George Washington's Surprise Attack

by Phillip Thomas Tucker

  5. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 390-391.

  6. Reuber Journal, RU; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 76; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, pp. 23-24; Stephenson, Patriot Battles, p. 258; The Washington Post, September 28, 1902; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, p. 56; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, p. 262; Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, p. 1217; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 246-247, p. 519, note 38; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 259, 267; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 169-170, 370, 389, 393-394; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 82-83; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 343; “The Good Soldier White,”American Heritage, p. 77; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, pp. 8-9; Robert Bray and Paul Bushnell, editors, Diary of a Common Soldier in the American Revolution, 1775-1783, An Annotated Edition of the Military Journal of Jeremiah Greenwood, (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press), p. 178; Puls, Henry Knox, pp. 73, 76.

  7. Reuber Journal, RU; Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 17, 94-95; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 170-171, 368, 392; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, p. 262; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 246-247, 519, note 38; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 82-83; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 257; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 343; John Paterson, Virtual American Biographies, internet.

  8. Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 171, 392.

  9. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 95, 215; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 171, 391; Ward, The War of the Revolution, p. 301.

  10. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 95, 215; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 259; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 249, 405; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 27; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 2; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 170-172, 391-392; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 8.

  11. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 95, 215, 217; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 172, 392.

  12. Reuber Journal, RU; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 172; Bill, TheCampaign of Princeton, p. 56; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 246-248, 519, note 38; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, pp. 262-263; Tagney, The World Turned Upside Down, p. 286; Dwyer, “The Day Is Our!,” pp. 257-259; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 83-84; Puls, Henry Knox, pp. 73, 76.

  13. Reuber Journal, RU; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 519, note 38; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 82-83; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, pp. 23-24; Egleston, The Life of John Paterson, pp. 1-69, 225-226, 256-260, 834-835; Bonk, Trenton and Princeton 1776-77, p. 20; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 257.

  14. Reuber Journal, RU; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 519, note 38; Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regment,” AU, pp. 95, 216; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 172, 391-392.

  15. Reuber Journal, RU; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 519, note 38; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 82-83; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 257.

  16. Reuber Journal, RU; Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 17; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 66, 83, 172, 178-179; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 519, note 38; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 8.

  17. Reuber Journal, RU; Slagle, “The Vonn Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 95; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 83-84; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, pp. 262-263; Tagney, TheWorld Turned Upside Down, p. 286; Dwyer, The Day Is Ours!, pp. 257, 259; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 172; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 301; Fischer, Washington’sCrossing, p. 519, note 38; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 8.

  18. Reuber Journal, RU; Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 94-96, 215-217; Tagney, The World Turned Upside Down, p. 286; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, p. 56; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, pp. 262-263; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 247-248, 252, 519, note 38; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 257-259; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 168, 172-174, 358, 392; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 82-83; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, pp. 8-9.

  19. Jacob Francis Biographical Sketch, African American Life in New Jersey, internet; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 257; Bonk, Trenton and Princeton 1776-77, p. 19; Billias, GeneralJohn Glover and His Marblehead Mariners, pp. 68-69

  20. Reuber Journal, RU; Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 94, 96; Ketchum, TheWinter Soldiers, p. 263; Wood, Battles of the Revolutionary War, p. 73; Fischer, Washington’sCrossing, pp. 248, 519, note 38; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 257-259; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 141, 170, 172-173; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 83-84.

  21. Reuber Journal, RU; New York Times, April 9, 1876; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 248-249, 519, note 38; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 257, 267; A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 83-84; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 343; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 170.

  22. Reuber Journal, RU; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 75; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 519, note 38.

  23. Reuber Journal, RU; Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 94-96; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 248, 519, note 38; Bonk, Trenton and Princeton, 1776-77, p. 19; Patterson, Washington and Cornwallis, p. 89; Wood, Battles of the Revolutionary War, p. 73; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, p. 121; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 259; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, pp. 145, 161, 263-266, 343; Ward, The War of the Revolution, pp. 300-301; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 174.

  24. Wheeler, Voices of 1776, p. 206; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 174.

  25. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 372.

  26. Reuber Journal, RU; Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 96; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 263; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 248, 519, note 38; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 174-175, 392.

  27. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 372.

  28. Reuber Journal, RU; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 248-249, 519, note 38; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 267; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 91; Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 95.

  29. Wheeler, Voices of 1776, p. 206; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 248-249.

  30. Slagle “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 99; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 259; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 249; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 20.

  31. A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 82-84; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, pp. 24, 27; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 20; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 257.

  32. Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 257, 260-261; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24.

