Kepler's Witch
Page 41
1614
Brother Heinrich returns to Leonberg.
1615–16
Six witches are executed in the jurisdiction of Leonberg.
1615
Nova Stereometria Doliorum Vinariorum published in Linz, first book ever published there.
1617
First volume of the Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae published in Linz.
1618
On May 23, the Second Defenestration of Prague and the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War.
1619
Battle of White Mountain and the flight of Friedrich V, the Winter King.
Harmonice Mundi, Book V, published in Linz.
Death of Emperor Matthias; five months later Ferdinand II ascends to the throne.
1620
Second volume of Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae published in Linz.
1602–21
Kepler assists his mother, who is released after fourteen months of imprisonment on the charge of witchcraft.
1621
Third and final volume of Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae published in Frankfurt.
1626
Under pressure from the Counter-Reformation, Kepler and his family leave Linz.
1626–27
The Rudolphine Tables are printed in Ulm.
1626
Kepler declines to convert to Catholicism.
Wallenstein offer his patronage and Kepler moves to Sagan; four months later the Counter-Reformation begins in Sagan.
1630
Death of Johannes Kepler in Regensburg on November 15.
1633
Galileo Galilei is tried by the Inquisition in Rome.
1647–50
Peace conference in Westphalia, slow end to the Thirty Years’ War.
Source Readings
COLLECTED WORKS OF PRIMARY SOURCES
Caspar, Max, and Walther von Dyck, Franz Hammer, and Volker Bialas, eds. Johannes Kepler Gesammelte Werke. 22 vols. Munich: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinshaft and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 1937–.
Dreyer, John Lewis E., ed. Tychonis Brahe Dani Opera Omnia. 15 vols. Copenhagen: Libraria Gyldendaliana, 1913–29.
Frisch, Christian. Joannis Kepleris Astronomi Opera Omnia. Frankfurt and Erlangen, 1858–71.
INDIVIDUAL WORKS
Baroja, Julio Caro. The World of the Witches. Translated from the Spanish by Nigel Glendinning. London: Phoenix, 1964.
Baumgardt, Carola. Johannes Kepler: Life and Letters. London: Gollancz, 1952.
Behringer, Wolfgang. Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria: Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe. Translated by J. C. Grayson and David Lederer. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997.
Brauner, Sigrid. Fearless Wives and Frightened Shrews: The Construction of the Witch in Early Modern Germany. Edited by Robert H. Brown. Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press, 1995.
Briggs, Robin. Witches and Neighbors: The Social and Cultural Context of European Witchcraft. New York: Penguin, 1996.
Burke-Gaffney, S.J., Michael Walter. Kepler and the Jesuits. Milwaukee: Bruce, 1944.
Caspar, Max. Johannes Kepler. Stuttgart: GNT-Verlag, 1995.
———. Kepler. Translated by C. Doris Hellman. New York: Dover, 1993.
———, and Walther von Dyck. Johannes Kepler in seinen Briefen. 2 vols. München: A. Oldenbourg, 1930.
Copernicus, Nicolaus. On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. Translated by Charles Glenn Wallis. Great Minds Series. Amherst, MA: Prometheus, 1995.
Couliano, Ioan P. Eros and Magic in the Renaissance. Translated by Margaret Cook. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987.
de Bourgoing, Jacqueline. The Calendar: History, Lore, and Legend. Translated by David J. Baker and Dorie B. Baker. New York: Abrams, 2001.
Demetz, Peter. Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City. New York: Hill and Wang, 1997.
Donahue, William H. The Dissolution of the Celestial Spheres, 1595–1650. New York: Arno, 1981.
Dudák, Vladislav. Prague Castle: Hradèany. Translated by Jiøí Trojánek. Prague: Baset, 1998.
Duncan, David Ewing. Calendar: Humanity’s Epic Struggle to Determine a True and Accurate Year. New York: Bard, 1998.
Dunn, Richard S. The Age of Religious Wars: 1559–1715. 2d ed. New York: Norton, 1975.
Einstein, Albert. The World As I See It. Translated by Alan Harris. New York: Kensington, 1984.
Erickson, Carolly. The First Elizabeth. New York: St. Martin’s, 1983.
Ferguson, Kitty. Tycho and Kepler: The Unlikely Partnership That Forever Changed Our Understanding of the Heavens. New York: Walker, 2002.
