Kepler's Witch
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Brengger, Johan Georg, 167
Brenner, Martin, 138
bride, 74–75
Bruno, Giordano, 167, 214
Bucquoy, Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of, 313, 314
Budova, Václav, 276, 277
Buonarroti, Michelangelo: painting of Sistine Chapel, 111; Paul IV and, 112
Bürgi, Jost, 198
burial, 116
Caesar, Julius, 97
calculus, 323–324
calendar: astrological calendars by Kepler, 325–326; debate over, 97–98
Calvinists: doctrine of Communion, 213; Friedrich V and Elizabeth as, 296; Kepler accused of being Calvinist, 242, 248–249; Kepler and, 44–45; Kepler’s ideas as heresy, 225; Kepler’s refusal to condemn, 58; Lutherans and, 55; sermon against, 39
camera obscura, 138
Canisius, Peter, 158
capital crime (ad torturam), 298
Carolinum university, 158
Caspar, Max, 6
Catherine of Aragon, 111
Catholic church: banishment of Lutherans and, 117–118; on Counter-Reformation path, 112–113; Ferdinand’s Catholicization program, 333–338; Ferdinand’s mission and, 113–114; hope to convert Kepler to Catholicism, 349–354; Johannes Pisorius and, 198–199; Lutheran attack on Rome, 107–112; Lutheran church and, 37–38; obedience to, 242; Protestant faiths banned, 127–128; Protestants forced to convert to Catholicism, 138–140; Weil der Stadt and, 24
Catholicism: hope to convert Kepler to, 119, 322, 349–354; Protestants forced to convert to Catholicism, 138–140, 359
Catholic League: at Battle of White Mountain, 311–316; formation of, 208
Catholics: Battle of White Mountain, 311–316; Counter-Reformation in Prague and, 157–159; Friedrich V as king of Bohemia and, 293–298; Kepler accused of siding with, 248; Second Defenestration of Prague and, 275–279; tensions with Protestants, 207–211
Cawches, Kathleen, 302–303
cemetery, 55–56
Cemetery of St. Peter, 363, 364
charlatans: John Dee and Edward Kelley as, 181–184; in Prague, 180–181
Charles, Archduke of Austria, 77
Charles Bridge, 170, 171
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor: attack on Rome and, 108; Lutherans and, 107; visit to Rome, 111–112
Christianity: astrology and, 44; authority in, 246–247; as cause for war, 335; Kepler’s beliefs, 39–40; split in, 321–322
Christian IV, King of Denmark, 337
circle: harmony and, 331–332; Kepler’s abandonment of, 177; planetary orbits and, 173, 175
City of God (St. Augustine), 350
Clavius, Christoph: calendar and, 97–98; Copernican universe and, 63; friendship with Kepler, 119
Clementinum university, 158
Clement VII, Pope: attack on Rome and, 107–109; death of, 111
clock. See astronomical clock
Code of Hammurabi, 303 “Cognition of Torture” sentence, 302, 304–305
Collegio Romano, 113
Colonna, Cardinal Pompeo, 110
comet of 1577: illustration of, 22; Kepler’s viewing of, 25–26; Tycho Brahe and, 49–50
Communion: Calvinist doctrine of, 44, 58; Kepler and, 213; Kepler denied, 243–251
connaturality, 92
Connor, James A., 1–6, 364
Conversation with the Starry Messenger, Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo (Kepler), 126, 216–218
Copernican universe: Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (Kepler), 323; Galileo and Kepler, 115; illustration of, 168; Kepler takes on position of, 59–68; Tycho Brahe and Nicholas Reimarus Ursus and, 122, 123
Copernicus, Nicholas: Brahe and Kepler and, 124–125; Epitome of Copernican Astronomy (Kepler), 325; fame of, 4; Kepler confirmed, 3; Kepler’s book and, 95; Kepler’s discovery of, 58; Kepler’s public argument for, 71; Kepler takes on Copernican position, 59–68; model of universe and Kepler, 186–187; planetary orbits and, 174, 175; On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, 14, 66
Corraducius, 135
Corvinus, Matthias, 76
Cosimo II, grand duke of Tuscany, 219
cosmology, 59–68
Council of Nicea, 97
Council of Trent, 112
Counter-Reformation: in 1588, 50; banishment of Lutherans, 117–118; Catholic church set on path of, 112–113; Catholic/Protestant tensions, 207–211; Edict of Restitution and, 361; Ferdinand and, 113–114; Ferdinand’s Catholicization program, 333–338; gathers force, 55, 99–100; hope to convert Kepler to Catholicism, 322, 352–353; Kepler’s Counter-Reformation, return to Graz and, 118–121; Kepler’s visit to Graz and, 152; in Linz, 333–338; Lutheran persecution in Graz, 116–117; in Prague, 157–159; Protestant faiths banned, 127–128; Protestants forced to convert to Catholicism, 138–140
