art 72, 121, 128–9, 150–1
The Art of War (Sun Tzu) 94–5
Atatürk 174
Augustus 47
Australia 3, 149, 189, 195
Austria 206
Averroes 75–6
Aztec Empire 125, 127–33, 140–6, 170
bloodshed 129–30, 142–4
pyramids 130–2
and Spanish 145–6
Babylon 16–17, 20, 32–3, 51
ziggurats 29–30, 130
Baghdad 67, 69, 70–1, 74, 101
Balzac, Honoré de 186
Banda Islands 186–7
banknotes 119–20
Barbarossa 171
Barings Bank 225
Beard, Mary 48
Beijing 83–4, 102, 113, 114
Bektar 88
Bellini, Gentile 162
Bering, Vitus 204
Beringa Land Bridge 136, 149
Bethe, Hans 6
Black Death 83, 102–3
Börte 90–1
Britain
communism 213
Crimean War 157
and Egypt 156
Roman Empire 44
Scotland 191–2
Wales 191
British Empire 27, 159, 176–7, 179–95, 221, 223
and America 182–4, 189, 220, 225
and India 4–5, 179–81, 188–9, 195
and Ireland 192
Royal Navy 193–4
slavery 182–6
Buddha 78
Buddhism 110–11
Bukhara 94, 96
Burns, Rabbie 192
Byzantine Empire 55–6, 57, 63, 73, 153–4, 161
see also Constantinople
Cabot, John 182
Caesar, Julius 44–7, 50
Cairo 74, 154
Caligula 54
Cameron, David 185
Canada 189, 195, 197–8, 224
cannons 118–19, 160
capitalism 135, 187, 212, 235–6
Catherine the Great 208, 209
Cervantes, Miguel de 171
Chagatai Khanate 102
Charlemagne 57, 66, 67–8
China 13, 105–6, 176, 236
and Abbasid Caliphate 68–9
Buddhism 110–11
calendar 89
Confucius 78
Cultural Revolution 111–12
Grand Canal 115, 122
Great Leap Forward 111
Great Wall 83, 108
Homo erectus 134–5
Islam 76
Jin dynasty 90, 91, 93
Opium Wars 179–80, 188
Second World War 215, 233
terracotta army 106–7, 130
Uighurs 89, 105
Yuan Dynasty 105–24
Zheng He’s expedition 1–4
Christianity 30, 31, 57–8
Al-Andalus 77
Americas 127, 146
China 114
Crusades 73–4, 154
and Islam 58, 64–5
morality 98
Ottoman Empire 166
Reformation 201, 202
Roman Empire 54, 55
Russia 199–200, 204, 205
Churchill, Winston 197, 232
Civilisation 48
Clark, Kenneth 48
Clemenceau, Georges 231
climate change 28, 87, 134, 237–8
Clot, André 68
Coates, Radley 184
Cold War 7–8, 216, 233, 234
Columbus, Christopher 3, 145
communism 111, 135, 211, 212–14, 216, 235
compass 122–3
Confucius 2, 78, 90, 109, 110, 124
Congo 179
Congress of Vienna 210, 211
Constantine 54, 55–6
Constantine XI 154
Constantinople 56
Grand Bazaar 167
Ottoman conquest 77, 153–4, 159–61, 164
and Russia 199–200, 201
Süleymaniye mosque 167–8
Topkapi Palace 164–6, 167
see also Byzantine Empire; Istanbul
Cook, Captain 189
Cordoba 74–6, 116
Cortès, Hernân 145–6
Courthorpe, Nathaniel 186
Crimean War 157
Crusades 73–4, 154
Cuba 7, 230, 234
cuneiform writing 14–15
currency 119–20
Cyrillic script 200
Darien Scheme 191–2
de Rivéry, Aimée 171–2
democracy 110, 223, 228, 235, 238
Democritus 54–5
Denmark 207
Dewey, Thomas 223, 228
Diamond, Jared 169
Dickens, Charles 237
Drake, Sir Francis 193
Draper, Nick 185
Dutch see Netherlands
East India Company 187, 188–9
Easter Island 131, 149–50
Eden, Emily 5
Edward I 191
Egypt
