5.“F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: Current Outlook Is Improved, but Long-Term Affordability Is a Major Concern,” United States Government Accountability Office, March 2013, gao.gov/assets/660/652948.pdf.
6.“Defence Spending in a Time of Austerity,” The Economist, August 26, 2010, economist.com/node/16886851.
7.“Biography: John Harrison,” Royal Naval Museum Library, 2004, royalnavalmuseum.org/info_sheets_john_harrison.htm.
8. Karim Lakhani and Jill A. Panetta, “The Principles of Distributed Innovation,” Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization 2, no. 3 (summer 2007) research paper, no. 2007-7, the Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Available at SSRN, ssrn.com/abstract=1021034.
9.“Workshop to Assess the Potential Technological Advance through Governmental Sponsored Prizes and Contests,” Report of the Steering Committee, National Academy of Engineering, April 30, 1999, nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9724&page=37.
10.Alan Boyle, “SpaceShipOne Wins $10 million X Prize,” NBCNews .com, October 5, 2004, nbcnews.com/id/6167761/#.UnMPuZSxPrY.
11.“America COMPETES Reauthorization Act,” cio.gov/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/Prize_Authority_in_the_America_COMPETES_Reauthorization_Act.pdf.
12.Information on the Tricorder X PRIZE was supplemented by the following sources: “Qualcomm Tricorder X PRIZE Competition Guidelines,” QualcommTricorderXPrize.org, July 1, 2013, qualcommtricorderxprize.org/files/qtxp.org/QTXP_Guidelines_20130701_v18.pdf; Jason Dorrier, “Diamandis: Tricorder X PRIZE Offers $10 Million to Build Star Trek Inspired Health Scanner,” Singularity Hub, February 20, 2013, singularityhub.com/2013/02/20/diamandis-tricorder-x-prize-offers-10-million-to-build-star-trek-inspired-health-scanner.
13.“The Moment of Proof: A Revolution in Oil Spill Recovery,” Elastec AmericanMarine, elastec.com/PDF/The%20Moment%20of%20Proof%202MB.pdf.
14.David Zax, “Fast Talk: How this Tattoo Artist Became a Tech Entrepreneur,” Fast Company, fastcompany.com/1812665/fast-talk-how-tattoo-artist-became-tech-entrepreneurax.
15.“Non Lethal Vehicle Stopping Technology,” SBIR.gov, sbir.gov/sbirsearch/detail/158780.
16.Information on the Vehicle Stopper Challenge was supplemented by the following sources: “Vehicle Stopper,” InnoCentive, March 2, 2011, gw.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9932698; “InnoCentive and the Air Force Research Lab Announce Completion of Initial Open Innovation Challenges,” InnoCentive, October 17, 2011, innocentive.com/innocentive-and-air-force-research-lab-announce-successful-completion-initial-open-innovation-challe; Michael Cooney, “Air Force awards $25K to Inventor of Insanely Fast Device That Stops Fleeing Cars,” NetworkWorld, September 2, 2011, networkworld.com/community/blog/air-force-awards-25k-inventor-insanely-fast-d.
17.“HHS and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Introduce New Investing in Innovations (i2) Initiative,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, June 8, 2011, hhs.gov/news/press/2011pres/06/20110608a.html.
18.Ibid.
19.“One in a Million Hearts Challenge,” Health 2.0 Developer Challenge, health2con.com/devchallenge/one-in-a-million-hearts-challenge.
20.Information on Aamer Ghaffar’s submission was supplemented by the following sources: “Health 2.0 and Walgreens Announce the Winner of the Health Guide Challenge,” Market Wired, September 26, 2011, marketwire.com/press-release/health-20-and-walgreens-announce-the-winner-of-the-health-guide-challenge-1565539.htm; “mHealthCoach_One in a Million Hearts Challenge submission,” YouTube.com, December 31, 2011, youtube.com/watch?v=CwIdwHnfIqc&feature=youtu.be; “One in a Million Hearts Challenge,” Health 2.0 Developer Challenge, health2con.com/devchallenge/one-in-a-million-hearts-challenge.
21.“Advancing Interoperability and Health Information Exchange,” Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Department of Health and Human Services, Federal Register 78, no. 45 (March 7, 2013), gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-03-07/html/2013-05266.htm.
22.Rick Borstein, “An Interview with Adobe’s Michael Jackson on the Blue Button Initiative,” Adobe Healthcare Blog, December 1, 2010, blogs.adobe.com/healthcare/2010/12/an-interview-with-adobes-michael-jackson-on-the-blue-button-initiative.html.
