by David Isaacs
genetic testing 287
genetically modified plants 289–290
Gengou, Octave 128
George IV of England 38
germ warfare see biological warfare
German measles see rubella
Germany, compensation for vaccine injuries 259
ghee and tetanus 172, 174
gibbus deformity 103, 153
Gillray, James 45
Gilot, Françoise 89
Giordano, Alfonso 171
Gipps, George 46
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) 161–162, 234
Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety 230
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) see Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication 56
Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) 90
Global Vaccine Safety Initiative 219
GMC see General Medical Council (UK)
Godlee, Fiona 214
Gold Rush 141
Goldacre, Ben 201
Goldberger, Joseph 11
golden staph 190–192
Goodwill Ambassador (UNICEF) 266
government
developing countries 266, 271, 273
lobbying 234–235, 251
spending 218, 274–276, 283
trust in 227, 260–261
vaccine legislation 48–51, 88, 254, 258–260
grandparents and shingles 181 see also under elderly people
Grant, James P 267–268
Great Depression 71
Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital 21
Greece, ancient 7–8, 15
ethics 241
Galen 26
Hippocrates see Hippocrates
Gregg, Sir Norman McAlister 169–171
grinning death see tetanus
GSK see GlaxoSmithKline
Guerin, Camille 104
Guggenheim, Peggy 272
Guggenheim, Solomon 272
Guillain-Barré syndrome 73–74
gullet disease see diphtheria
haematemesis 138
haemophilia 136, 284
Haemophilus influenzae type B see Hib
Harden, Garrett 17
harm principle 247–249
Harris, Dr RC 188
Harris, Paul 270
Harrison, Elizabeth 38
Hastings, George L 213
Hausen, Harald zur see zur Hausen, Harald
Havers, Clopton 35
HBsAg gene, edible vaccines 289
healthcare workers, compulsory immunisation 257–258
Hear the Silence (film) 209
heart disease
congenital rubella 171
HPV vaccine 229
influenza 175
Helicobacter pylori
discovery 163–165
oral vaccine 288–289
vaccine 165
hemlock 126
Henderson, Donald Ainslie (DA) 94
developing countries and immunisation 263–264
smallpox eradication 52, 55–57, 263
Henderson, Ralph (Rafe) 264–265
Henry IV of France 102
Henry VII of England 27
hepatitis see also hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C
definition 325
yellow fever 195
hepatitis A 135–136
vaccine 245, 295
Willowbrook studies 244–245
hepatitis B 135–138
contamination with 197–198
developing countries 271, 273
eradication 158
healthcare workers 257
jet injectors 292
liver cancer 154–158, 166
newborn with infected mother 249–251
origins 101
pregnancy 155, 249–251
statistics 156, 158, 273
surface antigen (HBs) 157
vaccine 120, 218, 234–236, 295
Willowbook studies 244–245
hepatitis C 135–136
hepatocellular carcinoma see liver cancer
hepatoma see liver cancer
herd immunity 16–17
Hib 130
influenza 17, 183
measles 16, 143, 252–253
pneumococcus 131
smallpox 53
tetanus 17
unimmunised children 252–253
herpes 147–148
antivirus medicine 9
Hesse, Hermann 129
Hib 119–120, 132
definition 325
eradication 313
meningitis 129–130
statistics 130–131
vaccine 119–120, 130, 185, 218, 295, 324
Higgins, Julian 228
Hill, Bradford 107
Hill, John 153
Hippocrates 144, 148, 240
diphtheria 112
influenza 174
mumps 144
Oath see Hippocratic Oath
pneumonia 133
tetanus 122
Hippocratic Oath 218, 239–242
modernised 246–247
HIV 9, 14, 19–20, 101, 136, 231, 268 see also AIDS
developing countries 268–269
medicines 286
origins 101
statistics 286
vaccine 283–286
Hobson-West, Pru 227
Hoffmann, Friedrich 146
homeopathy 226–227
Hoover, Ethel 258
Hopkins, Barbara 115–117
horse serum
diphtheria antitoxin 114–115, 187–188
tetanus antitoxin 124, 187–188
HPV 154, 161, 166 see also HPV vaccine
cancer 162
definition 325
HPV vaccine 120, 150–151, 161–163, 295
anti-vaccination movement 228–235
cancer 161–162, 166
boys 162, 257
developing countries 273
factors affecting uptake 233–234
introduction in United States 234–235
statistics 151, 162–163, 229–231
Hughes, Catherine 167–168
Hughes, Greg 167–168
Hughes, Riley 167–168
human immunodeficiency virus see HIV
human papillomavirus see HPV
Hunchback of Nôtre Dame 103
100-day cough see pertussis
I Can Jump Puddles (book) 74
Imhotep 121
