle of Chattanooga, 353
Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, 333
Battle of Cold Harbor, 377
Battle of Fisher’s Hill, 379
Battle of Fort Sumter, 296–98, 303–4
Battle of Fredericksburg, 318–19, 345
Battle of Gettysburg, 344–45, 354
Battle of Mine Run Creek, 353
Battle of Monterrey, 105
Battle of New Orleans, 29, 299, 300, 355
Battle of Palo Alto, 105
Battle of Resaca de la Palma, 105
Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse, 377
Battle of the Monongahela, 18
Battle of the Wilderness, 377, 378
Battle of Vicksburg, 333, 354
Battle of Winchester, 379
Battle of Yellow Tavern, 377
Battle of York, 305
Battle of Yorktown, 119
Baxter, Maurice, 210–11
Beecher, Henry Ward, 156
Bell, John, 260
Benton, Thomas Hart, 29–30, 132, 147, 166, 178, 216
Bible, 15–16, 17, 23, 71, 229, 391
Biddle, Nicholas, 36, 38, 97
biographies, 17–20
Birney, James, 91
birth of Lincoln, 10
Bissell, William, 217
Black Code, 9
Black Hawk War, 5, 6–7, 43–45, 59, 63, 170, 293, 305
black suffrage, 209, 390–91, 395, 404
Blair, Francis Preston, 90, 219
Civil War, 290–94, 318, 361, 386–87
election of 1860, 255–56, 258
election of 1864, 376
opposition to slavery, 219, 248, 290–91
Supreme Court and, 381–82
Blair, Francis Preston, Jr., 288, 371, 376
Blair, Montgomery, 401
Civil War, 290–94, 295, 329
dismissal of, 374–76, 379
Dred Scott case, 219–20, 288
postmaster general, 288, 290–94, 374–76
Supreme Court and, 381–82
Bleeding Kansas, 201, 212–17, 224–25, 231, 236, 246, 261
Bloomington Convention (1856), 208–12
Blount, William, 27
Blumenthal, Sidney, 82, 117, 414–15
Boone, Daniel, 119
Booth, John Wilkes, 404–5
Boston Slave Riots, 181
Botts, John, 123
Bowdoin College, 263
Braddock, Edward, 18
Bragg, Braxton, 353
Bramlette, Thomas, 368
Brayman, Mason, 252
Breckinridge, John, 260
Breese, Sidney, 112
Bright, John, 290
Brooks, Noah, 288, 291, 402–3
Brooks, Preston, 213
Brown, John, 214
Browning, Orville
ambition of Lincoln, 48, 153
background of, 45
Civil War, 264, 317, 318, 319–20, 324, 325–27, 330–31, 385, 388, 406–7
election of 1858, 226
election of 1860, 256, 257, 258
election of 1864, 360–61
First Inaugural Address of Lincoln, 276–77, 282
formation of Republican Party, 202, 204, 209–11
later life and death of, 418–19
legal career of, 54, 75, 108, 157, 353–54
“Long Nine” and, 62–63
Mary Todd and, 84, 85, 151
presidency of Lincoln, 273–74, 315, 317, 318, 319–20, 322, 324, 325–27, 330–31, 340–42, 353–54, 361, 369, 382, 385, 388, 401–2, 406–7
relationship with Lincoln, 7, 45, 48, 151, 158, 264, 303–4, 330, 353–54, 360, 361, 369, 401–2, 406–7
Senate appointment of, 303–4
Springfield Debates, 74, 230
Supreme Court appointments, 340–42, 343, 382
Brown’s Indian Queen Hotel, 120
Buchanan, James
education of, 263
election of 1832, 37
election of 1856, 201–2, 214–17, 221
presidency of, 219, 224, 253, 277–78, 289, 291, 293, 306, 312, 314, 338, 378, 415
secretary of state, 101
Bunn, John, 150, 203
Bunyan, John, 23
Burlingame, Michael, 16, 72, 76, 77, 129, 310–11, 414–15
burning of Francis McIntosh, 68