23.Information on Blue Button challenges was supplemented by the following sources: “Blue Button Mash Up Challenge: Background,” Health 2.0 Developer Challenge, 2011, health2con.com/devchallenge/blue-button-mash-up-challenge/#background; “iBlueButton,” Health 2.0 Developer Challenge, health2con.com/devchallenge/files/BlueButton-Mashup-Challenge-iBlueButton-Slide-Deck.pdf; “Testimony of Christopher R. Burrow, MD, Before the Subcommittee on Health and Technology Small Business Committee, U.S. House of Representatives,” Hearing on Mobile Medical App Entrepreneurs, Changing the Face of Health Care,” June 27, 2013, smallbusiness.house.gov/uploadedfiles/6-27-2013_burrow_testimony.pdf.
24.“Dick Tracy Band,” Minniepaulmusic.com, minniepaulmusic.com/?page_id=213.
25.“The Partnership Fund for Program Integrity Innovation,” partner4solutions.gov.
26.David Levine, “Medicaid Fraud: Is It Worth States’ Time to Fight it?” Governing, May 2013, governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-medicaid-fraud-fight-value.html.
27. Mike Isaac, “Why Designers Hate Crowdsourcing,” Forbes.com, July 12, 2010, forbes.com/2010/07/09/99designs-spec-graphic-technology-future-design-crowdsourcing.html.
28.“AIGA Position on Spec Work,” AIGA, aiga.org/position-spec-work.
29.Information on the Department of Interior’s crowdsourcing efforts was derived from the following sources: Mary Koster, “U.S. Department of Interior: Stop the US Department of Interior from Crowdsourcing a Logo,” Change.org, change.org/petitions/us-department-of-the-interior-stop-the-us-department-of-interior-from-crowdsourcing-a-logo; “Logo: U.S. Department of the Interior,” CrowdSpring, June 1, 2011, crowdspring.com/logo-design/project/2296807_logo-us-department-of-the-interior/details.
30.“President Obama’s State of the Union Address,” New York Times, January 24, 2012, nytimes.com/2012/01/25/us/politics/state-of-the-union-2012-transcript.html?pagewanted=all.
31.“Equal Pay Apps Challenge,” equalpay.challengepost.com.
32.“$5.5 Million in Funding from U.S. DOE to Further Goals of Competition,” X Prize Foundation, November 2, 2009, progressiveautoxprize.org/news-events/press-release/55-million-in-funding-from-us-doe-to-further-goals-of-competition.
33.Stephanie Marie Garcia, “Person of the Year: Bad Boy Turned Brazen Brainiac: Oliver Kuttner,” The Hook, Thursday 16, 2010, readthehook.com/86633/cover-person-year-bad-boy-turned-brazen-brainiac-oliver-kuttner.
34.“Obama Administration Finalizes Historic 54.5 MPG Fuel Efficiency Standards,” August 28, 2012, whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/08/28/obama-administration-finalizes-historic-545-mpg-fuel-efficiency-standard.
35.Information about Apps for Abuses was supplemented by the following sources: “About Vice President Biden’s Efforts to End Violence Against Women,” WhiteHouse.gov, whitehouse.gov/1is2many/about; Kathleen Sebelius, “‘Apps Against Abuse’ Challenge to Help Address Sexual Assault and Dating Violence,” WhiteHouse.gov, July 13, 2011, whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/07/13/apps-against-abuse-challenge-help-address-sexual-assault-and-dating-violence; “The Department of Health and Human Services Challenged Developers to Create Apps That Empower Young Adults to Prevent Abuse and Violence,” Apps Against Abuse, appsagainstabuse.challenge.gov.
36.Rosie Spinks, “Tap for Safety: Circle of 6 to Stop Rape,” dowser.org, April 13, 2013, dowser.org/tap-for-safety-circle-of-six-to-stop-rape.
37.“GSA’s Challenge.gov Earns Harvard Innovation Award,” Harvard Kennedy School Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, January 23, 2014, ash.harvard.edu/Home/News-Events/Press-Releases/G
SA-s-Challenge.gov-Earns-Harvard-Innovation-Award.
38.“The Grand Challenges of the 21st Century: Prepared Remarks of Tom Kalil at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation,” WhiteHouse.gov, April 12, 2012, whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/grandchallenges-speech-04122012-rev.pdf.
39.Heather Kelly, “Self-driving Cars Now Legal in California,” CNN, October 30, 2012, cnn.com/2012/09/25/tech/innovation/self-driving-car-california.
40.Supporting material for the passage on Grand Challenge was derived from the following sources: Cristin Dorgelo and Tom Kalil, “21st Century Grand Challenges,” WhiteHouse.gov, April 9, 2012, whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/04/09/21st-century-grand-challenges; “The Grand Challenges of the 21st Century: Prepared Remarks of Tom Kalil at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation,” WhiteHouse.gov, April 12, 2012, whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/grandchallenges-speech-04122012-rev.pdf.
41.“A Strategy for American Innovation: Driving Towards Sustainable Growth and Quality Jobs,” WhiteHouse.gov, September 2009, whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/nec/StrategyforAmericanInnovation.