———. Measuring the Universe: Our Historic Quest to Chart the Horizon of Space and Time. New York: Walker, 1999.
Field, J. V. Kepler’s Geometrical Cosmology. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1988.
———. “A Lutheran Astrologer: Johannes Kepler.” Archive for History of Exact Sciences 31 (1984): 189–272.
Gerlach, Walther, and Martha List. Johannes Kepler. München: R. Piper, 1966.
Gingerich, Owen. The Eye of Heaven: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1993.
Gleick, James. Isaac Newton. New York: Pantheon, 2003.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Faust. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. New York: Doubleday, 1961.
Grafton, Anthony. Cardano’s Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Astrologer. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1999.
Grünter, Doebel. Johannes Kepler: Er veränderte das Weltbild. Graz: Styria, 1983.
Guazzo, Francesco Maria. Compendium Maleficarum: The Montague Summers Edition. Translated by E. A. Ashwin. Reprint. New York: Dover, 1988.
Hausenblasová, Jaroslava, and Michal Stronek. Das Rudolfinische Prag. Prague: Gallery, 1997.
Hollingdale, Stuart. Makers of Mathematics. New York: Penguin, 1989.
Holton, Gerald. “Kepler’s Universe: Its Physics and Metaphysics.” American Journal of Physics 24 (1956): 340–51.
———. Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought: Kepler to Einstein. Rev. ed. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1988.
Janz, Denis R., ed. A Reformation Reader: Primary Texts with Introductions. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1999.
Jardine, Nicholas. The Birth of History and the Philosophy of Science: Kepler’s A Defense of Tycho Against Ursus with Essays on Its Provenance and Significance. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1984.
Kann, Robert A. A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1974.
Kepler, Johannes. Epitome of Copernican Astronomy, Bks. IV and V, & Harmonies of the World, Bk. V. Translated by Charles Glenn Wallis, 1952. Reprint. New York: Prometheus, 1995.
———. The Harmonies of the World. Translated by E. J. Aiton, A. M. Duncan, and J. V. Field. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997.
———. “Selbstcharakteristik.” In Johannes Kepler Selbstzeugnisse. Edited by Franz Hammer. Translated by Esther Hammer. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann, 1971.
———. Kepler’s Conversation with Galileo’s Sidereal Messenger. Translated by Edward Rosen. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1965.
———. Kepler’s Somnium: The Dream or Posthumous Works on Lunar Astronomy. Translated by Edward Rosen. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1967.
———. Mysterium Cosmographicum: The Secret of the Universe. Translated by A. M. Duncan. New York: Abaris Books, 1981.
———. New Astronomy. Translated by William H. Donahue. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.
———. The Six-Cornered Snowflake. Translated by Colin Hardie. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.
———. “Rudolphine Tables: Introduction.” Translated by Owen Gingerich and William Walderman. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 13 (1972): 60–73.
———. Kepler’s Somnium. Translated by Edward Rosen. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1967.
Kerrigan, Michael. The Ins
truments of Torture. London: Lyons Press, 2001.
Koestler, Arthur. The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man’s Changing Vision of the Universe. New York: Macmillan, 1959.
Kors, Alan Charles, and Edward Peters. Witchcraft in Europe, 400–1700: A Documentary History. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.
Koyré, Alexandre. The Astronomical Revolution: Copernicus—Kepler—Borelli. Translated by R. E. W. Maddison. Reprint. New York: Dover, 1992.
Kozamthadam, Job. The Discovery of Kepler’s Laws: The Interaction of Science, Philosophy, and Religion. Notre Dame, IN: Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1994.
Lombardi, Anna Maria. “Johannes Kepler: Einsichten in die Himmlische Harmonie.” Spektrum der Wissenschaft 4 (2000).
Luther, Martin . The Bondage of the Will. Translated by J. I. Packer and O. R. Johnston. Grand Rapids, MI: Fleming H. Revell, 1957.
———. Luther’s Large Catechism: A Contemporary Translation with Study Questions. Translated by F. Samuel Janzow. St. Louis: Concordia, 1978.
———. Martin Luther’s Basic Theological Writings. Edited by Timothy F. Lull. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1989.
Marešová, Soòa, trans. The Prague Golem: Jewish Stories of the Ghetto. Prague: Vitalis, 2002.
Methuen, Charlotte. Kepler’s Tübingen: Stimulus to a Theological Mathematics. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1998.