  33. Stryker, The Battle of Trenton and Princeton, p. 372,

  34. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 17, 96; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 259; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 249; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24.

  35. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon, p. 135.

  36. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 96; Trussell, The Pennsylvania Line, p. 33; Retzer, The German Regiment of Maryland and Pennsylvania, p. 8; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Craig, General Edward Hand, pp. 48-49.

  37. Retzer, The German Regiment of Maryland and Pennsylvania, p. 8, Wheeler, Voices of 1776, p. 206; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, p. 48; Craig, General Edward Hand, pp. 48-49.

  38. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 96; Wood, Battles of the American Revolution, pp. 73-74; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24.

  39. Billias, General John Glover and his Marblehead Mariners, pp. 11-14; Bill, Th
e Campaign of Princeton, p. 56; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 154, 251-252; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, pp. 261-262; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 168; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 8.

  40. Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, pp. 262-263; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 172; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 301; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 257, 267; Tagney, TheWorld Turned Upside Down, p. 286; Bill, The Campaign for Princeton, p. 56; Edgar, Campaignof 1776, p. 343; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, pp. 4,8, 13.

  41. Stryker, The Battles fo Trenton and Princeton, p. 372.

  42. Ibid.

  43. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 95-96, 215; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, p. 263; Wood, Battles of the Revolutionary War, pp. 73-74; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 248, 251; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, pp. 20, 103; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 109-110, 372, 390; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 343; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, pp. 4, 8, 13

  44. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 96; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 343.

  45. Wheeler, Voices of 1776, p. 206; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 248-249.

  46. Craig, General Edward Hand, pp. 1-43; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 10.

  47. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 17, 96, 100; Retzer, The German Regiment of Maryland and Pennsylvania, pp. 8-10; Wright, The Continental Army, p. 259; Trussell, ThePennsylvania Line, pp. 33, 223, 225-226; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, p. 263; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 249, 251; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Wheeler, Voices of 1776, p. 206; Craig, General Edward Hand, pp. 1-48; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 343; Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon, p. 179; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 8; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 372, 405.

  48. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 96, 99; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 251;Retzer, The German Regiment of Maryland and Pennsylvania, pp. 8-10; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24.

  49. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 96; Steven V. Roberts, “Taking up arms–and assimilation” book review, Washington Post, April 11, 2010; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 375-379.

  50. Craig, General Edward Hand, p. 37.

  Chapter IX

  1. Maryland Gazette, May 1, 1777; Burrows, Forgotten Patriots, p. 6; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 146; Craig, General Edward Hand, pp. 27-28; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 391.

  2. Lengel, General George Washington, pp. 167-168, 188; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 12-13.

  3. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 375.

  4. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 96; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 259; Ferran’s Limerick Directory 1769, internet; “Havens and Hideaways, Seaside Charm in West Cork,” internet; George Washington letter to Apollos Morris, January 29, 1777, Gilder Lehrman Collection, New York Historical Society, New York City; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24.

  5. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 366; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 247.

  6. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 368; Valentine, Lord Stirling, p. 197; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 10.

  7. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 17-18, 93, 96, 214-215; Retzer, TheGerman Regiment of Maryland and Pennsylvania, p. 8; Trussel, The Pennsylvania Line, p. 33; Atwood, The Hessians, pp. 74-75; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, pp. 24-25; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, p. 263; Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, pp. 64, 245; Cox, A Proper Sense of Honor, p. 30; Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton, p. 29; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 247, 251; Hanser, The Glorious Hours of Lt. Monroe, p. 155; Joseph M. Malit email to author, July 21, 2010; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 144; Bill and Marjorie K. Walraven, The Magnificent Barbarians, Little Told Tales of the Texas Revolution, (Austin: Eakin Press, 1993), p. 171; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 8; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 175; Clark, All Cloudless Glory, p. 240; Marble, James Monroe, pp. 46-47.

  8. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 372.

  9. Ibid., p. 375.

  10. Ibid., p. 376; Kochan, Don Troiani’s Soldiers of the American Revolution, pp. 61-73; Kyle, American Gun, pp. 3-6.

  11. Griffin, Catholics and the American Revolution, vol. 2, pp. 371, 374, 383; Wheeler, Voicesof 1776, p. 207; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 251; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24.

  12. Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 8; Wheeler, Voices of 1776, p. 207; Irving, GeorgeWashington, p. 336.

  13. Heath, Memoirs of Major-General William Heath, p. 95; Erza Stiles, The Literary Diary of Erza Stiles, D. D., LL. D., (2 vols., New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1901), vol. 2, p. 109; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 251; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 24.