Chapter 8
1.John Field, “Patton of the Armored Force,” Life Magazine, November 30, 1942, 124, books.google.com/books?id=RkEEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=life+magazine+november+30+1942&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ztrqUbb0I8794APGqYDoCw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=patton%20sears&f=false.
2.Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Fireside Chat 15: On National Defense,” The University of Virginia Miller Center, May 26, 1940, millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/3316.
3.Bruce Frassinelli, “President Wilson’s ‘$1-a-year men’ Still Inspire,” Morning Call, May 1, 2009, articles.mcall.com/2009-05-01/opinion/4365157_1_lee-iacocca-chrysler-corp-stimulus-package.
4.Dale McFeatters, “Civilian Aluminum Items May Be Made Again Soon,” Pittsburgh Press, March 10, 1944, news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19440310&id=bFIbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lEwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1833,4944987.
5.Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Excerpts from the April 15, 1941 Press Conference,” the American Presidency Project, presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=16101.
6.“R. Sargent Shriver,” the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, jfklibrary.org/JFK/The-Kennedy-Family/R-Sargent-Shriver.aspx.
7.Scott Stossel, Sarge: The Life and Times of Sargent Shriver (New York: Other Press, 2011), books.google.com/books?id=K2WR945fz2sC&pg=PT279&lpg=PT279&dq=harris+wofford+%22talent+search%22&source=bl&ots=Rsq5I0LJ6q&sig=9Pa2fbk-0K1Z6BQ0_ZahmqePt0Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rdjrUc-9NZS34APk_YC4Aw&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ.
8.“Transcript: ServiceNation Presidential Forum at Columbia University,” Clips & Comment, September 11, 2008, clipsandcomment.com/2008/09/11/transcript-servicenation-presidential-forum-at-columbia-university.
9.Joe Davidson, “Top Transition Official Explains How to Make Government ‘Cool’ Again,” Federal Diary, Washington Post, November 10, 2008, voices.washingtonpost.com/federal-diary/2008/11/top_transition_official_explai.html.
10.Information on James Shelton was derived from the following sources: Edmund Newton, “The Root 100 Close-Up: James Shelton,” the Root, December 19, 2011, theroot.com/views/root-100-closeup-james-shelton; “Senior Staff: James H. Shelton III, Assistant Deputy Secretary for Innovation and Improvement – Biography,” Ed.gov, last modified June 2, 2009, www2.ed.gov/news/staff/bios/shelton.html; “i3 Projects Look Back on Progress and Lessons Learned,” Ed.gov, June 6, 2013, ed.gov/oii-news/i3-projects-look-back-progress-and-lessons-learned.
11.Information on Maura O’Neill was derived from the following sources: Joseph Marks, “Development Agency’s Chief Innovator to Step Down,” Nextgov, April 3, 2013, nextgov.com/emerging-tech/emerging-tech-blog/2013/04/development-agencys-chief-innovator-step-down/62272/; “Maura O’Neill,” Impatient Optimists: Blog of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, m.impatientoptimists.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fimpatientoptimists.org%2FAuthors%2FO%2FMaura-ONeill.
12.Tom Kalil and Robynn Sturm Steffen, “We the Geeks: Innovation for Global Good,” WhiteHouse.gov, June 24, 2013, whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/06/24/we-geeks-innovation-global-good.
13.Alec Ross, “Digitizing America,” digitizingamerica.shanti.virginia.edu/sites/shanti.virginia.edu.digitizingamerica/files/Alec%20Ross%20Longform%20Bio.pdf.
14.Jim Puzzanghera, “New Consumer Bureau Proposes Simplified Mortgage Disclosure Forms,” Los Angeles Times, May 18, 2011, articles.latimes.com/2011/may/18/business/la-fi-mortgage-forms-20110519.
15.“Know Before You Owe,” Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, consumerfinance.gov/knowbeforeyouowe/#17.
16.“Integrated Mortgage Disclosures under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X) and the Truth In Lending Act (Regulation Z),” Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, Federal Register, 12 CFR Parts 1024 and 1026, files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201207_cfpb_proposed-rule_integrated-mortgage-disclosures.pdf.
17.Lucy Madison, “Obama Unveils Mortgage Refinancing Plan,” CBSNews.com, February 1, 2012, cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57369731-503544/obama-unveils-mortgage-refinancing-plan.
18.Jay Goldman, “Dean Kamen TEDMED2011: What’s on the Horizon for Medical Robotics,” Klick Health, November 2, 2011, klick.com/health/news/blog/tedmed2011-dean-kamen-whats-on-the-horizon-for-medical-robotics.
19.“Entrepreneurs in Residence Program,” FDA.gov, last modified December 13, 2012, fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofMedicalProductsandTobacco/CDRH/CDRHInnovation/InnovationPathway/ucm286138.htm.