immune deficiency
cancer 154
HIV/AIDS see AIDS, HIV
immune response, definition 325
immunisation see also vaccination, vaccine
adverse effects see adverse effects of vaccines
altruistic see altruistic immunisation
autonomy 247–252
compared with vaccination 16
compensation for injuries 258–260
compulsory see compulsory immunisation
controversies see controversies
definition 325
developing countries see developing countries and immunisation
development 40–47, 61–63
elderly people 180–186
ethics see ethics of immunisation
frauds 205–216
future see future of immunisation
golden age 119–151
healthcare workers 257–258
herd immunity see herd immunity
how it works 15–17
immunisers, risks to 93–95
opposition see anti-vaccination movement
philanthropy 269–274
pregnancy 167–179
scepticism see anti-vaccination movement, scepticism about vaccines
statistics 151, 228
tragedies 187–219
immunity, definition 325
immunogenic protein 324
immunoglobulins see antibodies
immunological tolerance 155–156
im
munosenescence 180, 182
inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) 96, 120, 178
cost 217–218
Cutter Incident 198–199, 202–203
definition 325
developing countries 89, 217–218
development 85–90
Inca Empire 30
India
childhood immunisation 279
polio 92–93, 271
Mission Indradhanush 271
National Immunization Day 92
smallpox 36, 54–55
Indians, American see Native Americans
indigenous populations and disease see colonisation and disease
Indonesia, childhood immunisation 279
Indradhanush mission, India 271
Industrial Revolution 49
infantile paralysis see polio
Infantile Paralysis, National Foundation for (US) see March of Dimes
infection see also individual infections
definition 325
how it occurs 12–14
sources 8–12
influenza 174–177, 183–184
pandemics 10–12, 20, 175, 192
patch vaccine 292–293
pregnancy 168, 174–177
elderly people 183–184, 186
healthcare workers 257–258
herd immunity 17, 183
nasal vaccine 183, 290–291
origins 101
patch vaccine 292–293
parainfluenza 291
pneumonia 135
swine flu 326
symptoms 174–175
vaccine 10–11, 135, 175–177, 183–184, 192, 194, 282
virus 9, 11–12, 135, 174–176, 184
injuries from vaccines see adverse effects of vaccines
inoculation see immunisation
insulin 226
intellectually disabled children, experiments on 244–245
Intensified Smallpox Eradication Programme 52, 263
Intercolonial Rabbit Commission (NSW) 63
interferon 175
internet see social media
intussusception
definition 325
rotavirus vaccine 216–217
IPV see inactivated polio vaccine
Iraq, childhood immunisation 279
Ireland, HPV vaccine 230
iron lung 77–78
Isaacs, Alick 161, 244
Isaacs, David
ABC documentary 24–25
Children’s Hospital at Westmead 47, 169
liver cancer patient 154–155
newborn with hepatitis-infected mother 249–251
patient confidentiality 239–240
Royal Free Hospital 205
student elective in Tanzania 142, 264
visits to Uganda 268
unimmunised meningitis patient 238–240
Islam and immunisation 94–95
isomerism 60
Jacobson, Henning 50–51
James I of England 102
Jamison, Thomas 45
Japan
HPV vaccine 229–230
influenza 16
jaundice 195
Jefferson, Tom 193
Jehovah’s Witnesses 248–249 see also religion and immunisation
Jenner, Edward 40–45, 50, 57, 61, 68
Jesty, Benjamin 44
jet injector vaccines 291–292
Jews, treatment by Nazis 242
Jian Zhou 161
Johnson, Samuel 148
Jones, Marion 54, 57
Jonson, Ben 28
Jupille, Jean-Baptiste 67
Kahlo, Frida 76
Kanner, Leo 224
Katie (TV show) 232–233
Kaye, Danny 266–267
Keats, George 99
Keats, Georgina 99
Keats, John 99–100, 205
Keats, Tom 99
Keckley, Elizabeth 5–6
Keith, James 38
Kendall, Mark 292
Kenny, Elizabeth 79–84
polio 81–84
Sylvia Stretcher 80–81
Kenny method 81–84
Kenya, pneumococcus 275
Kerridge, Ian 241
Khatoon, Rukhsar 92
king’s evil see scrofula
kink, the see pertussis
Kitasato Shibasaburō 114–115
Klebs, Edwin 113
Klebs-Löffler bacillus 113
Koch, Robert
anthrax 62
tuberculosis 103–104
Krugman, Saul 244
Kuhn, Sylvia 80–81
La Bohème 100
La Traviata 200
lactose in vaccines 193
Lamb, John de Villiers 64
Lancet, The (medical journal)
Helicobacter pylori 164
MMR–autism controversy 206–207, 209–214,221–222
Langdon, Olivia (Livy) see Clemens, Livy
latent infections see asymptomatic infections
Latin America see South America
