International Academy of Astronautics (IAA). 2013 IAA Planetary Defense Conference White Paper. Flagstaff, AZ: IAA, April 2013.
Johnson, Maj. Lindley N. Preparing for Planetary Defense: Detection and Interception of Asteroids on Collision Course with Earth. White paper in Spacecast 2020. Washington, DC: Air University, US Air Force, 1993.
NASA Advisory Council, Final Report of the Ad-Hoc Task Force on Planetary Defense. October 6–7, 2010.
Near-Earth Object Science Definition Team. Study to Determine the Feasibility of Extending the Search for Near-Earth Objects to Smaller Limiting Diameters: Report of the Near-Earth Object Science Definition Team. Washington, DC: NASA, August 22, 2003.
McAndrew, James. The Roswell Report: Case Closed. Washington, DC: US Air Force, US Government Printing Office, 1997.
Schweickart, Russell L., Thomas D. Jones, Frans von der Dunk, and Sergio Camacho-Lara. Asteroid Threats: A Call for Global Response. Edited by Jessica Tok. Association of Space Explorers International Panel on Asteroid Threat Mitigation, September 25, 2008.
Spaceguard Survey Report. Asteroid and Comet Impact Hazards. Washington, DC: NASA, 1992.
SCHOLARLY AND OTHER PAPERS AND PRESENTATIONS
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). “Dealing with the Threat of an Asteroid Striking the Earth.” Position paper, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, April 1990.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). “Protecting Earth from Asteroids and Comets, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics: An AIAA Position Paper.” Position paper, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, October 2004.
Launius, Roger D. “Why Go to the Moon? The Many Faces of Lunar Policy.” Article presented at the American Astronautical Society meeting, Greenbelt, MD, March 17, 2004.
Schweickart, Russell L. “A Call to (Considered) Action.” Presentation at the National Space Society International Space Development Conference, Washington, DC, May 20, 2005.
Space Systems Technical Committee and Systems Engineering Technical Committee. “Responding to the Potential Threat of a Near-Earth-Object Impact: An AIAA Position Paper.” Position paper, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, September 1995.
Tagliaferri, Edward. “The History of AIAA's Interest in Planetary Defense.” AIAA paper 96-4381, AIAA Meeting Papers on Disc, September 1996.
The Threat of Impact by Near-Earth Asteroids, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics of the Committee on Science. 105th Cong. (May 21, 1998). Statement of Clark R. Chapman, Southwest Research Institute.
FILM
Asteroids: Deadly Impact. Directed by Eitan Weinreich. Washington, DC: National Geographic Video, 2003. DVD, 60 min.
1620 Geographos (asteroid), 82
253 Mathilde (asteroid), 73
2001: A Space Odyssey (film), 94, 95
2012 DA14 (asteroid), 20
433 Eros (asteroid), 57, 72, 73, 81
99942 Apophis (asteroid). See Apophis asteroid
Aberdeen Proving Ground, 149
Acraman crater, 68
Across the Space Frontier (Ryan), 152
Action Team on Near-Earth Objects (Action Team 14), 133, 181
Aerospace Corporation, 81
A Fire in the Sky (film), 118
Agnew, Spiro, 168
Ailor, William, 81
Aldrin, Buzz, 164, 167, 171, 217, 230
ALH 84001 meteorite fragment, 69
Alvarez, Luis, 49, 98–99, 103
Alvarez, Walter, 48–50, 98–99, 111
Alvarez group, 75, 84, 98, 182
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 84, 85, 199–205
American Interplanetary Society, 84, 200
American Museum of Natural History, 68–69
American Rocket Society, 84, 200
Ames Research Center, 52, 171, 201
antiballistic missile (ABM) System, 198
antiballistic missiles (ABMs) for planetary defense, 198
