Feral
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rowan 75, 76, 100, 147, 150, 212, 213, 215
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 249, 251, 252
Rudbaxton 51
Rum 131
Russell, Bertrand 204 and n
Russia 109, 110, 113
Rylance, Mark 47
sabretooth cat (Smilodon populator) 137
sabretooth salmon (Oncorhynchus rastrosus) 138
saiga antelope 126
salamanders 196
Salisbury Plain 133
sallow 49, 75, 77, 213, 215
salmon 36, 80, 82, 86, 233–4, 250, 255–6
—huchen 190
sardine 242
Sax, Boria 203
scallop fishing/dredging 237, 253–5
Scania herring 245
scarlet pimpernel 144
Schama, Simon: Landscape and Memory 199, 208
Science 88, 235
scimitar cats 91
Scots pine 77, 123, 146, 150 see also pine
Scotsman 56
Scottish Gamekeepers’ Association 101–2
Scottish Highlands 98–106, 116–18, 120, 121–4, 146–52
—Clearances 99, 101, 152, 155
Scottish Natural Heritage 79, 80
sea
—ecosystems of the 232–4, 235–43
—fishing see fishing
—iron content 236
—kayaking at 14–18, 19–20, 241, 257–63, 268–9
—marine reserves 249, 250–53
—megafauna 247 see also specific species
—oxygen depletion 240, 241, 242
—a peaceful place at 16
—red tides 240
—rewilding the 248–55, 256–7
—trophic cascades in the 235–42
sea eagle, white-tailed 102–3, 131, 146, 217
sea otter 239
sea trout 234
sea urchin 239
Seafish (Sea Fish Industry Authority) 246
seals 38, 236, 239
—Caribbean monk seal 248
seamount trawling 248, 250
Severn, River 160, 165
—estuary 34
shad 233, 234
sharks 232, 234, 237, 248
shearwater 16
sheep 70, 73, 115, 120, 154–60, 164, 165n, 171–2, 173, 174, 177, 178, 179, 194–5, 210–11, 212, 214, 219, 221, 223
—wild snow sheep 141
sheep dip 158
shepherd’s purse 144
Shifting Baseline Syndrome 69, 92, 142, 243, 244
short-eared owl 221n
short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) 137
shrimps 28, 30, 237
shrub oxen 137
Siberia 141–2
Siberian tiger 141
signal crayfish 142, 146
sika deer 120
silver fir 188, 191, 192
Sitka spruce 63, 64, 99, 176, 178, 212, 213
Skeptic, The 57
Skomer Island 251–52
skylark 216
Slots pine 76–7
Slovakia 227
Slovenia 110, 115, 186–96
Smilodon populator (sabretooth cat) 137
Smith, Felisa 199
snow leopard 53
Soča, River 190, 195–6
Soča valley 186, 187, 188–90, 194–6
soil depletion 10, 66, 67, 68–9, 76, 77, 85
—eutrophication 240
—of nitrogen 85, 164n
—of phosphate 86
Soldier’s Hole, Somerset 126
Somerset Levels 133
Songlines, The (Chatwin) 58n
Spain 107, 108, 110, 112, 114, 139
Speight, Martin 222
sperm whale 232, 236–7
spider crab 228, 229–30, 231–32
spoonbill 134, 226
spruce 24, 63, 64, 86, 99, 176, 178, 212, 213
squirrel
—grey 145, 146
—red 106, 111
Steller’s sea cow 248
steppes 86–7, 90, 92n, 110, 135, 136 and n, 141 and n, 224
stork, white 134
Stritih, Jernej 194–6
sturgeon 233, 234
—European 130
subsidies
—agricultural see farm subsidies fishing 246
sudden oak death fungus 143
Sutherland 102, 116, 217
—Alladale Estate 124, 126
Sweden 82, 109, 115, 161
sweet chestnut 91
Switzerland 110, 120
swordfish 247
sycamore 91
Sydenham Panther 56