Midelfort, H. C. Erik. Mad Princes of Renaissance Germany. Charlottesville: Univ. of Virginia Press.
———. Witch Hunting in Southwestern Germany, 1562–1684: The Social and Intellectual Foundations. Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press, 1972.
Parker, Geoffrey, ed. The Thirty Years’ War. 2d ed. London: Routledge, 1984.
Petiška, Eduard, and Jan M. Dolan. Beautiful Stories of Golden Prague. Translated by Norah Hronková. Prague: Martin, 1995.
Polišenský, P. V. History of Czechoslovakia in Outline. Prague: Bohemia International, 1991.
Ptolemy, Claudius. Ptolemy’s Almagest. Translated by G. J. Toomer. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. 1998.
Ripellino, Angelo Maria. Magic Prague. Translated from the Italian by David Newton Marinelli. Edited by Michael Henry Heim. London: Picador, 1995.
Rosen, Edward. Three Imperial Mathematicians: Kepler Trapped Between Tycho Brahe and Ursus. New York: Abaris Books, 1986.
Schmidt, Justus. Johann Kepler: Sein Leben in Bildern und eigenen Berichten. Linz: Rudolf Trauner, 1970.
Stephensen, Bruce. Kepler’s Physical Astronomy. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.
———. The Music of the Heavens: Kepler’s Harmonic Astronomy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1994.
Taub, Liba Chalia. Ptolemy’s Universe. Chicago: Open Court, 1993.
Tester, Jim. A History of Western Astrology. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1987.
Thomas, Keith. Religion and the Decline of Magic. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1971.
Tiner, John Hudson. Johannes Kepler: Giant of Faith and Science. Fenton: Mott, 1977.
Tracy, James D. Europe’s Reformations: 1450–1650. Lanham: Rowman, 1999.
Voelkel, James R. Johannes Kepler and the New Astronomy. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999.
———. The Composition of Kepler’s Astronomia Nova . Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2001.
Wheatcroft, Andrew. The Habsburgs: Embodying Empire. New York: Penguin, 1995.
Wilson, Curtis. “How Did Kepler Discover His First Two Laws?” Scientific American 226 (March 1972): 92–106.
Yates, Frances A. The Rosicrucian Enlightenment. London: Routledge, 1972.
Searchable Terms
Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
Achilles, Friedrich: hunting party of, 236; Katharina Kepler’s arrest and, 265; Luther Einhorn and, 260
Adelberg (Germany), 44–46
Adolphus, Gustavus: attack on Regensburg, 364; invasion of Germany by, 361
ad torturam (capital crime), 298
alchemists: distinction between scientists and, 178; fate of, 180–181; in Prague, 177–178
alchemy: Edward Kelley and, 184; Kepler’s suspicions about, 203
Analytica Posteriora (Aristotle), 57
angels, 182–183
Anhalt-Bernstein, Christian, 312, 314, 315
anima movens (spirit of movement), 94
Anna Marie, Archduchess of Austria: death of father, 162; marriage to King Philip II, 161
Aquinas, Thomas, 44
archpresbyter, 117
area law, 184
Aristotle: Kepler’s study of, 57–58; model of universe, 60, 61–62, 63–65; planetary orbits and, 137, 173–174
art, 111, 171. See also museum (Kunstkammer)
Assyrians, 303
Astonomia Nova (Kepler): Kepler’s work on planetary motions and, 173–177; laws of planetary motion in, 172–173; as modern text, 178
astrologers: as meteorologists, 233; in Prague, 177–178
astrological calendars, 325–326
astrology: astrological calendars of Kepler, 325–326; astronomical clocks, 51–52; horoscope for Heinrich Kepler, 115; Kepler as astrologer in Tübingen, 56–57; Kepler’s advice to rulers, 224–225; Kepler’s beliefs about, 178–180; Kepler’s horoscope, 31–33; Kepler’s predictions in Graz, 79–80; Kepler’s readings for Albert von Wallenstein, 354–358; Kepler’s view of, 42–43; at Lutheran school in Graz, 78; medicine and, 136
astronomers: accounting for appearances, 173; practiced medicine, 179; protectiveness of observational data, 153–154
Astronomiae Pars Optica (Kepler), 172
