by Will Durant
16. Talleyrand, Memoirs, introduction by the Duc de Brogue, xxi.
17. Ibid., xxii.
18. viii-ix.
19. Talleyrand, Memoirs, I, 170–71.
20. Madelin, Talleyrand, 48, 83.
21. Rémusat, Memoirs, 85.
22. Ibid., 106.
23. Madelin, Talleyrand, 23.
24. Thiers, I, 61; Herold, ed., The Mind of Napoleon, 72.
25. Canton, Gustave, Napoléon antimilitariste, 34.
26. Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 89.
27. Ibid., 88; Taine, V, 141n.
28. Lefebvre, I, 74.
29. Bourrienne, I, 370.
30. Ibid., 372.
31. Jacques Bainville in Geyl, Peter, Napoleon: For and Against, 345.
32. Ibid., 344.
33. Bourrienne, I, 413.
34. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 93.
35. Napoleon, Letters, 84.
36. Thiers, I, 295.
37. Bourrienne, I, 419.
38. Ibid., II, 2.
39. 3.
40. Thiers, I, 236.
41. Ibid., 247.
42. 248.
43. Napoleon, Letters, 87.
44. Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 100.
45. Bourrienne, II, 22.
46. Ibid., I, 414.
47. Napoleon, Letters, 90.
48. Thiers, I, 322.
49. Bourrienne, I, 345; Méneval, Memoirs, I, 69; Thiers, I, 332.
50. Bourrienne, I, 351n.
51. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 108.
52. Morris, Gouverneur, Diary, 92.
53. Madelin, I, 113.
54. Las Cases, IV, 103.
55. Ibid.
56. Madelin, I, 150.
57. EB, VII, 12c.
58. Rose, J. H., Personality of Napoleon, 169.
59. In Geyl, 330.
60. Guérard, A. L., French Civilization in the 19th Century, 67.
61. Cardinal Consalvi in Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 19.
62. Taine, French Revolution, III, 474.
63. Las Cases, II, 253.
64. Bourrienne, II, 236.
65. CMH, IX, 186.
66. Staël, Mme. de, Considérations sur les principaux événements de la Révolution française, 376; Canton, 44; Herold, The Mind of Napoleon, 107.
67. Canton, 30–34.
68. Méneval, I, 188.
69. Canton, 37.
70. Ibid., I-3.
71. Bourrienne, II, 299.
72. Thiers, II, 302.
73. Bourrienne, II, 151.
74. This phrase had been applied to Frederick II of Sicily; see Durant, The Age of Faith, 714.
75. Morris, Diary, 115–16.
76. Ibid., 117; Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 176.
77. Bourrienne, II, 226; Lefebvre, I, 169.
78. Fouché, Joseph, Memoirs, I, 256–57.
79. Lefebvre, I, 180; Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 192; Kircheisen, Memoirs of Napoleon, I, 107.
80. CMH, IX, 29.
81. Lefebvre, I, 180–81.
82. Las Cases, IV, 186; Madelin, I, 193.
83. Rémusat, 39; Madelin, I, 193.
84. Kircheisen, 108.
85. Mistler, I, 120.
86. Lefebvre, I, 180–81; Méneval, I, 234.
87. Caulaincourt, Armand de, With Napoleon in Russia, 314.
88. Ibid., 317.
89. Lefebvre, I, 182; Madelin, I, 208.
90. Méneval, I, 249.
91. Madelin, Talleyrand, III.
92. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 218.
93. Bourrienne, II, 280.
94. Madelin, I, 210.
95. Las Cases, II, 67.
96. Rémusat, 137, 167.
97. Bourrienne, II, 264.
98. Las Cases, IV, 192.
99. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 227.
100. Rémusat, 108.
101. Mossiker, 271.
102. Madelin, I, 97.
103. Méneval, I, 278.
104. Madelin, I, 212.
CHAPTER VIII
1. Rose, Personality of Napoleon, 191.
2. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 240.
3. Las Cases, II, 133.
4. EB, XIII, 89c.
5. Masson, Frédéric, Napoleon and His Coronation, 229.
6. Pinoteau, Hervé, ed., Le Sacre de S. M. l’empereur Napoléon, p. xii.
7. Las Cases, III, 130; Madelin, Consulate and Empire, 244.
8. Masson, Coronation, 236.
9. Staël, Mme. de, Ten Years’ Exile, 151.
10. Rémusat, Memoirs, 249; Napoleon, Letters, 112.
11. Rémusat, 251.
12. Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 203; Madelin, I, 252 f.
13. Ibid., 235.
14. Rémusat, 293.
15. Bourrienne, III, 3.
16. Ibid.
17. Thiers, IV, 64.
18. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 269.