Apollo Asteroid 1989FC, 200
Apollo program, 127, 167, 168, 175
Apollo 9 mission, 136
Apollo 10 mission, 225
Apollo 11 mission, 165, 167–68
command module, 164
Apollo 12 mission, 168
Apollo 17 crew, 86, 234
Apophis asteroid, 22–23, 58, 87–88, 136, 140, 146, 194
Applewhite, Marshall, 66
Arentz, Robert F., 50, 89, 238
Aristotle, 61
Armageddon (film), 65, 112–16, 118, 135
Armstrong, Neil, 164, 167, 171, 230
Around the Moon (Verne), 219
Arsenault, Cynda Collins, 143
Arsenault, Marcel, 143
Asaro, Frank, 49
Asimov, Isaac, on the Apollo Program, 166–67
Association of Space Explorers, 179, 181
Asteroid (film), 119
Asteroid: Earth Destroyer or New Frontier? (Barnes-Svarney), 65
Asteroid Belt. See Main (or Asteroid) Belt
asteroid-defense system, 211–12
Asteroid Deflection Research Center, 206
Asteroid Grand Challenge, 207
Asteroids: Deadly Impact (film), 39, 71
“Asteroid Structure, Trajectory, and Exploratory Reconnaissance Mission” (ASTER), 146
Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS). See ATLAS project
Asteroid Threats: A Call for Global Response (report), 180
Atlantis shuttle orbiter, 112, 237
ATLAS project, 189–91
Baikonur Cosmodrome, 199
Bainbridge, William Sims, 231
Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., 89, 137, 188
Balmer, Edwin, 109
Baltimore Sun, 158
Barnes, John, 217
Barnes-Svarney, Patricia, 65
Barringer, Daniel M., 108–109
Barringer Crater, 108–109
Basilevsky, Alexander, 76
Basinger, Jeanine, 115
Baxter, Stephen, 135
Bay, Michael, 65, 115–16
Bay of Pigs, 161
Bean, Alan L., 168, 169
Benediktov, Kirill, 144–45
Bennett, Adm. Rawson, 156
Big Splat, The (Mackenzie), 68
Binzel, Richard P., 53, 208
Bisei Spaceguard Center, 83
Bissell, Tom, 21–22
Bobrowsky, Peter T., 65
Boehm, Sidney, 110
Bonestell, Chesley, 152
Bong Wie, 206
Bopp, Thomas, 66
Borchininova, Alyona V., 18
Boslough, Mark B. E., 80, 147
Brazil, explosion over, 70, 124
“Brick Moon, The” (Hale), 221
Briyukova, Larisa V., 27, 29
Broad, William J., 42
Brown, Rep. George E., 54, 204–205
Bruckheimer, Jerry, 65, 115
B612 Foundation, 98, 103, 136–37, 173, 187, 201, 208
Buck Rogers, 152
Bykovsky, Valery, 160
Caldwell-Moore, Alfred, 139
California Academy of Sciences, 187
California Institute of Technology, 227
California Polytechnic State University, 215
California Science Center, 237
Camacho, Sergio, 181
Canada, explosion over, 70
Canavan, Gregory, 81, 82
Carpenter, Scott, 160
Carril, Luis Fernandez, 126
Carusi, Andrea, 201
Castro, Fidel, 161
Catalina Sky Survey, 140, 146, 185–86
Catledge, C. Turner, 156
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 157
Cernan, Gene, 217
Chaffee, Roger, 168
Challenger shuttle orbiter, 160
Chang'e missions, 196–97
Chapman, Clark R., 55, 57, 64, 76, 80, 81, 136, 13
7, 138, 142, 178–79, 187, 201, 208
Charania, A. C., 135, 215
CHECMATE (Compact High Energy Capacitor Module Advanced Technology Experiment), 213–14
Chelyabinsk, Russia, 13–33, 69, 78, 181
damage, 19, 135
meteor explosion over, 16–20, 67, 123, 133, 134, 141, 145, 197, 225
souvenir sales, 27–30
Cheng, Andrew F., 73
Cherkova, Anzhelika, 29
Chernobyl nuclear power plant, 13–14
Chicora, Pennsylvania, explosion over, 72, 124
Chicxulub crater impact site, 37–38, 48–50, 74, 75, 98, 103, 123, 126, 132, 181
China National Space Administration, 196
Chinese astronomers, 62
Chinese Moon program, 128, 197
Citadel planetary defense program, 199
Clarke, Arthur C., 54, 58, 82, 93, 94, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 138, 182, 221–24, 226–27
Clementine II space mission, 82, 99, 100
Cleveland Plain-Dealer, 97
Collier's magazine series, 152, 153, 232
Collins, Michael, 164, 167, 171, 230
