The Omnibus Homo Sacer

by Giorgio Agamben

  affirmatio religiosa, 318–19

  Abel, Karl, 66, 72, 146

  Against Heresies (Irenaeus), 393, 399–400, 557–58

  Abelard, Peter, 669, 899

  Against Leocrates (Lycurgus), 302

  accidents, 456, 476–679, 694–96, 1132–33,

  Agnes of Prague, 970

  1159–62

  Agnostos theos (Norden), 548

  acclamation, 524–30, 535–36, 538–45, 574–77,

  aidos, 831–32, 1243

  580–82, 602–3

  Akiba (Rabbi), 554

  “Actif et moyen dans le verbe” (Benveniste),

  Alain of Lille, 340, 981–82

  1052

  alatheia, 1090–91

  action: art and, 685–87; being and, 688–89,

  Albertine Statute, 180

  701–2, 715–21, 726–28, 957–58; causation

  Albert the Great, 447, 450

  and, 480–83; ethics and, 722–23; forms of

  Alciato, Andrea, 265

  life and, 1227–30; glorification and, 566–67; Alcibiades (Plato), 1030, 1056–58, 1119–20

  grace and, 609–10, 666–67; inoperativity

  Alexander of Aphrodisias, 414, 446, 475–79,

  and, 588–94; liturgy and, 658–72, 675–700;

  482–83, 1078, 1212

  mystery and, 678–79; necessity of, 722–23;

  Alexander of Hales, 506

  norms and, 941–46; ontology of, 695–98,

  Alexander the Great, 592

  744–46; potentiality and, 691–92, 724–25,

  Alföldi, Andreas, 369–70, 523, 531–33, 536,

  1038–40, 1082–87, 1269; providence and,

  539–42, 547–48, 575, 592

  472–78; use and, 1081–87

  Algerian uprising, 177

  Acts of Thomas, 389

  Algonquians, 311

  actualitas, 688, 698–702. See also dynamis;

  Alphabet of Rabbi Akiba, 554

  energeia; potentiality

  Amalarius of Metz, 649–50, 704, 904

  Ad conditorem canonum (bull), 975, 990

  Ambrose (Saint), 381, 573, 585, 681–92, 703–16,

  Address to the Greeks (Tatian), 397–98

  724, 730–40, 910, 924–25, 964

  Adorno, Theodor, 230, 809, 814

  American Indians, 311

  adsectatio, 707–8

  Amery, Jean, 797, 811, 827–28

  Adversus Arium (Marius Victorinus), 1227

  Amira, Karl von, 534–36

  Adversus Praxean (Tertullian), 513, 558

  Ammianus Marcellinus, 549–50

  adynamia, 1082–87, 1276–77

  Ammonius, 325

  Aeneid (Virgil), 737

  amnesty, 262–63

  Aeschylus, 317

  amor fati, 43, 827

  aesthetics, 551, 564–66, 785, 1113–15, 1117–18,

  Amorum emblemata (Otto van Veen), 1023

  1249–51

  Amphilochius, 416

  “An Aesthetics of Existence” (Foucault), 1116

  anarchos, 422–24, 429–31, 496–97

  affectability, 1085–86

  anarchy, 194, 226–28, 383, 429, 563, 900,

  affection, 833–35, 848, 1053–55, 1059, 1075,

  1273–76

  1095, 1147, 1171–77

  Anastasius, 463

  1291

  1292 INDEX

  Ancient Religion (Kerenyi), 832

  Archaeology of Knowledge (Foucault), 853–54

  Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology (Finley),

  archè, 307–8, 422–24, 444–46, 497, 1019,

  1042

  1029–30, 1058, 1143–45, 1212, 1265–68,

  Angelis gaudium (Gregory IX), 970

  1275–76

  angelology, 409–10, 502–22, 589–90, 614, 673,

  Archinus, 262

  782–83

  archive, the, 852–76

  animality: humanity’s relation to, 1191–95,

  Arendt, Hannah, 37, 99, 748; auctoritas and,

  1207–8, 1222, 1248, 1267; language and,

  230–31; banality of evil and, 768; biologi­

  352–53; zones of indistinction and, 88–93,

  cal life and, 7; civil war and, 168, 253–54;

  307–9, 461, 494–95, 625–26, 976, 1076–78,

  German guilt and, 824–25; human rights

  1108–10

  and, 111; on language, 867; the Muslim

  anomie, 197, 199, 209–10, 217–29, 241,

  and, 807–8, 814–15; on slavery, 1043–45; on

  282–84, 867, 895, 1266–67, 1273–74

  totalitarianism, 99–100, 140

  Anselm (Saint), 340

  Argenis (Barclay), 289

  “Answer to Davenant’s Preface to Gondibert”