19. Wilson, P. W., William Pitt, 335.
20. Bourrienne, III, 52n.
21. Rémusat, 324.
22. Bourrienne, III, 47; Madelin, I, 300.
23. Ibid., 297.
24. Méneval, I, 405.
25. Rémusat, 442.
26. Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 255.
27. Madelin, I, 318.
28. Ibid., 316.
29. Rémusat, 453.
30. Mossiker, Napoleon and Josephine, 296.
31. CMH, IX, 279.
32. Robinson, Readings, 489.
33. Georg Brandes in Clark, B. H., Great Short Biographies of the World, 1080.
34. Rémusat, 459.
35. Méneval, II, 449.
36. Ibid., 463.
37. Vandal, Napoléon et Alexandre Ier, I, 65.
38. Bertaut, Napoleon in His Own Words, 8,9.
39. Rémusat, 534.
CHAPTER IX
1. Morris, Gouverneur, Diary, 98–99.
2. Las Cases, II, 192.
3. Mistler, Jean, ed., Napoléon et l’Empire, I, 145.
4. Ibid.; Stacton, David, The Bonapartes, 13.
5. Las Cases, II, 190; Mistler, I, 145.
6. Stacton, 16.
7. Las Cases, III, 321.
8. Rémusat, 323n.
9. Goodrich, F. B., The Court of Napoleon, 290–93.
10. Bourrienne, II, 110.
11. Napoleon, Letters, 190.
12. Ibid., 123.
13. Stendhal, La Chartreuse de Parme, 450.
14. Napoleon, Letters, 107.
15. Goodrich, 207.
16. Rose, Personality of Napoleon, 32.
17. In Goodrich, 271; Caulaincourt, With Napoleon in Russia, 14.
18. Talleyrand, Memoirs, I, 261.
19. Caulaincourt, 23.
20. Lefebvre, Napoleon, II, 19.
21. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 410.
22. Ibid., 411.
23. Talleyrand, Memoirs, I, 310–13.
24. Ibid., 316.
25. 328; Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 416.
26. Talleyrand, I, 337.
27. Madelin, Talleyrand, 78, 134.
28. Brandes, G., Goethe, II, 264.
29. Talleyrand, I, 318.
30. Lewes, George, Life of Goethe, II, 312.
31. Talleyrand, I, 326.
32. Ibid., 331.
33. 333.
34. Lewes, II, 313.
35. Las Cases, II, 134.
36. Méneval, II, 553.
37. Rose, Personality, 495.
38. Madelin, I, 425.
39. Lefebvre, Napoleon, II, 57.
40. Ibid.
41. Méneval, II, 563; Madelin, I, 436; Mistler, I, 150.
42. Herold, ed., The Mind of Napoleon, 175.
43. Lefebvre, II, 52.
44. Mossiker, Napoleon and Josephine, 328.
45. Rémusat, 376.
46. Ibid., 375.
47. Herold, The Mind of Napoleon, 22.
48. Bourrienne, II, 117; Méneval, II, 423.
49. Herold, 16.
50. Mossiker, Napoleon and Josephine, 151.
51. Las Cases, II, May 19, 1816.
52. Madelin, II, 15.
53. Ibid., 17.
54. Taine, The Modern Regime, I, 79n.
55. Kircheisen, Memoirs of Napoleon I, 149.
56. Méneval, II, 615.
57. Napoleon, Letters to Josephine, 222.
58. Las Cases, II, 185.
59. Ibid., 21.
60. Ibid., III, 275.
CHAPTER X
1. EB, X, 941d.
2. Rémusat, 47.
3. Las Cases, III, 258.
4. Mistler, I, 137.
5. Ross, E. A., Social Control, 276.
6. Auction Magazine, November 1971, p. 35.
7. Bourrienne, I, 311.
8. Méneval, I, 108.
9. Cronin, Vincent, Napoleon Bonaparte, 182.
10. Méneval, I, 416.
11. Ed.’s note to Bourrienne, I, 312.
12. Masson, F., Napoleon at Home, I, 90.
13. Méneval, I, 411.
14. MacLaurin, C., Post Mortem, 220; Howarth, David, Waterloo, 52 ff.
15. Las Cases, II, 252; MacLaurin, 222; Friedrich Kircheisen in New York Times, Feb. 26, 1931.
16. Méneval, I, 412.
17. Taine, Modern Regime, I, 44.
18. Rosebury, Theodor, Microbes and Morals, 158.
19. Las Cases, III, 146; I, 236.
20. Ibid., III, 391.
21. I, 392.
22. Taine, Modern Regime, I, 68.
23. Ibid., 69.
24. Ibid.
25. Bourrienne, I, 294.
26. Méneval, I, 346, 415.
27. Bourrienne, I, 309.
28. Las Cases, III, 346.
29. Herold, ed., The Mind of Napoleon, xvii.
30. Méneval, I, 353.
31. Taine, Modern Regime, I, 18 ff.
32. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 30.