  14. Ward, The War of the Revolution, p. 301.

  15. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 375-376.

  16. Ibid., pp. 480-481.

  17. Elisha Bostwick Memoir, YUL; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, pp. 23-24.

  18. Trussell, The Pennsylvania Line, p. 33; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 23; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 251; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 382; Fischer, Liberty and Freedom, p. 146.

  19. Puls, Henry Knox, p. 77.

  20. Valentine, Lord Stirling, p. 197; Mitnick, ed., New Jersey and the American Revolution, pp. 4, 17; Rodney, Diary of Captain Thomas Rodney, p. 51.

  21. Valentine, Lord Stirling, p. 197; Walters, John Haslet, p. 369.

  22. Valentine, Lord Stirling, p. 198; Mitnick, ed., New Jersey in the American Revolution, pp. 142-143,

  23. Maryland Gazette, May 1, 1777; Peckham, The War of Independence, p. 42; Mitnick, ed., New Jersey and the American Revolution, p. 182; New York Times, December 27, 1880; Smith, New York 1776, pp. 50-54.

  24. Lengel, General George Washington, p. 209; Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, p. 16.

  25. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 376.

  26. Walters, John Haslet, p. 369.

  27. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 36, 110; Smith, New York 1776, p. 54; New York Times, December 27, 1880; Boatner, Encyclopedia of the American Revolution, p. 499; Burrows, Forgotten Patriots, pp. 6, 30; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 151.

  28. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, pp. 38, 215; Irving, George Washington, p. 336.

  29. Farling, Almost A Miracle, p. 178; Hanser, The Glorious Hour of Lt. Monroe, p. 161; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, pp. 344, 392.

  Chapter X

  1. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 98; Billias, General John Glover and his Marblehead Mariners, p. 14; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, p. 56; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, pp. 263-264; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 252; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 259-260; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, pp. 24-25; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 76; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 8; Ward, The War of the Revolution, p. 301

  2. Dwyer, The Day Is Ours!, p. 260; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 25; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, p. 10.

  3. Slagle, “The Von Lossberg Regiment,” AU, p. 58; Randall, George Washington, p. 325; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, p. 57; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, pp. 264-265; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 251-252, 254, 405; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 268; Smith, TheBattle of Trenton, pp. 22, 25; Linklater, An Artist in Treason, p. 28; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, pp. 66-67, Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, pp. 227, 357, 389, 392-393; Weller, “Guns of Destiny,” MA, pp. 4, 8, 13.

  4. Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 76; Bill, The Campaign of Princeton, p. 57; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 25; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, p. 344; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 268-269; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 168.<
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  5. Troiani and Kochan, Don Troiani’s Soldiers of the American Revolution, p. 62; Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, pp. 264-265; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 252; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 268, 273; Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 76.

  6. Burgoyne, Defeat, Disaster, and Dedication, p. 76; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, pp. 345-347.

  7. Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 252; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 257; John Keane, TomPaine, A Political Life, (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1995), pp. 16-22, 192-196; Crown and Rogers, Images of America, Trenton, p. 7.

  8. Ketchum, The Winter Soldiers, p. 265; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 253, 405; Linklater, An Artist in Treason, pp. 7, 19, 28-328; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, p. 25; Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 393.

  9. A Young Patriot in the American Revolution, pp. 83-85.

  10. Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 269; Hanser, The Glorious Hour of Lt. Monroe, p. 161; Smith, The Battle of Trenton, pp. 25-26.

  11. Ward, The War of the Revolution, p. 303.

  12. Elisha Bostwick Memoir, YUL.

  13. Tagney, The World Turned Upside Down, p. 286.

  14. Ward, Major General Adam Stephen and the Cause of American Liberty, p. 152.

  15. Stryker, The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, p. 376.

  16. “The Good Soldier White,” American Heritage, p. 77; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, pp. 249, 254, 405; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” pp. 259, 261.

  17. Griffin, Catholics in the American Revolution, vol. 2, p. 388; Brian Lalor, editor, TheEncyclopedia of Ireland, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 393.

  18. Tilghman, Memoir of Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman, pp. 10, 15,149.

  19. Smith, The Battle of Trenton, pp. 25-26; Edgar, Campaign of 1776, pp. 349, 362.

  20. Washington letter to Morris, January 29, 1777; Lehrman Collection, NYHS; Ferran’s Limerick Directory 1769, internet; Dwyer, “The Day Is Ours!,” p. 259.

  21. Elisha Bostwick Memoir, YUL; Fischer, Washington’s Crossing, p. 251.