laudanum 99
law
child protection 248–252
liability see legal liability
vaccine legislation 48–51, 88, 254, 258–260
Lazear, Jesse 197
Leask, Julie 226–227, 233
legal liability, pharmaceutical companies 204–205, 259
legislation see law
Leicester, Robert, Earl of 27
Leicester anti-vaccination movement 2, 49–50
Letters from Turkey (book) 37
liability, pharmaceutical companies 204–205, 259
Light for Riley 167–168
Lincoln, Abraham 5–7
Lincoln, Eddie 5
Lincoln, Mary 5–7
Lincoln, Robert 7
Lincoln, Tad 5, 7
Lincoln, Willie 5–6, 19
Lind, James 106–107
liposomes 194
Lister, Lord Joseph 68
liver
cancer 154–158, 166, 249
failure 137
Lloyd, William Forster 17
lockjaw see tetanus
Löffler, Friedrich 113
Loir, Adrien 63–65
Lom, Joost van see van Lom, Joost
Lommius, Jodocus see van Lom, Joost
Lorca, Federico García 129
Louder Than Words (book) 221
Louis XVI of France 102
lower respiratory tract infections see pneumonia
Lübeck tragedy 189–190
lung
cancer 153, 282
surgery 105
Luxembourg, foreign aid 276
Maalin, Ali Maow 55, 57
Macaulay, Lord 2, 28–29
Macbeth 102
McCarthy, Evan 220–221
McCarthy, Jenny 220–221, 225
McDonnell, Aeneas 79–80
McGarvie Smith Institute (NSW) 64
mad cow disease 20
Mahler, Halfdan 265
Maimonides 134
Maitland, Charles 37–38
malaria 14, 55, 196, 276, 282
controlling 285
statistics 285
vaccine 194, 263, 283–286
malnutrition, disease and 18–19, 23, 27, 117–118, 226, 264
Mandela, Nelson 91, 280
mannitol 193
Mansfield, Margaret 54, 57
manufacturers of vaccines see pharmaceutical companies
March of Dimes
developing countries 269–270
pertussis 269
polio 73–74, 86, 202, 269–270
rubella 269
Marley, Bob 152–153
Marley, Cedella 153
Marley, Norval 152–153
Marshall, Alan 74
Marshall, Barry 163–164, 288
Martin, Paul 76
Mary I of England 27
mass immunisation 45, 63, 120
Maton, George de see de Maton, George
May, Theresa 275
Mayfield, Marty 132
Mayo Clinic 82
measles 2, 9–10, 15, 140–144, 146, 206–207, 209, 215, 253, 255
arrival in Australia 140–141
compared with smallpox 140, 143
contaminated vaccine 192
developing countries 20–21, 142–143, 264, 268, 271, 273
encephalitis 20, 142, 145, 215, 227
eradication 143–144
Expanded Programme on Immunization 264, 279
German see rubella
healthcare workers 257–258
herd immunity 16–17, 143
origins 101
pneumonia 142–143
South Sudan tragedy 192
statistics 20–21, 141–142, 264, 268, 274, 279
Transfer Factor 211
vaccine 15, 17, 20, 119–120, 141, 176, 206, 208, 227–228, 253, 264, 268–269, 273–274, 295 see also MMR vaccine, MMRV vaccine
measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine see MMR vaccine
measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine see MMRV vaccine
Medawar, Sir Peter 9, 156
media see also social media
HPV vaccine 231–234
inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) 87, 203
influence 260
MMR vaccine 222–223
pertussis vaccine 22
medical intervention, opposition to 226–227
Meister, Joseph 66–67, 69
melanoma 153
MenAfriVac 278–279
Mengele, Josef 242
meningitis 129–133, 145, 326
bacterial 129, 131, 145
brain damage 131, 238
Hib 119–120, 129–130
meningococcal see meningococcal meningitis
mumps 145
origins 133
pneumococcal 13, 120, 131–134, 185
polio 77
symptoms 129
tuberculosis 103, 105
vaccine 131, 238, 296
Meningitis Vaccine Project 278
meningococcaemia 133
meningococcal meningitis 2, 120, 131–133, 185
Africa 277
septicaemia 133
vaccine 324
meningococcus 120, 295 see also meningitis, meningococcaemia, meningococcal meningitis
definition 325–326
Merck 161–162, 234–235
mercury in vaccines 192–193
Mia, Shuka 53
microcephaly 171
microneedle vaccines 292–293
micro-organisms 8–9, 12–13, 18, 226
Microsoft 140, 271
military spending
vs education spending 283
vs foreign aid spending 275
vs healthcare spending 218, 283
milkmaids and smallpox 41–42
Mill, John Stuart 247–249
Ming Dynasty 35
miscarriage
immune system 168
influenza vaccine 177
Mission Indradhanush, India 271
Mitchell, Andrew 274–275
Mitchell, Joni 76
MMR vaccine 120, 141–147, 257, 323
autism controversy see MMR–autism controversy
definition 326
encephalitis 227
statistics 228
MMR: What They Didn’t Tell You (TV show) 210
MMR–autism controversy 23, 205–216
anti-vaccination movement 220–225, 233