33. Source lost.
34. Taine, I, 19; Madelin, 1,30.
35. Bourrienne, I, 315; Méneval, I, 356; Taine, I, 54.
36. Bourrienne, I, 310.
37. Las Cases, I, 251.
38. Napoleon, Letters, 68 (Oct. 7, 1797).
39. Sorel, Albert, Europe and the French Revolution, VI, 205, in Geyl, 251.
40. Fouché, Memoirs, II, 52.
41. Brandes, Main Currents, I, 29.
42. Lewes, Life of Goethe, II, 312.
43. Las Cases, I, 311.
44. Bourrienne, II, 102.
45. Taine, Modern Regime, I, 60.
46. Herold, ed., The Mind of Napoleon, 256.
47. Ibid., No. XXXVI.
48. Taine, I, 35.
49. Napoleon, Letters, III (Dec. 12, 1804).
50. Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 66.
51. Rémusat, 95.
52. Herold, 43.
53. Breed, Lewis, The Opinions and Reflections of Napoleon, 114.
54. Fouché, Memoirs, II, 18; Rémusat, 370.
55. Las Cases, I, 379; Lefebvre, I, 64.
56. Caulaincourt, 71.
57. Las Cases, III, 318.
58. Rose, Personality of Napoleon, 29.
59. Rémusat, 60.
60. Masson, Napoleon at Home, I, 163.
61. Bourrienne, I, 317.
62. Ibid., 328.
63. Méneval, I, 128.
64. Taine, Modern Regime, II, 45.
65. Las Cases, IV, 154–61.
66. Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 64.
67. Constant, Véry, Memoirs, I, 6 and xii.
68. Rémusat, 102.
69. Caulaincourt, 27.
70. Goodrich, Court of Napoleon, 375.
71. Ibid., 371.
72. Staël, Mme. de, Considérations, 334.
73. Méneval, I, 221.
74. Masson, Napoleon at Home, 168.
75. Méneval, I, 350; Las Cases, III, 345.
76. Méneval, I, 353.
77. Las Cases, III, 330.
78. In Rose, Personality, 119.
79. Bertaut, Napoleon in His Own Words, 125–26.
80. Herold, ed., Mind of Napoleon, 211.
81. Las Cases, II, 244.
82. Rose, 86.
83. Ibid., 200.
84. Bourrienne, III, 95.
85. Bertaut, 126.
86. Herold, 211.
87. Méneval, II, 534.
88. Rose, Personality, 119.
89. Herold, 217.
90. Rose, 110.
91. Herold, 217; Las Cases, II, 26.
92. Emerson, Representative Men, 254.
93. Canton, Napoléon antimilitariste, 146.
94. Bertaut, 122; Rose, Personality, 347; Guérard, French Civilization in the 19th Century, 62.
95. Bourrienne, I, 314.
96. Las Cases, II, 12.
97. CMH, IX, 114.
98. Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 227.
99. Canton, 214.
100. Herold, 206.
101. Quoted in Gooch, G. P., History and Historians in the 19th Century, 2d ed., 259.
102. Herold, 276–77.
103. Las Cases, IV, 37.
104. Ibid., II, 384.
105. Rémusat, 451.
106. Las Cases, I, 181.
107. Bourguignon, I, introduction, p. ii.
108. Rémusat, 71, 319; Taine, Modern Regime, I, 70; Las Cases, IV, 163.
109. Herold, ed., Mind of Napoleon, 162.
110. Ibid., 9.
111. 162.
112. Bourrienne, I, 237.
113. Herold, 172.
114. Ibid., 171.
115. Bourguignon, I, 38.
116. Herold, 92.
117. Bourrienne, I, 380.
118. Taine, Modern Regime, I, 134a, 480.
119. Herold, 162.
120. Las Cases, III, 256.
121. Bourrienne, I, 325 notes, 293, 367a, 327a; Taine, I, 193.
122. Bertaut, 79.
123. Herold, 255.
124. Ibid., 30–31.
125. Bourrienne, I, 327.
126. Herold, 30; Bertaut, 107–8.
127. Las Cases, II, 253.
128. Taine, II, 3–4.
129. Herold, 32.
130. Bertaut, 11.
131. Kircheisen, Memoirs of Napoleon I, 166.
132. Herold, 33.
133. Kircheisen, 160.
134. Aulard in Geyl, 323; Herold, 105.
135. Bertaut, 112–13; Taine, II, 5.
136. Bertaut, 114.
137. Taine, II, 6.
138. Bertaut, 32.
139. Herold, 20.
140. Bertaut, 28.
141. Herold, 21.
142. Kircheisen, 154.
143. Bertaut, 32–33.
144. Herold, 23.
145. Kircheisen, 153.
146. Ibid., 152.
147. Mossiker, Napoleon and Josephine, 301.
148. Napoleon, Letters, 180.
149. Bertaut, 5.
150. Ibid., 146.
151. Herold, 73.
152. Bertaut, 1.
153. Ibid., 46.
154. 54.