“Colonization of Space, The” (O’Neill), 227
Columbia shuttle orbiter, 225
Comet, Revised (Sagan and Druyan), 65
Comet/Asteroid Impact Hazards, The (Gold), 57
Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society (Bobrowsky and Rickman), 65
Comet C/2012 S1 (a.k.a. Comet ISON), 66
Comet Hale-Bopp, 66
Comet ISON (a.k.a. Comet C/2012 S1), 66
comets, 33–35, 62, 64, 229
Comets (Yeomans), 25
Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, 133, 144, 181, 206
Compact High Energy Capacitor Module Advanced Technology Experiment (CHECMATE), 213–14
Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization, 17
Congress (US), 86, 105, 137, 146, 205, 207, 213
Conquest of the Moon (Collier's article turned book), 152
Conrad, Charles P., 168
control of space, 152–53
Copernicus, 45, 62
Cosmic Catastrophes (Chapman and Morrison), 137
Cosmos (book: Sagan; TV series), 65
Curiosity Mars mission, 128
d'Alviano, Father Fedele, 70
Darwin, Charles, 36, 42, 93
Darwin, George, 42
Decision to Go to the Moon, The (Logsdon), 163
Deep Impact (film), 111, 115, 118, 135, 137, 138
Deep Space Network (DSN), 21, 171
Defending Planet Earth (report), 88–89, 147–48, 205
Defense Support Program 647 satellite, 124
Department of Energy, 178
Department of Planetary Defense (DPD), 172, 173, 205, 238
Deputatskoye, Russia, 27
DE-STAR (Directed Energy Solar Targeting of Asteroids) project, 215
“Diogenes A” study, 179
Discovery program, 72
Diseases from Space (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe), 24, 35
Disney, Walt, 30, 46, 116, 141
Disneyland, Tomorrowland theme park, 150
Disturbing the Universe (Dyson), 231
DLR (German space agency), 211, 212
Don Quijote mission, 58
Doomsday, 91, 92, 107, 110, 123
Doomsday Rock (film), 119
Dragon spacecraft, 188
Drolshagen, Gerhard, 195
Druyan, Ann, 65
Duke, Charles, 225
Durda, Daniel D., 55, 57
Duvall, Robert, 111
Dyson, Freeman, 177, 231, 232
Eagle Moon lander, 224
Earth and Environmental Science Program, NYU, 80
Eastern Mediterranean meteor event, 59, 70, 78–79, 134
Economist (magazine), 134
Einstein, Albert, 45
Encounter with Tiber (Aldrin and Barnes), 217
Endeavour shuttle orbiter, 237
European Space Agency (ESA), 58, 103, 193, 194, 201
European Space Research Institute, 194
Exploration of Mars, The (Collier's article turned book), 152
Exploration of Space, The (Clarke), 107, 222
Explorers Club, 132
Falcon 9 rocket, 188
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 199
Federation of American Scientists, 84, 214
Feynman, Richard, 177, 227
Fire in the Sky, A (film), 118
First Annual Symposium on Space Travel, 149, 151
Fisher, Osmond, 43
Flash Gordon, 152
Forever Young (Young), 225
Fort Bliss, 149
Frenn, Darya, 17
Friedman, Louis, 76
From the Earth to the Moon (Verne), 219
Gagarin, Yuri, 15, 157, 158, 159, 160, 199
Galileo, 63
Galileo spacecraft, 170
Gehrels, Tom, 76, 80, 184
Giertz, Bo (bishop), 101–102
Giorgini, Jon D., 64, 146
Glenn, John, 160
Glenn Research Center, 171
Glushko, Valentin, 158
Goals in Space (Bainbridge), 231–32
Goddard, Robert H., 167
Goddard Space Flight Center, 147
Gold, Robert E., 55, 57
Gorbachev, Mikhail S., 117
Gordon, Richard F., 168
Great Library at Alexandria, 218
Greenland, explosion over, 72, 124
Grissom, Gus, 160, 168
Gulag Archipelago, The (Solzhenitsyn), 154
Haber, Heinz, 151
Haberman, Clyde, 22
Haggerty, Bruce M., 80
Hale, Alan, 66
Hale, Edward Everett, 221
Hale, George Ellery, 44
Halley, Edmond, 63–64
Halley's Comet, 64, 99, 145
Hammer of God, The (Clarke), 98, 99, 101, 103, 106, 125
Harris, Alan, 212
Hartley 2 comet, 195
Harvard College Observatory, 141, 189
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 76
Hawking, Stephen, 177