Burns, Robert, 22, 41–42, 154, 332
Burr, Aaron, 27–29, 337
Bush, George W., 425
Butler, Andrew Pickens, 213
Butler, Benjamin, 306
Butterfield, Justin, 142, 143
Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez, 88
Cabinet. See also specific members of Cabinet
assembling, 6, 271–72, 273–74, 284–89, 290
crisis of 1862, 319–22
first meetings, 290–92
presidential relations, 315–16
principle of rotation, 311–15
reconfiguring of, 372–76
Cadwallader, George, 299
Calhoun, John (surveyor), 6, 74
Calhoun, John C., 63, 132, 147, 278
death of, 176–77
election of 1828, 35
secretary of war, 39, 92
Senate career of, 52, 167, 175, 176–77, 348–49
Texas annexation, 92, 99, 100
vice presidency of, 33, 35–36, 52, 98, 99, 100, 275, 276, 400
California, 99, 165, 168, 171, 176–77
Cameron, Simon
death of Douglas, 303
secretary of war, 159, 272, 286–88, 295, 309, 313–14, 403
Campbell, Alexander, 187
Campbell, John, 338, 340–41, 385, 397
caning of Charles Sumner, 213
Carey, Henry Charles, 156, 416
Carlin, Thomas, 78
Cartwright, Peter, 110–11
Cass, Lewis, 135–36, 137, 139, 140, 144, 214
Catron, John, 219
Centre College, 44, 63
chain o
f command, 308–9, 395
Chambers, John, 313
Chandler, Zachariah, 374
Charleston Bay, 264, 273, 293, 295
Chase, Salmon P. election of 1856, 215
election of 1860, 121, 248, 254, 255, 258–59
election of 1864, 368–73
formation of Republican Party, 202
post-election, 271–72, 286–87
Supreme Court appointment, 382–83
treasury secretary, 286–87, 289, 293, 312, 313, 314, 319, 321–22, 370, 372–73, 403, 418
Chenery House, 276
Chernow, Ron, 365
Chicago Tribune, 236, 253–54
“Chronicles of Reuben” (Lincoln), 22
Churchill, Winston, 414
Cicero, 70
Cisco, John, 372
Civil War. See also specific battles and figures
Confederate surrender, 394–95, 399, 406
Confiscation Acts, 324–29
early war, 264, 273, 277, 290–98
election of 1864, 359–62, 367–73, 376–77, 379–80
Emancipation Proclamation, 329–32, 334, 335–36, 357, 388, 411
Gettysburg Address (1863), 345–53, 390, 391
Hampton Roads Conference, 385–87, 389
Peace Conference of 1861, 270–71
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, 355–57
Proclamation of April 15, 297–98
suspension of habeas corpus, 298–302
Civil War-era monuments, 413–14
Civil War Military Draft Act, 344
Clausewitz, Carl von, 308
Clay, Cassius, 248
Clay, Henry
“American System” of, 31–32, 36, 38, 39, 47, 50, 72, 80, 95, 140, 156, 218, 306, 416, 421
background of, 26–27
Bank War, 36–37, 51, 61, 125, 237
Browning and, 210–11
Buchanan and, 201–2
Burr and, 27–29
Compromise of 1850, 173–80, 186, 198–99, 208, 249, 267, 280–82, 328
death of, 182–83
early political career of, 27–29, 30–31
election of 1824, 32–34, 53
election of 1824 and “corrupt bargain,” 34, 90, 101, 421
election of 1828, 34–35, 53
election of 1832, 4–5, 6, 9–10, 35–39, 48–49, 52, 53–54, 206, 247, 359, 380
election of 1840, 88, 90–91
election of 1844, 88–92, 93–94, 110, 117, 144, 210, 281
election of 1848, 132–40
Fillmore and, 171, 173, 174–75, 177, 178–80
as “the Great Compromiser,” 31, 93–94, 151