  Arianism, 382, 422–24, 667, 692

  (Hobbes), 273

  Aristotle: Alexander of Aphrodisias and,

  ante festum, 845–47

  475–83; alien life of the philosopher and,

  Antelme, Robert, 12, 151, 799, 829–30, 851

  929; Aquinas’s use of, 6, 447–49, 491–92,

  anthems, 504

  692–93, 728–29, 731–32, 1081–82, 1131–32,

  anthropogenesis, 1098–99, 1127–29, 1143–48,

  1138; bios–zoē distinction and, 5–6, 148–49,

  1192–97, 1214–15

  258; causation and, 369, 446, 455–62, 473–

  anthropology, 222–23, 227, 302, 575–80,

  74, 482–500, 609–22, 692–93, 1091–96;

  582–84, 746, 751

  chresis and, 1031–33, 1049–55; civil war

  Antichrist, the, 282–83, 285, 288

  and, 260–61; contemplation and, 1242–43;

  Antigone (Sophocles), 189, 813–14, 1242

  definition of the human of, 99; dynamis–

  Antikes Führertum (Pohlenz), 711

  energeia split and, 40–43; energeia and,

  Antisthenes, 1140–41

  685–86, 688–89, 1031–32, 1046, 1071–72,

  Apologia (Apuleius), 442

  1082–87, 1269, 1276–77; ethics of, 716–17,

  Apologia pauperum (Bonaventure), 977, 986

  724–28, 736–37; Foucault’s use of, 9–10;

  Apology (Aristides of Athens), 396

  Heidegger on, 726, 1071–72; inoperativity

  Apostolic Constitutions, 661, 663

  and, 595; life and politics distinction and,

  Apostolic Tradition (Hippolytus), 907

  1024, 1205–11, 1227; mystery and, 29–30;

  appropriation, 810–11, 831–46, 888–89,

  oaths and, 314–15; oikonomia and, 387;

  985–1001, 1050–55, 1065–72, 1100–1112,

  ontological difference and, 443–49, 1071–

  1186–98, 1256–60

  72, 1085–87, 1135–37, 1147–48, 1155–56,

  a priori, 1127–29, 1144–50, 1275

  1159–61, 1173, 1178, 1180, 1185–86, 1206–11,

  apse mosaic, 372

  1229–30, 1234–35; on perjury, 345; poiesis

  aptitude, 1169–70

  and, 686–87, 716, 1037–38, 1043–48, 1090,

  Apuleius, 440–42, 850

  1251; on potentiality, 27, 695–98; slavery

  Aquinas, Thomas, 341, 464–65, 506–19, 571,

  and, 1029–30, 1033–37, 1045–48, 1095–96,

  597, 628, 671, 681–82, 719, 734–35, 745,

  1098–99; the subject and, 1071, 1118, 1122,

  917, 932–33; Aristotle and, 6, 447–49, 491–

  1125, 1131–44, 1149–58, 1164, 1168, 1224–25;

  92, 692–93, 728–32, 1081–82, 1131–32, 1138;