Hayabusa spacecraft, 196
Hayden Planetarium, 149, 153
Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids (Gehrels), 215
Heaven's Gate cult, 66
Heinlein, Robert A., 94, 128
Henson, Carolyn, 230
Henson, Keith, 230
High Frontier, The (O’Neill), 228
Hoba meteorite, 68
Homer, 92, 93
House Committee on Science and Technology, 182
Hoyle, Fred, 24, 34
Hurricane Hunters (of the US Air Force), 176
Hurricane Katrina, 36
Hut, Piet, 56, 187
Iliad, 92, 119
Impact (TV series), 120
Impact Disaster Planning Advisory Group (IDPAG), 134, 181
Indian Ocean, explosion over, 70
Indonesia, explosion over, 70
Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 145
International Academy of Astronautics (IAA), 206
International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), 31, 181
International Astronomical Union (IAU), 23, 82, 100
International Conference on Near-Earth Objects, 53, 79, 132. See also United Nations (UN), International Conference on Near-Earth Objects, April 1995
International Geophysical Year (IGY), 156, 167
International NEO Detection Workshop, 83, 177
international planetary-defense program, 80, 175–216
International Space Station (ISS), 127, 151, 221
Intrepid Sea, Air and Space Museum, 237
Italy, explosion over, 70
Itokawa asteroid, 196
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 196
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 21, 64–65, 95, 128, 136, 141, 145, 171, 186, 206, 233, 237
Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory, 72, 73
Johnson, Lindley N., 87, 129, 192–93, 201, 208
Johnson, Samuel, 72
Johnson Space Center, 171
Jones, Thomas D., 208, 224
Jupiter, 131
Kaplan, Joseph, 152
Kaupa, Lt. Douglas, 131
Keldysh, Mstislav, 158
Keller, Gerta, 75, 80, 132
Kennedy, John F., 158, 161, 164, 224
“We choose to go to the Moon” speech, 162–63
Kennedy Space Center, 171, 237
Kepler, Johannes, 63
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 14, 158–59
Knapp, Michelle, 71, 78
Korolev, Sergei P., 158, 159, 161
Kotov, Oleg, 14
K-T event, 75, 132
Kubrick, Stanley, 94
Kuiper Belt, 185
Kuznetsov, Denis, 18
Lake Chebarkul, 29
Lake Huron, explosion over, 72, 124
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 178
Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 125
Leonov, Aleksei, 160
Levy, David H., 40–42
Lewis, John, 81, 82
Ley, Willy, 151
L5 Society, 230, 231
Lifecloud: The Origin of Life in the Universe (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe), 34
Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) program, 140, 186
Little Prince, The (Saint-Exupéry), 193
Logsdon, John M., 163–64, 201
Los Alamos National Laboratory, 81
Los Angeles Times, 28
Lovell, Bernard, on the Apollo program, 166
Lowell, Percival, 183
Lowell Observatory, 44, 183
Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search (LONEOS), 184
Lu, Ed, 56, 136, 173, 187, 201
Lucifer's Hammer (Niven and Pournelle), 95, 96, 106
Lukaszczyk, Agnieszka, 135
lunar base, 169. See also Moon, base
Magellan mission, 170
Main (or Asteroid) Belt, 23, 67, 69
Manicouagan crater, 68, 131
Manning, Gordon, 151
“Man Will Conquer Space Soon” (Collier's magazine series), 162
Mariner missions, 170
Mars, 37, 46
colony, 222
expedition to, 127–28
Mars as the Abode of Life (Lowell), 183
Marsden, Brian, 76, 80
Marshall Islands fireball, 124
Marshall Space Flight Center, 171
Maslin, Janet, 112, 114
Mayak accident, 13–14, 30
McCarthy, Todd, 115
McDevitt, Jack, 120
McMillan, Robert S., 184, 216
McNamara, Robert S., 206
Mead, Margaret, on the Apollo program, 166
Medvedev, Dmitry, 23, 199
Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics, 159
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