Sydney zoo 205
Tanzania 201
Tassell, Ritchie 23–4, 70–77, 225
technology 7, 10, 59–60
Teifi, River 81
Teutoburger Wald 199
Thames, River 198
Thompson, E. P. 200
Thorogood, Adam 9, 91n
Thrussell, Mike 233
tiger 139, 204
—Bengal 222
—Siberian 141
tiger shark 237
Tilia cordata 68
tit, crested 151
Tito, Josip Broz 195
Toronkei, a Maasai warrior 40–44
tourism 102, 178–9, 195, 201–2
Trafalgar Square excavation 91
Transylvania 157
tree planting 73, 74, 99, 163, 164, 176, 178
—see also reforestation
tree pollen 38, 66–7, 77, 88, 219n
Trees for Life 96, 98–9, 104–5, 122, 147, 148, 151
trophic cascades 9, 84–6, 88–9, 123, 138n, 139, 221
—in the oceans 235–42
trophic diversity 84, 117
trout 31, 82, 189, 190
—sea 234
tuna 244, 248
—bluefin 232, 233, 246–7, 257
—longfin/albacore 232, 257, 258, 260
tundra 86, 87, 135, 136, 141, 239
turbot 235
turtles 89, 238, 248
UFOs 59–60
Ukraine 112
Uney, Graham 66
universalism 204n
Unnatural History of the Sea, The (Callum) 232, 233, 234, 240
uplands, British 11, 66–9, 70, 73–7, 214, 221, 225–6
—Cambrians see Cambrian Mountains
—Highlands see Scottish Highlands
—hill farming 155–65, 171–8, 180–83
urchin 239
Utopia (More) 155
Van Valkenburgh, Blaire 138n
Vanatori Neamt reserve, Romania 108
Velebit Mountains 107, 108
Vera, Frans 208, 219 and n
Vest, Jay Hansford 10n
vetch, common 144
Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle 193
vultures 89
Wales on Sunday 50
walking catfish 142
walrus 129
water buffalo 219n
water vole 105
weevers 19–20, 241
Welsh Triads 51
whales 129, 232, 235–7, 239, 257
whaling 170, 235, 237
wheatear 216
white-tailed sea eagle 102–3, 131, 146, 217
white campion 144
white stork 134
wild boar see boar
Wild Europe 109
wild horse 125
wildcats 69, 108
Wildlife Trusts 82–3
William I 200
willow 38, 66, 82, 84, 86, 91
willow warbler 105
Winter, Steve 53
Wiseman, Richard: Paranormality 58
wisent (European bison) 108, 110–12, 126
wolf 35, 69, 108, 112, 113, 114, 117–18, 126, 138n, 141, 195
—hunting 115–16
—and livestock 114–15
—reintroduction 84–6, 106, 109–10, 112–18, 126, 177, 179–80
Wolf’s Castle (Casblaidd) 49
wolverine 127, 141
wood ant 1
04, 106, 151
woodland
—British 62–3, 65, 66–8, 146–52
—coppicing 91–2, 222
—‘damage’ concerns of authorities 96
—dead wood/trees 83, 111, 151, 192, 222, 225
—deforestation see deforestation
—forest law 200–201
—monocultures in 95
—play in 169, 170
—rainforests 8, 67–8, 69, 88, 147
—reforestation see reforestation
—Wald and Volk in Nazi ideology 200
woodpeckers 151
woolly mammoth 90, 92n, 128, 142
woolly rhinoceros 90, 92n, 128
World Parks Congress 248
worms, intestinal 89
wormwood 144
Wrangel Island 90
WWF 109
wych elm 105
Wye, River 82, 159–60, 165
Wyoming 81–2
Yakutian horse 141
Yalden, Derek 127, 131, 145
Yanomami people 3, 4–5
yellow flag iris 162
Yellowstone National Park 84–6, 202
yew 92, 143
Younger Dryas 199
Yugoslavia 193–4
Zé, a serial killer 2
Zimov, Sergey 87, 136n, 141 and n
Zion National Park, Utah 85
zoos 108, 110, 137, 204–5