Astronomia Nova (Kepler): contents of, 185–187; obstructions to publication, 205–207; publication of, 211; quote from, 47
astronomical clock: importance of, 51–52; in Prague’s Old Town Square, 34; at Tübingen, 48
astronomy: Astronomia Nova (Kepler), 185–187; Copernican model of universe and, 124–125; Galileo’s discoveries, 214–222; God and, 40–42, 43, 91–93; harmony and, 332, 333; Kepler and Brahe collaboration, 130–131, 150, 152–154; Kepler and Galileo, 4; Kepler on inclination towards, 47; Kepler on stars, 167; Kepler’s book published, 93–96; Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis, 80–84; Kepler’s preoccupation with, 88–89; models of universe, 59–68; motion of moon, 136–138; planetary orbits, 172–177
Auersperg, Dietrich von, 203
Augsburg Lutheran, 54–55
Augustine, Saint, 246–247, 350
Aulber, Johann Ulrich: capital crime charge and, 298; Katharina Kepler’s sentence and, 302, 304; Katharina Kepler’s trial and, 299; release of Katharina Kepler, 305
aurum potabile (liquid gold), 178, 184
Austria. See also specific cities of: Counter-Reformation in, 333–338; Kepler sent to, 68
autopsy, 177–178
Babylonians, 302, 303
Baden, Margrave Georg Friedrich, 117
baptism: Catholic church and, 350; children baptized in Catholic faith, 127; Kepler and, 351
Bartsch, Jakob: on Kepler, 362; marriage of, 360
Barvitius, 163–164
Battle of White Mountain: described, 311–316; solved Protestant rebellion, 333–334; Thirty Years’ War and, 241
Bede, Venerable, 97
Benatky Castle, 128, 129–133
Bernegger, Johann Matthias: invitation to Kepler, 362; letter from Kepler to, 339; Rudolphine Tables and, 345
Besold, Christian: accusations against Katharina Kepler and, 280–281; work on Katharina Kepler’s case, 301
Besold, Christopher, 67
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 125
Beutelsbacher, Benedict: Katharina’s potions for, 28; testimony of, 20–21
Bible, 37, 40–41
Bidenbach, Dr., 281
Billj, Hildebrand, 362, 364
Binder, Georg: arrest of Katharina Kepler and, 2
91; distance from Katharina, 292; Katharina’s estate and, 267; marriage to Margaretha Kepler, 204
Binder, Margaretha. See also Kepler, Margaretha: letter to Kepler about Katharina’s situation, 7, 9, 326; loyalty to mother, 292; marriage of, 28, 204; protection of Katharina, 300
biographies, Johannes Kepler, 6
birth: of Anna Maria Kepler, 361; of Christoph Kepler, 45
birth of: of Friedrich Kepler, 202; of Johannes Kepler, 23; of Katharina Kepler (daughter of Johannes Kepler), 254; of Ludwig Kepler, 202–203; of Sebald Kepler, 254; of Susanna Kepler (daughter of Johannes Kepler), 116, 202
Bocskay, István, 208, 209
Bohemia, 293–298
Bohemian Brethren: banned, 208; struggle for power in Prague, 157–159
Bohemian Brethren in the Bohemian Confession, 158
Bohemian Estates: choice of Friedrich V for king of Bohemia, 293–298; rebellion of, 333–334; Rudolf II and, 209, 210, 211; Second Defenestration of Prague and, 275–279
Book of Concord, 55
Book of Nature, 88, 91
Bourbon, duke of, 108, 109
Bragadino, Marko, 181
Brahe, Georg, 343–345
Brahe, Tycho: collaboration with Kepler, 152–154; comet of 1577 and, 25, 26, 49–50; death of, 155–156; feud with Ursus and Kepler, 122–125; fight with Kepler, 132–134; house in Prague, 169; illness of, 154–155; as imperial mathematician, 148; invitation to Kepler, 128–129; Kepler as assistant to, 150–151, 152; Kepler’s collaboration with, 129–133; Kepler’s eulogy on death of, 141–142; Kepler’s letter to, 149; meeting with Rudolf II, 163–164; model of universe, 60, 186, 187; motion of moon and, 137; Mysterium Cosmographicum and, 115, 118; portrait of, 144; rights to publish work of, 205–206; Rudolphine Tables and family of, 156–157; Rudolphine Tables, printing of, 343–345; work to secure Kepler’s position, 134–136; wrote horoscopes, 79
Brahe, Tycho, Jr., 343–345
Braunschweig, Christian von, 334, 347
bread and wine, 44. See also Communion