Jackson’s death and, 86, 87
legal career of, 26–27, 55
Lincoln-Douglas debates and, 233–35, 238–43
Lincoln’s eulogy for, 168, 182–88, 193
Lincoln’s possible meeting with, 113–17
Market Street Speech (1847), 114–17, 118, 126–27
Mary Todd and, 85, 114
as a mentor, 5, 38–39, 41, 47–48, 49–50, 67–68, 74, 88, 108, 113–14, 116–18, 148, 151, 152–53, 182–88, 194–95, 224, 247, 250–51, 274, 289, 335–36, 360, 384, 416–17, 420
Mexican War, 113–18, 125–27, 169
Missouri Compromise, 30–31, 47, 195, 219, 220, 249
oratory of, 31, 71, 108, 114–18, 147, 160, 175, 177, 227, 272, 346–47, 349, 350–51
political vision of, 32–33, 36–37, 62, 87, 163, 357, 422
Polk and, 144–45
secretary of state, 273, 285
as “self-made man,” 5, 47–48, 55, 422
Taylor and, 132–44, 152–53, 164, 166, 168, 169
Texas annexation and, 88–90
Van Buren and, 66, 67
Whig Party and, 25, 183, 185, 206, 210–11
Clay, Henry, Jr., 113, 114, 125, 169
Clay, James, 271
Cleveland, Grover, 424
Clifford, Nathan, 221
Clinton, Bill, 425
Clinton, Hillary, 425
Cobb, Howell, 131–32
College of William & Mary, 263
Columbian Class Book, 12
Columbus Speech (1859), 246–47
“common man,” 47, 66, 263, 394, 422, 423
compensation, 324, 331, 385–86, 388, 411
Compromise of 1850, 173–82, 189, 190, 198–99, 208, 267, 280–82, 328
Confederate monuments, 413–14
Confederate States of America, 289, 295, 297–98, 299
Confiscation Acts, 324–29
Congressional Globe, 123
Congressional Taylor Club (Young Indians), 134–35
Constitution, U.S., 4, 20, 21, 87, 92, 249–50
Constitutional Convention, U.S., 27, 134, 242
Constitutional Unionist Party, 260
Cooper, James Fenimore, 17
Cooper Union Speech (1860), 247–52, 255
Cornwallis, Charles, Lord, 119
“corrupt bargain,” 34, 90, 101, 421
Corwin, Thomas, 288
court packing, 78–80
COVID-19 pandemic, 1, 426
Cowan, Edward, 360
Crawford, Elizabeth, 25
Crawford, George, 167
Crawford, William, 33–34
Crisis of 1819, 37
Crittenden, John, 202, 272, 276, 288, 323–24
election of 1848, 115, 132–33, 137–38, 140, 233
election of 1860, 244, 262
Crittenden-Johnson Resolution, 323–24, 327
Cumberland Road, 36
Curtin, Andrew, 347–48
Curtis, Benjamin, 221, 338, 418
Daniel, Peter, 338, 339–40
Davis, David, 157, 205
death of Stuart, 419–20
election of 1856, 216
election of 1860, 14, 255–59
election of 1864, 371
relationship with Lincoln, 75, 143–44, 149–50, 419–20
Supreme Court appointment, 340–42
Davis, Henry Winter, 356–57, 374
Davis, Jefferson, 147
Civil War, 289, 307–9, 311, 353, 380–81, 385, 386, 395, 396–97
death of, 413–14
death of Taylor, 170–71
election of 1860, 306
Mexican War, 167, 170, 307–8
secretary of war, 191–92
Senate career of, 95, 99, 132, 167, 170–71, 175, 189–90, 246
Dayton, William, 202, 216
Declaration of Independence, 5, 21, 119, 223, 269–70, 335, 348, 420, 421
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 87
Democratic Convention (1860), 259–60
Democratic Party, establishment of, 34–35
Dick, John, 300
Dickens, Charles, 17, 119
Dickey, Theophilus Lyle, 201
Dickinson College, 263
“Dilworth’s Spelling-Book,” 11–12
