Systems and Debates
Page 49
[←27 ]
TN: Stefan Anton George (12th July, 1868–4th December, 1933) was a German symbolist poet and a translator to whom we owe several German translations of Dante Alighieri, William Shakespeare, and Charles Baudelaire.
[←28 ]
TN: The Tapestry of Life.
[←29 ]
TN: Carl Schmitt (11th July, 1888–7th April, 1985) was a conservative German jurist and political theorist whose thoughts revolved around the effective wielding of political power. His work has been a source of great influence on subsequent political theory, legal theory, continental philosophy and political theology. Despite their impact, his thoughts are considered controversial due to his alleged close cooperation with and juridical-political support of Nazism; as a result of this, he is often referred to as the ‘crown jurist of the Third Reich’.
[←30 ]
TN: Armin Mohler (12th April, 1920–4th July, 2003) was a Swiss-born Right-oriented political author and philosopher associated with the Neue Rechte (New Right) movement.
[←31 ]
TN: Julien Freund (8th January, 1921–10th September, 1993) was a French philosopher and sociologist. He was labelled an “unsatisfied liberal-conservative” by Pierre-André Taguieff; his work as a sociologist and political theorist is an extension of Carl Schmitt’s.
[←32 ]
TN: The Essence of the Political.
[←33 ]
TN: Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz (1st June, 1780–16th November, 1831) was a Prussian general and military theorist who emphasised the ‘moral’ (meaning, in modern terms, psychological) and political aspects of war.
[←34 ]
TN: On War.
[←35 ]
TN: Walther Rathenau (29th September, 1867–24th June, 1922) was a German statesman who served as Foreign Minister during the Weimar Republic.
[←36 ]
TN: Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara (14th June, 1928–9th October, 1967) was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat and military theorist.
[←37 ]
TN: Maurice Duverger (5th June, 1917–16th December, 2014) was a French jurist, sociologist and politician.
[←38 ]
TN: ‘Political Considerations’.
[←39 ]
TN: The Republic of Comrades.
[←40 ]
TN: Planned Economy.
[←41 ]
TN: Arcadia, an Essay on the Topic of Betterment.
[←42 ]
TN: The Crisis of American Capitalism.
[←43 ]
TN: Of Sovereignty.
[←44 ]
TN: The Art of Conjecture.
[←45 ]
TN: Gaston Berger (1st October, 1896–13th November, 1960) was a French futurist, as well as an industrialist, philosopher and state manager.
[←46 ]
TN: The Association for Economic, Industrial and Social Studies.
[←47 ]
TN: The expression is used in English when referring to book that has been written or adapted for a particular purpose or to fulfil a particular need.
[←48 ]
TN: This is a reference to Pierre-Jean de Beranger’s Le Roi d’Yvetot (King of Yvetot), a poem that describes a good, modest and kind king who willingly deprived himself of all wealth and ensured the happiness of his own people.
[←49 ]
TN: Lessons in Constitutional Politics.
[←50 ]
TN: Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (15th July, 1848–19th August, 1923) was an Italian engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist, and philosopher. In his Trattato di Sociologia Generale (1916), published in English by Harcourt, Brace in a four-volume edition edited by Arthur Livingston under the title The Mind and Society (1935), Pareto developed his conception of the ‘circulation of elites’, the first social cycle theory in sociology. He is often quoted for having stated that ‘history is a graveyard of aristocracies’.
[←51 ]
TN: Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, generally known simply as Montesquieu (18th January, 1689–10th February, 1755), was a French judge, literary figure and political philosopher.
[←52 ]
TN: The Centre for Prospective Studies.
[←53 ]
TN: The Enterprise Evolution Research Centre.
[←54 ]
TN: Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg is a French politician of the Radical Party of the Left (Parti Radical de Gauche, PRG).
[←55 ]
TN: Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (15th January, 1809–19th January, 1865) was a French politician and the founder of mutualist philosophy. He was the very first to declare himself an anarchist and is widely considered one of the ideology’s most influential theorists.
[←56 ]
TN: War and Peace.
[←57 ]
TN: A Depiction of the Political Forces of Western France.
