The Omnibus Homo Sacer

by Giorgio Agamben

  Diogenes Laertius: Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers (Loeb Classical Library), trans. R. D. Hicks (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972).

  Dörrie: Heinrich Dörrie, “Hypostasis, Wort- und Bedeutungsgeschichte,” in Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaft in Göttingen, Phil. Kl., 3 (1955), pp. 35–92; now in Dörrie, Platonia minora (Munich: Fink 1976).

  Düring: Der Protreptikos des Aristoteles, ed. Ingemar Düring (Frankfurt am Main: Klosterman, 1969).

  Fehling: Detlev Fehling, Ethologische Überlegungen auf dem Gebiet der Altertumskunde: phallische Demonstration, Fernsicht, Steinigung (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1974).

  Foucault 1: Michel Foucault, L’hermeneutique du sujet (Paris: Gallimard-Seuil, 2001). English translation: The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1981–1982, ed.

  Frédéric Gros, trans. Graham Burchell (New York: Picador, 2005).

  Foucault 2: Michel Foucault, Dits et écrits (1954–1988), vol. 4, 1980–1988 (Paris: Gallimard, 1994).

  English translation: see Lotringer and Rabinow.

  Foucault 3: Michel Foucault, Histoire de la sexualité 2. L’usage des plaisirs (Paris: Gallimard, 1984).

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  English translation: The Use of Pleasure: The History of Sexuality, vol. 2, trans. Robert Hurley (New York: Vintage, 1990).

  Foucault 4: Michel Foucault, “Qu’est-ce qu’un auteur?,” in Dits et écrits (1954–1988), vol. 1, 1954–1975 (Paris: Gallimard, 1994). English translation: “What Is an Author?,” in Language, Counter-memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, ed. Donald F. Bouchard (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1980).

  Foucault 5: Michel Foucault, La courage de la vérité (Paris: Gallimard, 2009). English translation: The Courage of Truth: Government of Self and Others II, Lectures at the Collège de France, 1983–1984, ed. Frédéric Gros, trans. Graham Burchell (New York: Picador, 2011).

  Foucault 6: Michel Foucault, Naissance de la clinique (Paris: PUF, 1963). English translation: The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith (New York: Vintage, 1994).

  Foucault and Le Bitoux: Michel Foucault and Jean Le Bitoux, “The Gay Science,” trans. Nicole Morar and Daniel W. Smith, Critical Inquiry 37 (Spring 2011): 385–403.

  Fremont: Christiane Fremont, L’être et la relation (Paris: Vrin, 1981).

  Friedmann: Georges Friedmann, Leibniz et Spinoza (Paris: Gallimard, 1962).

  Galen 1: Galeni de usu partium libri XVII, ed. Georgius Helmreich (Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1968).

  English translation: On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body, ed. and trans. Margaret Tall-madge May, vol. 2 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1968).

  Galen 2: Ian Johnston and G. H. R. Horsley, eds. and trans., Galen: Methods of Medicine (Loeb Classical Library), 3 vols. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011).

  Goldschmidt: Victor Goldschmidt, Écrits, vol. 1, Études de philosophie ancienne (Paris: Vrin, 1984).

  Gregory Nazianzen: Orations, trans. Charles Gordon Browne and James Edward Swallow, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 7, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing, 1894).

  Gregory of Nyssa: An Address on Religious Instruction, in Christology of the Later Fathers, ed. Edward R. Hardy (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1954).

  Gregory the Great: The Life of Saint Benedict, trans. Terrence Kardong (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2009).

  Hadot 1: Pierre Hadot, “Un dialogue interrompu avec M. Foucault,” in Exercises spirituels et philosophie antique (Paris: Albin Michel, 2002).

  Hadot 2: Pierre Hadot, Plotin, Porphyre. Études néoplatoniciennes (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1999).

  Harper: Kyle Harper, Slavery in the Late Roman World, AD 275–425 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

  Hegel: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. A. V. Miller (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977).

  Heidegger 1: Martin Heidegger, Sein und Zeit, 12th ed. (Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, 1972). English translation: Being and Time, trans. John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson (New York: Harper & Row, 1962).

  Heidegger 2: Martin Heidegger, Zur Sache des Denkens (Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, 1976). English translation: On Time and Being, trans. Joan Stambaugh (New York: Harper & Row, 1972).

  Heidegger 3: Martin Heidegger, Holzwege (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1950). English translation: Off the Beaten Track, ed. and trans. Julian Young and Kenneth Haynes (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

  Heidegger 4: Martin Heidegger, “Die Frage nach der Technik,” in Vorträge und Aufsätze (Stuttgart: Neske, 1954). English translation: “The Question concerning Technology,” trans. William Lo-vitt, in Basic Writings, ed. David Farrell Krell, rev. exp. ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1993).