empire 14, 32–3
and Mongols 101
Napoleon 154, 156
Ottoman Empire 156
pyramids 130, 131
Eisner, Kurt 213
elixir of life 117–18
Elizabeth I 170, 187
empire 1–11
and morality 98–100
and superiority 135–6
Engels, Friedrich 190, 227–8
Enheduana 20–1, 29
Enlightenment 158, 207
Ethiopia 193
Euler, Leonhard 209
Europe
Black Death 83, 102–3
and communism 216
empires 175–6
Enlightenment 158, 207
Industrial Revolution 158, 186
Marshall Aid 233
mathematics 122, 140
and Mongol Empire 101
Orthodox Christianity 205
and Ottoman Empire 77, 154–6
population 167
Reformation 201, 202
Renaissance 121, 158, 201, 202
strategic rivalries 156–7
Thirty Years War 202, 205
Treaty of Westphalia 205–6, 211
and Umayyad Caliphate 65–6
warrior tribes 55, 57
Falkland Islands 195
Feodor I 202
Ferguson, Niall 3
Fertile Crescent 13–14
fiduciary money 120
First World War 173, 174, 190–1, 193–4, 211, 231
Fitzgerald, Edward 71
floods 13–14, 32
Ford, Henry 229
France 93, 159
and America 220, 224, 225
communism 216
Crimean War 157
empire 194
Revolution 106, 159, 223
see also Napoleon
Freud, Sigmund 99
Friedman, Milton 92
Fukuyama, Francis 218
Galen 55, 69, 73
Galileo 122, 176
Gandhi, Mahatma 180, 181
Garstin, Captain John 4–5
Genghis Khan 83, 86, 87–92, 94–8, 99–100, 101
Germany
Battle of Jutland 193–4
communism 213
empire 194
Hejaz railway 157
and Russia 207
Second World War 215
Gettysburg Address 227–8
Gibbon, Edward 55
Gibraltar 195
Gilgamesh 15, 100
Golden Horde 102
Golghar 4–5
Gorbachev, Mikhail 217
Goths 55, 57
Granada 75, 77, 116
Granary of Patna 4–5
Greece
and Anatolia 174
communism 216
and Ottoman Empire 156
see also Ancient Greece
Greene, Graham 185
Guderian, Heinz 96
Gugatkin, Lee Alan 223
gunpowder 117, 118–19
G
uo Shoujing 122
Gurganj 96
Gutenberg, Johannes 120
Haber, Fritz 237
Hadith 61, 72, 99
Haenisch, Erich 88
Han Chinese 105, 106
hand stencils 150–1
Hangzhou 115, 123
Hannibal 41
Harun al-Rashid 59, 67, 69
Hastings, Warren 4
Hawkins, John 182
Hejaz railway 157
Herodotus 13, 30, 117
Hitler, Adolf 135–6, 177, 232
Hoelun 88, 89
Holland 159
Holy Roman Empire 161, 207
Homo erectus 133, 134
Homo sapiens 133–4, 148–51
horses 85–6
Hu Jintao 3
Huitzilopochtli 132–3, 143
Hume, David 219
Hungary 213
Huns 55, 57, 86–7
Ibn Battuta 76
Ibn Rushd 75–6
Ibrahim I (the Mad) 172–3
Il-Khanate 102, 163
In the Loop 220–1
In the Penal Colony (Kafka) 9
Inca Empire 127, 146–7
India
British Empire 4–5, 179–81, 188–9, 195
Buddha 78
Buddhist statues 130
Granary of Patna 4–5
Moghul Empire 124
Industrial Revolution 158, 185–6, 190
inequality 236
Ireland 192
Islam 58, 60–1, 62–3, 64
Africa 76–7
art 72
China 76, 114
Mongol Empire 82, 102
Ottoman Empire 166, 167
see also Abbasid Caliphate; Muhammad; Rashidun Caliphate; Umayyad Caliphate
Istanbul 164
see also Constantinople
Italy 216
Ivan the Terrible 124, 198–9, 200–1
Jamestown 182, 183–4
Japan 136, 176, 236
and China 111, 113