20.“FDA Announces Plans to Pilot End-Stage Kidney Disease Technology in New Program,” FDA.gov, April 9, 2012, fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm299339.htm.
21.Alexander Gaffney, “FDA Opens Innovation Pathway to First Round of Devices,” Regulatory Focus, April 10, 2012, raps.org/focus-online/news/news-article-view/article/1227/fda-opens-innovation-pathway-to-first-round-of-devices.aspx.
22.Supplemental information on the EIR program in USCIS was derived from the following sources: “Entrepreneurs in Residence (EIR),” U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, last modified May 8, 2013, uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/menuitem.eb1d4c2a3e5b9ac89243c6a7543f6d1a/?vgnextoid=d44eee876cb85310VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD&vgnextchannel=d44eee876cb85310VgnVCM100000082ca60aRCRD; “DHS Reforms to Attract and Retain Highly Skilled Immigrants,” United States Department of Homeland Security, January 31,2012, dhs.gov/news/2012/01/31/dhs-reforms-attract-and-retain-highly-skilled-immigrants.
23.Supplemental information on the O-1 Visa was derived from the following sources: Vaughan de Kirby, “Playboy Playmate Receives O-1 Visa, Stirs Controversy,” deKirby.net, July 5, 2012, dekirby.net/news/playboy-playmate-receives-o-1-visa-stirs-controversy-20120705.cfm; Sarah McBride, “U.S. ‘Genius’ Visa Attracts Entrepreneurs and Playmates,” Reuters, June 29, 2012, reuters.com/article/2012/06/29/us-usa-visa-extraordinary-idUSBRE85S09A20120629; “USA Immigration Work Permits and Visas,” SkillClear, skillclear.co.uk/usa/extraordinary-ability-o1.asp.
24.“EIR,” U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis/eir.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/11/29/new-front-door-immigrant-entrepreneurs.
25.Supplemental information on Fabien Beckers was derived from the following sources: Emily Maltby, “A New Push for Entrepreneur Visas,” Wall Street Journal, February 12, 2013, online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324880504578298150540138218.html; “Strategic Immigration Reform: Fabien Beckers, Morpheus Medical,” YouTube.com, February 4, 2013, youtube.com/watch?v=PVfBHDkhNus; “Morpheus Medical,” AngelList, angel.co/morpheus-medical.
26.Sarah Rich, “U.S. CTO Todd Park: 3 Ingredients for a Private-Sector Mentality in Government,” Government Technology, October 4, 2012, govtech.com/pcio/US-CTO-Todd-Park-3-Ingredients-for-a-Private-Sector-Mentality-in-Government-.html.
27.“White House Launches Presidential Innovation Fellows Pro
gram,” WhiteHouse.gov, August 23, 2012, whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/08/23/white-house-launches-presidential-innovation-fellows-program.
28.“The Presidential Innovation Fellows,” WhiteHouse.gov, whitehouse.gov/innovationfellows.
29.Supplemental information on RPF-EZ was derived from the following sources: “The Presidential Innovation Fellows: RFP-EZ and Innovative Contracting Tools,” WhiteHouse.gov, whitehouse.gov/innovationfellows/rfp-ez; Clay Johnson, “Let’s Make a Deal,” RFP-EZ Marketplace, January 17, 2013, presidential-innovation-fellows.github.com/rfpez-blog.
30.Karen G. Mills and Todd Park, “RFP-EZ Delivers Savings for Taxpayers, New Opportunities for Small Business,” WhiteHouse.gov, May 15, 2013, whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/05/15/rfp-ez-delivers-savings-taxpayers-new-opportunities-small-business.
31.“Deliver Innovative Technology Without Breaking the Bank,” Department of Better Tech, dobt.co/screendoor.
Matt Bevilacqua, “ ‘Department of Better Technology’ Wants to Streamline the Open Government Process,” Next City, April 17, 2013, nextcity.org/daily/entry/department-of-better-technology-wants-to-streamline-the-open-government-pro.
32.Adam Mazmanian, “Pahlka Named Deputy Federal CTO,” FCW Insider, May 30, 2013, fcw.com/blogs/fcw-insider/2013/05/pahlka-deputy-cto.aspx.
33.Vivek Kundra, “Tight Budget? Look to the ‘Cloud,’” New York Times, August 30, 2011, nytimes.com/2011/08/31/opinion/tight-budget-look-to-the-cloud.html?_r=0.
34.“Code for America PSA: ‘What If,’” Vimeo.com, July 15, 2010, vimeo.com/13377489.
35.“Honolulu Answers,” hnlanswers.herokuapp.com. “Code for America 2012 Fellowship Projects: Demo Webinar Part II,” Vimeo.com, October 10, 2012, vimeo.com/51157861.
Innovative State Page 29