155. Las Cases, III, 241.
156. Ibid., I, 400.
157. Bertaut, 65.
158. Las Cases, III, 242.
159. Ibid., IV, 104; Bourrienne, II, 218.
160. Herold, 40–41.
161. Mossiker, 34.
162. Ibid., 20.
163. Levy, M., Private Life of Napoleon, I, 274.
164. Bertaut, 9.
165. Herold, 40.
166. Ibid., 36.
167. 40.
168. Rémusat, 535.
169. Bertaut, 142.
170. Herold, 179.
171. Las Cases, II, 325.
172. Taine, Modern Regime, I, 59.
CHAPTER XI
1. Las Cases, II, 389.
2. Letter to Lucien Bonaparte, Dec. 25, 1799, in Letters, 82.
3. Las Cases, III, 23.
4. Letter to Roederer, in Taine, Modern Regime, I, 265.
5. Breed, The Opinions and Reflections of Napoleon, 121.
6. Lacroix, Directoire, Consulat et Empire, 10.
7. Madelin, Consulate and Empire, I, 291.
8. Mistler, ed., Napoléon et l’Empire, I, 196.
9. Lacroix, 540.
10. Las Cases, III, 94, 340; Rémusat, 345–46; Madelin, I, 294–97.
11. Herold, ed., Mind of Napoleon, 190.
12. CMH, IX, 375–76.
13. Guillemin, Henri, Napoléon tel quel, 120–21.
14. Guérard, French Civilization, 77.
15. Taine, Modern Regime, I, 213.
16. Ibid., 216–17.
17. Bourrienne, III, 32.
18. Méneval, II, 595.
19. Taine, Modern Regime, I, 226.
20. Las Cases, II, 36.
21. Ibid., IV, 61.
22. Taine, II, 138.
23. Ibid., 140–41.
24. CMH, IX, 127.
25. Bourrienne, II, 359.
26. Napoleon, Letters, 115.
27. CMH, IX, 127.
28. Rose, Personality of Napoleon, 177; Taine, II, 153.
29. Thiers, History of the Consulate and the Empire, II, 275.
30. Taine, I, 67.
31. Ibid., 262.
32. Sainte-Beuve, Monday Chats, 207.
33. Méneval, I, 499.
34. Taine, I, 233.
35. CMH, IX, 114.
36. Lefebvre, Napoleon, I, 227.
37. CMH, IX, 115.
38. Taine, I, 90; Guérard, French Civilization, 64.
39. Lefebvre, I, 227.
40. Herold, ed., Mind of Napoleon, 208.
41. Bertaut, Napoleon in His Own Words, 5.
42. Ibid., 57.
43. Ibid.
44. Musset, Confessions of a Child of the Century, 3.
45. Bourrienne, II, 132.
46. Taine’s phrases. Cf. The Modern Regime, I. 250.
47. Thiers, II, 266–78.
48. Taine, I, 271; Herold, 212.
49. Fouché, Memoirs, I, 296.
50. Goodrich, Court of Napoleon, 157; Las Cases, III, 397.
51. Bertaut, 62.
52. Las Cases, II, 315.
53. Herold, ed., Mind of Napoleon, 242.
54. Bertaut, 48.
55. Ibid., 111.
56. Lacroix, 45.
57. Staël, Mme. de, Ten Years’ Exile, 7.
58. Las Cases, II, 198.
59. Mossiker, Napoleon and Josephine, 272; Rémusat, 227.
60. Ibid., 7; Herold, Mistress to an Age, 287.
61. Rémusat, 53; Herold, Mistress, 290.
62. David’s Mme. Récamier is in the Louvre; Gérard’s is in the Musée de la Ville.
63. Rémusat, 33–37.
64. Herold, Mistress, 288.
65. Junot, Mme., Memoirs, II, 60.
66. Graetz, H., History of the Jews, V, 482.
67. Ibid.
68. 491; CMH, IX, 205.
69. Graetz, V, 492.
70. Ibid., 494.
71. Lefebvre, Napoleon, II, 186; CMH, IX, 205.
72. Lefebvre, 187.
73. Graetz, V, 500.