  Heidegger 5: Martin Heidegger, Die Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik. Welt-Endlichkeit-Einsamkeit (Gesamtausgabe 29/30) (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1983). English translation: The

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  Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics: World, Finitude, Solitude, trans. William McNeill and Nicholas Walker (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995).

  Heidegger 6: Martin Heidegger, Parmenides (Gesamtausgabe 44) (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1993). English translation: Parmenides, trans. André Schuwer and Richard Rojewicz (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992).

  Heidegger 7: Martin Heidegger, Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1929). English translation: Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, 5th ed., trans. Richard Taft (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997).

  Heidegger 8: Martin Heidegger, Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Logik im Ausgang vom Leibniz (Gesamtausgabe 26) (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1978). English translation: Metaphysical Foundations of Logic, trans. Michael Heim (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984).

  Heidegger 9: Martin Heidegger, Beiträge zur Philosophie (Gesamtausgabe 65) (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1989). English translation: Contributions to Philosophy: Of the Event, trans.

  Richard Rojcewicz and Daniela Vallega-Neu (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012).

  Heidegger 10: Martin Heidegger, Wegmarken (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1967). English translation: Pathmarks, ed. William McNeill (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

  Heidegger 11: Martin Heidegger, Hölderlins Hymnen “Germanien” und “Der Rhein” (Gesamtausgabe 39) (Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1980). English translation: Hölderlin’s Hymns

  “Germania” and “The Rhine,” trans. William McNeill and Julia A. Ireland (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014).

  Herrera: Abraham Cohen de Herrera, Gate of Heaven, ed. Kenneth Krabbenhoft (New York: Brill, 2002).

  Hölderlin: Friedrich Hölderlin, Sämtliche Werke, vol. 2, Gedichte nach 1800, ed. Friedrich Beissner (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1953).

  Homer: The Iliad, ed. Bernard Knox, trans. Robert Fagles (New York: Penguin, 1990).

  Hugh of Digne: Expositio Hugonis super regulam fratrum minorum, in Alessandra Sisto, Figure del primo Francescanesimo in Provenza. Ugo e Douceline di Digne (Florence: Olschki, 1971).

  Hugh of Saint Victor: The Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor: A Medieval Guide to the Arts, ed. and trans. Jerome Taylor (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991).

  Husserl 1: Edmund Husserl, Husserliana: Gesammelte Werke, vol. 14, Zur Phänomenologie der Inter-subjektivität: Texte aus dem Nachlass. 2, 1921–1928 (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1973).

  Husserl 2: Edmund Husserl, Husserliana: Gesammelte Werke, vol. 13, Zur Phänomenologie der Inter-subjektivität: Texte aus dem Nachlass. 1, 1905–1920 (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1973).

  Hyatte: Reginal Hyatte, ed. and trans., The Prophet of Islam in Old French: The Romance of Muhammad (1258) and The Book of Muhammad’s Ladder (1264) (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1997).

  Illich 1: Ivan Illich, The R
ivers North of the Future: The Testament of Ivan Illich, ed. David Cayley (Toronto: House of Anansi, 2005).

  Illich 2: Ivan Illich, In the Mirror of the Past: Lectures and Addresses, 1978–1990 (New York: Marion Boyars, 1992).

  Kafka: Franz Kafka, Letters to Milena, trans. Philip Boehm (New York: Schocken, 1990).

  Kant: Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, trans. Werner S. Pluhar (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1996).

  Keil: Grammatici latini, ed. Henrici Keilii, vol. 1, Artis grammaticae libri 5 (Lipsiae: in aedibus B.

  G. Teubnerii, 1955).

  Kerényi: Karl Kerényi, Umgang mit Göttlichem: über Mythologie und Religionsgeschichte (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1961).

  Koyré: Alexander Koyré, Études d’histoire de la pensée philosophique (Paris: A. Colin, 1961).

  Leibniz 1: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Die philosophischen Schriften, vol. 2, ed. G. I. Gerhardt (Hil-

  1286

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  descheim: Olms, 1960). English translation: The Leibniz-Des Bosses Correspondence, ed. and trans. Brandon C. Look and Donald Rutherford (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007).

  Leibniz 2: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Philosophische Schriften, ed. Hans Heinz Holz, vol. 1

  (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1965).

  Leibniz 3: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe, ed. Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaft zu Berlin (Leipzig-Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1923–present).