[←58 ]
TN: Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron was a French philosopher, sociologist, political scientist, and journalist. He is most famous for his book entitled The Opium of the Intellectuals, whose title acts as an inversion of Karl Marx’s claim that religion is the opium of the people.
[←59 ]
TN: Georges Vedel (5th July, 1910–21st February, 2002) was a French public law professor and author.
[←60 ]
TN: Marcel Prélot (30th October, 1898–26th December, 1972) was a French politician and constitutional expert.
[←61 ]
TN: Political Science.
[←62 ]
TN: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27th August, 1770–14th November, 1831) was a German philosopher and a significant figure of German idealism.
[←63 ]
TN: Bertrand William Russel was a British philosopher, writer, historian, logician, mathematician, social critic, political activist and Nobel laureate.
[←64 ]
TN: Karl Marx (5th May, 1818–14th March, 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist and revolutionary socialist.
[←65 ]
TN: Johann Kaspar Schmidt (25th October, 1806–26th June, 1856), generally known as Max Stirner, was a German philosopher. He is often considered one of the forerunners of nihilism, existentialism, psychoanalytic theory, postmodernism, and individualist anarchism.
[←66 ]
TN: The Ego and Its Own.
[←67 ]
TN: Roger Caillois (3rd March, 1913–21st December, 1978) was a French intellectual whose idiosyncratic work was a combination of literary criticism, sociology, and philosophy.
[←68 ]
TN: Gaston Bouthoul (1896–1980) was a French sociologist who specialised in the study of the phenomenon of war.
[←69 ]
TN: Dominique Venner (16th April, 1935–21st May, 2013) was a French historian, journalist and essayist. He was initially a member of the Organisation known as armée secrète, but later became a European nationalist before withdrawing from politics to focus on a career as a historian. What he specialised in was military and political history.
[←70 ]
TN: A French journalist.
[←71 ]
TN: Maximilian Karl Emil ‘Max’ Weber (21 April 1864–14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist whose ideas had a profound impact on both social theory and social research.
[←72 ]
TN: The Divagation of Political Thoughts.
[←73 ]
TN: Political Sociology.
[←74 ]
TN: Guide to Politics.
[←75 ]
TN: What is politics?
[←76 ]
TN: The Sociology of Max Webber.
[←77 ]
TN: New Age — Elements for the Theory of Democracy and Peace.
[←78 ]
TN: Contemporary Law.
[←
79 ]
TN: The Theories of Human Sciences.
[←80 ]
TN: Pareto — The Theory of Equilibrium.
[←81 ]
TN: Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire.
[←82 ]
TN: The Chatti (also Chatthi or Catti) were an ancient Germanic tribe whose homeland was near the upper Weser.
[←83 ]
TN: The Harii (West Germanic ‘warriors’) were, according to the views expressed by Roman historian Tacitus, a Germanic people.
[←84 ]
TN: Maurice Bardèche (1st October, 1907–30th July 1998) was a French essayist, literary and art critic, journalist, and one of the main proponents of neo-Fascism in post–World War II Europe.
[←85 ]
TN: Sparta and the Southerners.
[←86 ]
TN: François d’Orcival is a French conservative intellectual and the editor-in-chief of Valeurs Actuelles.
[←87 ]
TN: A French author.
[←88 ]
TN: Jean Mabire (8th February, 1927, in Paris–29th March 2006) was a French author, journalist and literary critic.
[←89 ]
TN: A French author.
[←90 ]
TN: Pierre Eugène Drieu La Rochelle (3rd January, 1893–15th March, 1945) was a French author of novels, short stories and political essays.
[←91 ]
TN: combat base.
[←92 ]
TN: Algerian National Liberation Front.
[←93 ]
TN: Marcel ‘Bruno’ Bigeard (14th February, 1916–18th June, 2010) was a French military officer who fought in World War II, Indochina and Algeria. He was also one of the commanders in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and is widely considered to have had a major impact on French ‘unconventional’ warfare thinking from that time on.
[←94 ]
TN: Erwan Bergot (27th January, 1930–1st May, 1993) was a French Army officer and author; he served in the French Army during the First Indochina War and Algerian War (notably under Major Bigeard).