  theology of, 5, 379–80, 408, 419, 421,

  works of, 186, 453–57, 471–73, 490–97,

  442–46, 475–78, 481, 653–54, 691. See also

  506–7, 516, 681–82, 729–30, 1092
–97. See

  specific works

  also specific works

  Arius, 422–23

  archaeology, 307–10, 312, 473; anarchos and,

  Arpe, Curt, 1138–39

  422–24, 429–31, 444, 496–97; Foucault

  ars, 686, 914–15, 941, 1094–95

  on, 375; of glory, 524, 551–601; as meta­

  art, 685–87, 692–93, 700, 915, 1117–18,

  semantics, 853–56; of office, 704–19; of

  1120–23, 1249–51

  ontology, 1127–29, 1131–48; of politics,

  Artemidorus, 1042–43

  1265; of power, 369–71; theology and,

  Article 16 (French Constitution), 177

  422–23; theory and, 1019

  Article 48 (Weimar Constitution), 178–79, 217

  INDEX 1293

  Article 77 (Republican Constitution), 180

  Averroes, 446, 729, 1218–19, 1239

  Arts de gouverner (Senellart), 473

  Avicenna, 41, 1168, 1184

  Arunta, the, 576

  Avignon Curia, 995–96, 998

  asceticism, 722–23, 905–10, 927–34, 975–

  1000. See also flight (from the world);

  Bachmann, Ingeborg, 837

  monasticism

  Bacht, Heinrich, 909–10

  Assmann, Jan, 547

  bad conscience, 722–23, 808, 827–29

  as­structures, 1108–9, 1138–39, 1182–85

  Bader, Günter, 911

  At an Uncertain Hour (Levi), 829

  Badiou, Alain, 24–25

  Athanasius, 696, 751, 893, 1154–55

  Ball, Hugo, 513

  Athenagoras, 399, 410, 513

  Balladore­Pallieri, Giorgio, 185

  “At the Border Between Life and Death” (Ryn

  Balthasar, Hans Urs von, 551–52, 564

  and Klodzinski), 871–75

  ban, the, 27–28, 42–53, 62–63, 65, 70, 88–96,

  auctoritas: definitions of, 231–32; as mana,

  1269–70. See also sovereignty

  209–10; monastic rule and, 913–15; potestas

  The Banquet (Dante), 506

  and, 230–42, 369–70, 434, 438, 463, 497,

  Barclay, John, 289

  1266–67, 1278–79; theology and, 531, 542

  bare life: as Being, 148–49, 153–54; in

  Augustine (Saint), 464–65; acclamation

  Benjamin, 55–57; biopolitics and, 101–2,

  and, 525; divine autonomy and, 441–42;

  113–26, 148, 1211–12, 1265–66; brain death

  eschatology and, 288; forms of life and,

  and, 132–36; citizenship and, 105–12;

  896–99, 902; governance and, 447–53,

  Dasein and, 1192–93; definitions of,

  629; katechon and, 385–86; the law and,

  70–71, 148–49; forms of life and, 1221–26;

  337; liturgy and, 562, 573, 581–82, 688, 691;

  hypostasis and, 1149–58; hypostasization

  office and, 732, 734–35; ontology and, 751,

  and, 1221–26; Jews as exemplary of, 147;

  1177–78, 1271–72; rules and, 910, 917–25,

  juridical violence and, 55–56; medical

  954–55, 964. See also specific works

  experimentation and, 127–31; the Muslim

  Augustus Caesar, 86–87, 224–25, 234–35,

  and, 805–7, 822–23, 1243; politics and, 7,

  237–38, 496–97, 592

  9–13, 74–77, 100–104, 113–19, 241, 264,

  Aulus Gellius, 260, 347–48, 709–10

  1206–8, 1232; production of, 71; sacredness

  Auschwitz: crime of, 814–15; dignity and,

  and, 84–85; sexuality and, 111–12; slavery

  805–7, 814; guilt and, 825–26; the Muslim

  as, 1045–48; sovereignty and, 9, 1215–17,

  and, 785–86, 788–818, 870–71; rem­

  1273–74; survival and, 850, 866; technants of, 869–70; shame and, 819–50;

  nology and, 1098–99; temporality and,

  Sonderkommando in, 767–68, 777–78,

  1147–48

  819–20; state of exception and, 793–94;

  Barion, Hans, 270

  survivors of, 812; temporality of, 846–47;

  Barlaam, 425

  testimony and, 841–43

  Barlaam and Iosaphat, 396

  Ausnahme (term). See exception, the

  Barth, Karl, 564–65, 567, 793

  Austin, J. L., 535–36

  “Bartleby the Scrivener” (Melville), 43, 728

  Austria, 110

  Bartolo, 912, 963

  autarchy, 1204–6, 1225–26

  Basil of Caesarea, 382, 416, 573, 686, 893–902,

  authenticity, 811, 1068–72, 1249–50

  908, 914–15, 920, 926, 947, 967

  authority. See auctoritas; potesta

  Bataille, Georges, 53, 64, 93–95

  Authorization for the Annihilation of Life

  Baumstark, Anton, 680

  Unworthy of being Lived (Binding and

  Bayle, M., 474–75, 570, 616–17, 1171, 1173

  Hoche), 113

  Beaufret, Jean, 1196

  authors, 853–54, 859–61, 868–69

  Becker, Oskar, 1198–99

  autism, 791

  “Before the Law” (Kafka), 44, 51

  auto­affection, 833–35, 848, 1141–42, 1147–48

  Behemoth, 269–72, 283, 290

  autoconstraint, 739–42

  being: action and, 419–29, 434, 452–53,

  Autolycus, 306–7

  460–64, 473–74, 480–82, 622–23, 650,

  automata, 1035–37

  688–89, 701–2, 715–19, 957–58; appropriaautonomy: divine, 421–22

  tion and, 1050–55, 1105–6, 1186–97;

  1294 INDEX

  being ( continued ):

  319–20; middle voice and, 1052–53, 1083–

  Aristotilean schism in, 9–10, 12, 443–49,

  84; nutritive life and, 1212–13; on oaths,

  1131–38, 1163–64; bare life and, 148–49;