Second World War 215, 232–3
Jefferson, Thomas 219, 220, 223, 225
Jenner, Dr Edward 170
Jin Dynasty 105
Jinnah, Muhammad Ali 181
Judaism 98, 110
China 114
Granada 75
and Islam 58, 64
Mongol Empire 82
Ottoman Empire 166
Jung, Carl 130–1
Justeson, John 139
Juvayni 96
Kafarov, Pyotor 88
Kaffa 102
Kahlenberg, battle of 155–6
Kakfa, Franz 9
Kant, Emmanuel 98–9
Das Kapital (Marx) 212–13
Kara Mustafa Pasha 155, 156
Kazallu 18, 20
Kemal, General Mustafa (Atatürk) 174
Kennedy, John F. 233–5
Keynes, Maynard 231
Khanbaliq see Beijing
Khrushchev, Nikita 234, 235
Khwarazmian Empire 94, 96
Kievan Rus’ 199–200, 201
Koh-i-Noor diamond 179
Korean War 111, 216, 233
Kriwaczek, Paul 27, 29, 65, 166
Kublai Khan 83, 101–2, 105, 112–15
language
Akkadian 23–4
alphabets 34, 35, 200
Arabic 60
Aztec Empire 132, 144–5
and food 169
Latin 39, 56
Mayans 138–9
Mongol Empire 89
Norman England 169
Ottoman Empire 169
Sumerian 14–15, 23–4
Law, John 120
L’Enfant, Peter Charles 39
Lenin, Vladimir 191, 211–12, 213–14, 217
Leon-Portilla, Miguel 143
Leonardo da Vinci 163, 176
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor 155
Leopold II, King of Belgium 179
Liberia 193
Life of Brian 9
life expectancy 51
Lincoln, Abraham 227–8
Lippi, Filippo 171
Lithuania 217
Liverani, Mario 28–9
Lloyd George, David 231
Locke, John 219
Lomonosov, Mikhail 209
Lorenzo the Magnificent 118
Louisiana Purchase 225
Lucretius 54
MacArthur, General 233
Macchu Picchu 147
Maclean, John 213
Malthus, Robert 237
Manchester 190
Manicheans 114
Manishtushu 22–3
Mao Zedong 105–6, 111
Marcello, Bartolomeo 161–2
Martel, Charles 65–6
Martin, Janet 201
Marx, Karl 190, 210, 212–13, 227–8
mathematics 32, 52, 72, 122, 139- 40
Mather, Cotton 170
Mayans 137–40, 146
Mecca 60, 61, 62
medicine 69–70
Medina 61, 62
Mehmed II (the Conqueror) 153, 155, 159–63, 164, 167
Mehmed IV 155, 174
Menzies, Gavin 2–3
Mesoamerica 125, 136
Aztec Empire 125, 127–33, 140–6
Mayans 137–40
Olmecs 136–7
Mexico 136, 226, 229–30
Tenochtitlan 138, 140, 141- 2, 146
Michael I, Czar 203
Milton, Giles 187
Ming Dynasty 1–4, 123–4
money 119–20
Möngke Khan 101
Mongol Empire 81–102, 108, 175
and Abbasid Caliphate 74, 101
Battle of Ain Jalut 101, 118–19
Genghis Khan 83, 86, 87–92, 94–8, 99–100
horses 85, 86
Kublai Khan 83, 101–2, 105, I12–15
and Russia 97, 102, 200
Mongolia 83, 84, 130
Montagu, Lady Mary 169–70
Montezuma II 145, 146 Monty Python’s Life of Brian 9
morality 98–100
Morgan, J.R 229
Moscow 198, 202, 209
Muawiya 63
Muhammad 58, 60–1, 69, 81, 98, 99
calligraphy 72
and Jews and Christians 64
move from Mecca to Medina 61, 62
as trader 60, 63, 76
see also Islam
Muslims see Islam
Mussolini, Benito 47
Naksidil 172
Napoleon 119, 159, 193
and Ancient Rome 47, 55
and Egypt 154, 156
and Louisiana 225
and Russia 209–10
and St Helena 195
Narâm-Sin 22–3, 25–7
Native Americans 220, 221
Nazca Lines 147
Neanderthals 133, 134, 148, 151
Nehru, Jawaharlal 181