Dix, John, 306
Dixon, Archibald, 368
Donald, David Herbert, 11, 14, 31, 42, 229, 244, 312, 415
Douglas, Stephen, 162, 415
court-packing plan, 78–80
death of, 303–4
debates with Lincoln, 74, 107, 147, 200, 230–31. See also Great Debates of 1858
election of 1838, 64–67, 109
election of 1856, 7, 202, 214–15
election of 1858, 206, 227
election of 1860, 202, 254, 260, 261–62, 302
last months of, 297–98, 302–3
“Long Nine” and, 62–63
nickname of, 64–65
rivalry with Lincoln, 73, 152, 157, 196–97, 222–23, 230, 415
Senate career of, 112, 132, 179–80, 189–94, 196–97, 225–26, 227
slavery question, 2–3, 179–80, 189–94, 196–97, 200, 221–23, 225–26, 230
Douglass, Frederick, 232, 236, 241, 392–93
legacy of Lincoln, 410–11, 412–13, 423–24
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 219–23, 225,
229, 237, 299, 323, 328–29
Dresser, Charles, 85–86
Drummer, Henry, 54
Dubois, Jesse, 257
Eaton, John, 30, 34, 36, 38
education, 11–15, 41, 50, 55–56
Edwards, Benjamin, 75
Edwards, Cyrus, 141–42
Edwards, Elizabeth, 150
Edwards, Ninian W., 133, 141
Eighth Judicial Circuit of Illinois, 75
Eisenhower, Dwight, 425
election of 1824, 30, 32–34
election of 1828, 25, 34–35, 96–97
election of 1832, 4–5, 9–10, 34–39, 53–54
election of 1844, 88–92, 93–94
election of 1848, 95, 132–40, 233
election of 1852, 189–90
election of 1856, 7, 214–18
election of 1860, 14, 247–48, 252–60
Democratic National Convention, 259–60
electoral votes, 261–62
Lincoln’s campaign organization, 253–54
Lincoln’s compelling vision, 253
Lincoln’s lack of experience, 261, 262
party unity, 254
Republican National Convention, 254–59
election of 1864, 359–62, 367–73, 376–77, 379–80
election of 2020, 1, 461–62n
Electoral College
1824, 33–34
1828, 35
1860, 261–62
Polk on, 96
“Elegy in a Country Churchyard” (Gray), 21–22
Elliot, Jonathan, 249
Emancipation Proclamation, 329–32, 334, 335–36, 357, 388, 411
Emerson, John, 219
Emerson, Ralph (lawyer), 161
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 156, 350
Enrollment Act of 1863, 344
Era of Good Feelings, 32
Erie Railroad, 181
Euclid, 3, 155–56, 270
Everett, Edward, 345–46, 347, 350, 352
Ewing, James, 17
Ewing, Thomas, 141, 142, 143, 367
Farragut, William, 379
Federalist Party, 32, 218, 265
Fell, Jesse, 14
Fessenden, William, 320, 373–74, 389
Ficklin, Orlando, 120–21
Field, Alexander, 78–80
Field, David Dudley, 113, 343
Field, Maunsell, 372
Field, Stephen, 343
Field v. People of the State of Illinois, 78–80
Fifth Amendment, 191, 220
Fifteenth Amendment, 404
Fillmore, Millard
Compromise of 1850, 173–74, 175, 178, 180–81
death of Taylor, 170–72, 178
election of 1848, 135, 138, 139
election of 1856, 215, 217–18
Lincoln and, 268–69
presidency of, 2, 171–75, 178, 265, 288–89, 312, 400
First Inaugural Address (1861), 19, 272–74, 277–82, 303, 322–23, 389, 392
First Judicial Circuit of Illinois, 75, 157
Florida, 7, 20, 27, 30, 35, 43
Floyd, George, 414, 426
Ford, Thomas, 60
Ford’s Theater, 406–7
Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 333, 377, 406
Lincoln's Mentors Page 53