  303–4, 325; on rhythm, 1183; sacredness

  biopolitics of, 859; consignment and, 52,

  and, 323–25, 433; scientific mythologemes

  56, 82–84, 92, 812, 831–35, 847–48, 1104–5,

  and, 64; semiotic­semantic distinction

  1188–11198; effectiveness and, 650, 860–61;

  and, 25; vows and, 919–20. See also specific

  existence and, 1149–58, 1164, 1167–72,

  works

  1177–80, 1185–88; glory and, 560–62;

  Benz, Ernst, 422, 750–51

  having­to­be and, 717–21, 744–49, 858–59; Bergen­Belsen, 794, 797

  hypostasis and, 1149–58; inoperativity and,

  Berlusconi, Silvio, 541

  1108–10; language and, 1132–33, 1143–48,

  Bernard (Saint), 571, 911

  1177–78, 1272; life and, 1024, 1193–94;

  Bernard of Clairvaux, 917, 932, 964

  logos and, 847–51; modalities of, 1159–62,

  Bernard Prim, 961

  1164–76, 1179–84, 1194–95; ontological

  Bessarion, 916

  difference and, 52, 148–49, 724, 1131–32,

  Bettelheim, Bruno, 791, 793–94, 797–800,

  1188–89; as substance, 695–96, 1122–23,

  802, 820, 823–24, 850

  1132–39; technology and, 600–601;

  Bible, the: Book of Acts and, 898; Book of

  willing and, 750–52. See also Aristotle;

  Exodus and, 339–40, 552–53, 556–57;

  essence; having­to­be; Heidegger, Martin;

  Book of Genesis and, 315, 397, 451; Book

  letting­be; ontology

  of Isaiah and, 280; Book of Job and,

  Being and Time (Heidegger), 684, 747, 81
0,

  269–70, 282; Book of Luke and, 712–13,

  845–46, 1063–64, 1068, 1088, 1104, 1142,

  779; Book of Matthew and, 304, 332, 389,

  1185–93

  474, 779; Book of Revelation and, 502–3,

  being­at­work, 686, 701, 1031–32, 1038, 1046,

  565–66, 593; Book of Romans and, 522,

  1072, 1081–87, 1206–7, 1249–51. See also

  530; Ecclesiastes and, 992; Gospel of John

  energeia

  and, 555, 665, 1234; liturgy in, 653–57;

  Beiträge zur Philosophie (Heidegger), 52,

  oath­making and, 304; providence in, 489;

  1157–58, 1186–90, 1195–96

  Psalms and, 573, 579, 594, 908–10, 984;

  Beleth, Jean, 704

  Romans and, 344. See also theology

  Belgium, 109–10

  Bichat, Xavier, 862–64

  belonging: ecstasy and, 195–96

  Bickermann, Elias, 80, 310, 324

  Bénatouïl, Thomas, 1073

  Binding, Karl, 113–15, 118

  Benedict of Aniane, 893, 899–900, 913, 948,

  Binswanger, Ludwig, 843–45

  1106–7

  bio­ontology, 1224–26

  Benedictus, 529

  biopolitics: Arendt and, 7; auctoritas and,

  Bengel, Johann A., 200, 377

  232–42; bodies and, 141–42; concentra­

  Benjamin, Walter: aesthetics and, 551–52; bio­

  tion camps and, 7, 12; definitions of, 6,

  politics and, 7–8; on disgust, 832; eschatol­

  99–104, 153, 815–17, 864, 1208–9, 1216–17,

  ogy and, 289, 1112, 1129, 1147; fascism and,

  1265–66; dignity and, 805–6; emergence

  94–95; on guilt, 26–27, 56; Heidegger and,

  of, 101–2; form of life and, 1205–6,

  1188–89; on language, 45, 47, 339, 1218;

  1232–39; homo sacer and, 95–96, 101–2,

  on the law, 45, 47, 49, 71; law’s violence

  150–54; lebensunwerten Leben and, 113–19;

  and, 36–37; purity and, 241–42; Schmitt

  medicine and, 132–36, 151–52; modalities

  and, 211–21; state of exception and, 13–14,

  and, 858–59; modern democracy and,

  168–69, 225, 1215–16; on violence, 54–57,

  11–12, 100; the Muslim and, 797–800;

  197–98, 234. See also specific works

  Nazi uses of, 113–26, 150; ontology and,

  Bennett, H., 61–62

  1206–11, 1224; rights talk and, 105–12;

  Benveniste, Émile: animal languages and,

  social contract theory and, 148–49; sov­

  352–53; aphasia of, 852–53; auctoritas and

  ereignty and, 9–10, 864–66; state of

  potestas and, 232; to be and, 1132–33; on

  exception and, 169; terrorism and, 264;

  blasphemy, 336; on the colossus, 83; on

  thanatopolitics and, 101–2, 117–18, 123–26;

  discourse, 842–43; Foucault and, 853–55;