Nelson, Horatio 193
Nero 54
Netherlands 194, 206
Banda Islands 186–7
East India Companies 186, 188
stock exchange 187
Nicholas I, Czar 156
Nicholas II, Czar 211
Nimrod 15 1984 (Orwell) 238
Noah 14, 15
nuclear weapons 6–8, 216, 230
nutmeg 186
Obama, Barack 184
Odo the Great 65–6
O’Dwyer, Michael 180
Ögedei 100–1
Okhotsk 203
Olmecs 136–7
Olugosa, David 48
Omar Khayyam 71
One Thousand and One Nights 59, 67, 71 73
Opium Wars 179–80, 188
Oppenheimer, Robert 6
Orban 160
Orlando, Vittorio 231
O’Rourke, P.J. 33
Orthodox Christianity 200, 204, 205
Orwell, George 144, 185, 238
Osman I 163–4
Otranto 154
Ottoman Empire 153–74
Constantinope 77, 153�
��4, 159–61, 164
cuisine 168
and Europe 77, 153, 154–6
kafes 172–3
Mehmed II 153, 155, 159–63, 164, 167
Osman I 163–4
smallpox 169–70
Suleiman the Magnificent 167
Topkapi Palace 164–6, 167
Ovid 54
‘Ozymandias’ (Shelley) 19
Paine, Thomas 219
Panama Canal 230–1
paper 117, 119–20
Pareto, Vilfredo 236
Paterson, William 191
Patna 4–5
Peking Man 134–5
Peter the Great 198, 206–8
Peter III, Czar 208–9
Petrov, Lieutenant-Colonel Stanislav 7–8
Philip II 158
piracy 171–2
Pizzaro, Francisco 147
plague 83, 102–3
Pliny the Younger 50
Poland 210
Polo, Marco 1, 114, 115, 123
Pompei 50–1
Pompey 45, 46
Portugal 158–9, 175, 186, 194
printing press 120–1
Punch, John 183–4
Punic Wars 40–1
Purchas, Samuel 83
Putin, Vladimir 217
pyramids 29–31, 130–2, 139
Qin Dynasty 106–11, 122
Qin Shi Huang 106–7, 117–18, 130
Quetzalcoatl 132–3, 144
Quran 60–1
racial difference 135
Raleigh, Sir Walter 182
Ramesses II 19
Ramesses V 170
Rashidun Caliphate 61–2, 63
Reagan, Ronald 220
Reformation 201, 202
Remus 37, 38
Renaissance 158, 201, 202
Rhodes, Cecil 193
Rimush 22
Roanoke 182
robber barons 228–9
Rockefeller, John D. 229
Roman Empire 37–8, 39, 42, 47–56, 161
aqueducts 52, 53
law 53–4
Life of Brian 9
Rome 38–9
entertainments 49–50
founding legend 37
Kingdom 39–40, 42
population 48–9
Republic 40–7, 54
social situation 42–3
Romulus 37, 38
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 220, 232
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 219
Roux, Georges 22
Royal Air Force 194
Royal Navy 193–4
The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam 71
Run 186–7
Russia 197–218
Alaska 204–5, 224, 226
Catherine the Great 208–9
Crimean War 156–7
Ivan the Terrible 124, 198–9, 200–1
Peter the Great 198, 206–8
Revolution 190–1, 211–13
serfdom 93, 202–3, 210
Siberia 203–4, 210, 224
see also Soviet Union
St Helena 195
St Petersburg 198, 207–8, 213, 215
Samarkand 94, 96
Sargon 15–22, 25–6
Sartre, Jean-Paul 216
Schama, Simon 48
Scheherazade 59, 67, 71, 73
science 68–70, 72, 122–3, 230, 238
Scipio Africanus 41
Scotland 191–2
Second World War 194–5, 215, 231, 232–3
The Secret History of the Mongols 88–9
self-determination 194, 206–7
Seneca 55
serfdom 93, 202–3, 210
Seward, William H. 226
Shar-kali-sharri 28
Empire Page 21