  Levinas 1: Emmanuel Levinas, De l’évasion (Fata Morgana: 1982). English translation: On Escape/

  De l’évasion, trans. Bettina Bergo (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).

  Levinas 2: Emmanuel Levinas, De l’existence à l’existant (Paris: Fontaine, 1947). English translation: Existence and Existents, trans. Alphonso Linguis (Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988).

  Lizzini: Olga Lizzini, Fluxus (fayd): Indagine sui fondamenti della Metafisica e della Fisica di Avicenna (Bari: Edizioni di Pagina, 2011).

  Lotringer: Michel Foucault, Foucault Live: Interviews 1961–1984, ed. Sylvère Lotringer, trans. Lysa Hochroth and John Johnston (New York: Semiotext[e], 1996).

  Lucretius: Lucretius, On the Nature of the Universe, ed. John Godwin, trans. R. E. Latham (New York: Penguin, 2005).

  Maine de Biran: François-Pierre Maine de Biran, Oeuvres, vol. 3, Mémoire sur la décomposition de la pensée, précédé du Mémoire sur les rapports de l’idéologie et des mathématiques, ed. François Azouvi (Paris: Vrin, 1988).

  Marsilius: Marsilius of Padua, The Defender of the Peace, ed. and trans. Annabel Brett (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

  Montaigne: Michel de Montaigne, The Complete Essays, ed. and trans. M. A. Screech (New York: Penguin, 1993).

  Origen: Origen of Alexandria, Commentary on the Gospel according to John, Books 1–10, trans. Ron-ald E. Heine (Washington, DC: Catholic University of American Press, 1989).

  Peterson: Erik Peterson, “Herkunft und Bedeutung der Monos pro monon-Formel bei Plotin,”

  Philologus 88 (1933).

  Petrarch: Francesco Petrarch, “The Ascent of Mount Ventoux,” in The Renaissance Philosophy of Man, ed. E. Cassirer et al. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948).

  Philoponus: Philoponi in Aristotelis Categorias commentarium, ed. Adolfus Busse (Berolini: Reimer, 1898).

  Picavet: François Picavet, “Hypostases platoniennes et Trinité chrétienne,” Annuaire de l’École pratique des hautes études. Section de science religieuse (1917–18): 1–52.

  Pliny 1: Pliny, Letters (Loeb Classical Library), 2 vols., trans. William Melmoth and W. M. L.

  Hutchinson (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963).

  Pliny 2: Pliny, The Natural History (Loeb Classical Library), 10 vols., trans. D. E. Eichholz (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962).

  Plotinus: Enneads (Loeb Classical Library), 7 vols., trans. A. H. Armstrong (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988).

  Pohlenz: Max Pohlenz, Grundfragen der stoischen Philosophie (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1940).

  Proclus 1: The Elements of Theology, ed. and trans. F. R. Dodds, 2nd ed. (London: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1963).

  Proclus 2: Proclus, Commentaire sur La République, vol. 3, Dissertations 15–17, Rép. 10. Index général, ed. A. J. Festugière (Paris: Librarie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1970).

  Rabinow: Michel Foucault, Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth, ed. Paul Rabinow (New York: New Press, 1997).

  Redard: Georges Redard, Recherches sur ΧΡΗ, ΧΡΗΣΘΑΙ. Étude sémantique (Paris: Champion, 1953).

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  Reinhardt: Karl Reinhardt, Platons Mythen (Bonn: Cohen, 1927).

  Roguet: Saint Thomas d’Aquin, Somme théologique. Les sacrements: 3a, Questions 60–65, ed. A.-M.

  Roguet (Paris: Cerf, 1999).

  Sade: Marquis de Sade, Juliette, trans. Austryn Wainhouse (New York: Grove Press, 2007).

  Scholem 1: Gershom Scholem, Origins of the Kabbalah, trans. Allan Arkush (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991).

  Scholem 2: David Biale, “Gershom Scholem’s Ten Unhistorical Aphorisms on Kabbalah: Text and Commentary,” Modern Judaism 5.1 (1985): 67–93.

  Schuhl: Pierre-Maxime Schuhl, Machinisme et philosophie (Paris: PUF, 1947).

  Schürmann: Reiner Schürmann, Le principe d’anarchie (Paris: Seuil, 1982).

  Seneca: Ad Lucilium epistulae morales (Loeb Classical Library), 3 vols., trans. Richard M. Gummere (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962).

  Sereni: The Selected Poetry and Prose of Vittorio Sereni: A Bilingual Edition, trans. Marcus Perryman and Peter Robinson (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).