[←95 ]
TN: Guillaume d’Estouteville (c. 1412–1483) was a French aristocrat of royal blood who became a prominent bishop and cardinal.
[←96 ]
TN: ‘honour and loyalty’.
[←97 ]
TN: Lewis Burwell ‘Chesty’ Puller (26th June, 1898–11th October, 1971) was a United States Marine Corps lieutenant general who, early in his military career, fought guerrillas in Haiti and Nicaragua. He then went on to serve with distinction in both World War II and the Korean War.
[←98 ]
TN: The Haganah (a Hebrew word meaning ‘Defence’) was a Zionist military organisation that represented the majority of the Jews in Palestine from 1920 to 1948.
[←99 ]
TN: The battle of Camarón.
[←100 ]
TN: The Samurai.
[←101 ]
TN: The Paratroopers.
[←102 ]
TN: The Marines.
[←103 ]
TN: The Haganah.
[←104 ]
TN: Gérard Walter was a renowned French historian.
[←105 ]
TN: Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, alias Lenin (22nd April, 1870–21st January, 1924), was a prominent Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
[←106 ]
TN: The Thermidor 9th Conjuration — Thermidor was the 11th month in the French Republican Calendar.
[←107 ]
TN: The Origins of Communism.
[←108 ]
TN: VI, 29, actually.
[←109 ]
TN: Augustine of Hippo was an early Christian theologian and philosopher from Numidia whose writings impacted the development of both Western Christianity and philosophy.
[←110 ]
TN: Cyprian (c. 200–258) was bishop of Carthage and a prominent early Christian author and saint.
[←111 ]
TN: Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus (c. 155–c. 240 AD) was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa and a Christian apologist and polemicist who denounced, in a most vociferous manner, what he considered to be heresy, including contemporary Christian Gnosticism.
[←112 ]
TN: All of whom are renowned and influential Christian figures.
[←113 ]
TN: Marcion of Sinope (c. 85–c. 160) was a prominent figure in early Christianity. His theology rejected the deity described in the Hebrew Scriptures and espoused the Father of Christ as the true God, one that is distinct from the creator deity. The Church Fathers eventually condemned him and he was excommunicated.
[←114 ]
TN: The Manicheans adhered to the dualistic religious system of Manes, a combination of Gnostic Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and various other elements involving a conflictual doctrine between light and dark, with matter regarded as dark and evil.
[←115 ]
TN: Phaleas of Chalcedon (early 4th century BC) was a Greek statesman of antiquity who believed that all the citizens of a model city should be equal in both property and education.
[←116 ]
TN: Hippodamus of Miletus (498–408 BC), was an ancient Greek architect, urban planner, physician, mathematician, meteorologist and philosopher; he is regarded as ‘the father of European urban planning’. He suggested that society should reward all individuals who produce something useful to society.
[←117 ]
TN: Sir Thomas More (7th February, 1478–6th July, 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English solicitor, social philosopher, writer, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist.
[←118 ]
TN: Tommaso Campanella (5th September, 1568–21st May, 1639) was a Dominican friar, philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.
[←119 ]
TN: The Origins of Communism.
[←120 ]
TN: On Power.
[←121 ]
TN: Democracy in the Face of the 20th century.
[←122 ]
TN: The Theory of Democracy.
[←123 ]
TN: A French economist.
[←124 ]
TN: Analyses and Previsions.
[←125 ]
TN: The work bears this very title.
[←126 ]
TN: Social and Private Costs.
[←127 ]
TN: The Economy of Collective Services and Public Expenditure.
[←128 ]
TN: Economic Equilibrium and Growth — Principles of Macro-Economics.
[←129 ]
TN: The National Foundation of Political Sciences.
[←130 ]
TN: The History of Economic Theories.
[←131 ]
TN: New School.
[←132 ]
TN: Soviet Studies.
[←133 ]
TN: The China Notebooks.
[←134 ]
TN: Mao Zedong (26th December, 1893–9th September, 1976) was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People’s Republic of China, which he then governed as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
[←135 ]
TN: Leonard Clemence Tindemans (16th April, 1922–26th December, 2014) was a Belgian politician who became the 43rd Prime Minister of Belgium from 25th April, 1974, until his resignation as minister on 20th October, 1978.