  Spinoza 1: Baruch Spinoza, Compendium grammatices linguae hebraeae, in Opera, vol. 1, ed. Carl Gebhardt (Heidelberg: Carl Winters Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1925).

  Spinoza 2: Baruch Spinoza, The Ethics, The Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect, and Selected Letters, ed. Seymour Feldman, trans. Samuel Shirley (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1992).

  Spinoza 3: Baruch Spinoza, Principles of Descartes’ Philosophy, trans. Halbert Hains Britan (Chicago: Open Court, 1905).

  Spinoza 4: Baruch Spinoza, Spinoza’s Short Treatise on God, Man, and Human Welfare, trans. Lydia Gillingham Robinson (Chicago: Open Court, 1909)

  Stein: Edith Stein, On the Problem of Empathy, trans. Waltraut Stein (Washington, DC: ICS Publications, 1989).

  Strycker: Émile de Strycker, “Concepts-clés et terminologie dans les livres II à VII des Topiques,”

  in Aristotle on Dialectic: The Topics. Proceedings of the Third Symposium Aristotelicum, ed. G. E.

  L. Owen (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968).

  Suárez 1: Francisci Suárez e Societate Jesu Opera omnia, vol. 20 (Paris: Ludovicum Vivès, 1856).

  Suárez 2: Francisci Suárez e Societate Jesu Opera omnia, vol. 25 (Paris: Ludovicum Vivès, 1861).

  Themistius: Themistii in libros Aristotelis de anima periphrasis, ed. Ricardus Heinze (Berolini: Reimer, 1900). English translation: On Aristotle on the Soul, trans. Robert B. Todd (New York: A & C Black, 2014).

  Thomas 1: Yan Thomas, “L’ ‘usage’ et les ‘fruits’ de l’esclave,” Enquête 7 (1998): 203–230.

  Thomas 2: Yan Thomas, “Le corps de l’esclave et son travail à Rome. Analyse d’une dissociation juridique,” in Corps romains, ed. Philippe Moreau (Grenoble: J. Millon, 2002).

  Tiqqun: “Introduction à la guerre civile,” in Tiqqun 2 (2001). English translation: Introduction to Civil War, trans. Alex Galloway and Jason E. Smith (Los Angeles: Semiotext[e], 2010).

  Trapp: Damasus Trapp, “Aegidii Romani de doctrina modorum,” Angelicum 12 (1935).

  Vernant and Vidal-Naquet: Jean-Paul Vernant and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Travail et esclavage en Grèce ancienne (Brussels: Complexe, 1988).

  Veyne: Paul Veyne, “Le dernier Foucault,” Critique 471–472 (1986): 933–941. English translation:

 
; “The Final Foucault and His Ethics,” trans. Catherine Porter and Arnold I. Davidson, Critical Inquiry 20 (Autumn 1993): 1–9.

  Victorinus: Marius Victorinus, Traités théologiques sur la Trinité, ed. Pierre Hadot, vol. 1, Sources Chrétiennes series (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1960). English translation: Theological Treatises on the Trinity, trans. Mary T. Clark (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2002).

  Wittgenstein 1: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophische Untersuchungen/ Philosophical Investigations,

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  4th ed., ed. P. M. S. Hacker and Joachim Schulte, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, P. M. S. Hacker, and Joachim Schulte (New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009).

  Wittgenstein 2: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Schriften 6. Bemerkungen über die Grundlagen der Mathe-matik (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1974). English translation: Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, ed. Georg Henrik Wright, Rush Rhees, G. E. M. Anscombe, trans. G. E. M.

  Anscombe (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1983).

  Wittgenstein 3: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Schriften 4. Philosophische Grammatik (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1969). English translation: Philosophical Grammar, ed. Rush Rhees, trans. Anthony Kenny (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974).

  Wittgenstein 4: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Schriften 2. Philosophische Bemerkungen (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1970). English translation: Philosophical Remarks, trans. Rush Rhees (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980).

  Wittgenstein 5: Ludwig Wittgenstein, Wittgenstein’s Lectures, Cambridge 1932–1935 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1979).

  Wittgenstein 6: Ludwig Wittgenstein, On Certainty (Oxford: Blackwell, 1969).

  Wolfson: Harry Austryn Wolfon, The Philosophy of Spinoza, vol. 1 (New York: Schocken, 1969).

  Xenophon: Xenophon, Memorabilia, Oeconomicus, Symposium, Apologia (Loeb Classical Library), trans. E. C. Marchant and E. T. Dodd (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1923).

  REFERENCE MATTER

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  Index

  Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations.

  abandonment, 27–28, 51, 71, 92–93, 1157–58