Crick, Francis, 92–93
Crucius, Martin: on Kepler, 95; as Kepler’s professor, 56, 58–59
Ctirad, 195
cube, 81
Curtius, Albert, 336, 346, 349–350
Czechs, 171, 172
da Ceri, Renzo, 109
David, 74–75
death: of Barbara Kepler, 190, 226; of Friedrich Kepler, 223; of Johannes Kepler, 363–364; of Katharina Kepler (daughter of Johannes Kepler), 319–320, 328; of Katharina Kepler (mother of Johannes Kepler), 306; of Kepler’s children, 254; Kepler’s thoughts on, 185; of Margareta Regina Kepler, 326; of Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor, 293; of Maximilian II, 161–162; of Regina Ehem, 268, 326; of Rudolf II, 211; of Tycho Brahe, 155–156
debates, 58
Deckers, Johannes, 336
Dee, Arthur, 183
Dee, John: career of, 181–183; at Prague Castle, 165–166; as universalist, 178
delle Bande Nere, Giovanni, 108, 109
denunciations, 55
depositio, 50
depression of Johannes Kepler, 342–343, 348, 362, 363
De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres (Copernicus), 14, 66
Descartes, René, 311
devil, 234
Devin (Women’s Castle), 194–196
Dialogo della musica antica e moderne, A Dialogue on Ancient and Modern Music (Galilei), 326
Dietrichstein, Adam von, 160
Dietrichstein, Ludwig von, 203
Dioptrice (Kepler), 220–221, 222
Dípold of Lobkovic, 277–278
disputations: Kepler’s love of, 58; Kepler’s Somnium, 67–68
Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo, Conversation with the Starry Messenger (Kepler), 126, 216–218
dodecahedron, 81–82
Dohna, Baron Christopher, 297–298
Donauer, Sigmund, 363
Donäuworth (Germany), 207–208
Don Carlos, Prince of Spain, 161
The Dream, or Astronomy of the Moon, Somnium seu Astronomia Lunari (Kepler), 67–68, 360
d’Urbina, Gian, 109–110
Dürer, Albrecht, 288
earth: in Aristotelian universe, 64; in Copernican model, 66–67; gravitational theory of Kepler and, 187; in models of universe, 60–61; planetary orbits and, 174–175
Edict of Restitution, 361 Èernín, Divi[scaron], 277
Ehem, Philip: death of Regina and, 268, 326; estate and, 239
Ehem, Regina. See also Kepler, Regina: death of, 268, 326; money from Barbara Kepler, 239
Einhorn, Luther: ad torturam action by, 298; cases against Katharina, 263–265; fight with Keplers, 267; friendship with Ursula Reinbold, 235–237; Katharina Kepler’s release and, 305–306; Katharina Kepler’s return to Leonberg and, 280–281; letter to duke of Württemberg, 255–257; questioning of Katharina and, 292; summoning of Katharina Kepler, 237–238; suppression of Kepler v. Reinbold, 259–260; testimony given to, 19–20; warning about Katharina, 266
Elizabeth I, Queen of England: flees Prague, 315–316; John Dee and, 181–182, 183; reign of, 49
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 294–298
ellipses: Kepler’s planetary m
otion and, 177; law of, 172–173
emotional breakdown, 162
emperor. See also specific emperor names: Friedrich III and Graz, 76; imperial cities and, 23, 24
enemies, 35–36
Ephemerides (Kepler), 360
epicycles: Kepler’s book and, 84; planetary orbits and, 65, 174
Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae, Epitome of Copernican Astronomy (Kepler), 323, 325
Epitome Astronomiae (Mästlin), 323, 325
Erickson, Johannes, 153
Ernest, brother of Rudolf II: death of, 165; in Spain, 160–161
Ernst of Cologne, 219, 221
eulogy, 141–142
Everhard the Bearded, Count of Württemberg, 51
excommunication, 5, 18, 287–288, 320–322
executioners, 316–319
executions, 316–319
Fabricius, Johannes, 279
Fadinger, Stephen, 337
Faust (Goethe), 53
fear, 288–289
Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria: attack on Rome by, 108; banishment of Lutherans, 102–103, 117–118; beliefs of, 159; exemption of Johannes Kepler, 118, 120; forces Protestants to convert to Catholicism, 138–139; Kepler’s dedication to, 88; Kepler’s essay and, 136, 137; mission of, 113–114; portrait of, 106; Protestant faiths banned by, 127–128, 207
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor: beheading of Johannes Jessenius by, 170; Catholicization program of, 333–338; Edict of Restitution and, 361; execution of Protestants by, 316–319; Kepler’s illness and, 362–363; Kepler’s presentation of Rudolphine Tables to, 345–349; loss of king of Bohemia role, 293; money owed to Kepler, 359; occupation of Linz, 333; Protestants of Bohemia and, 294–298; wish to convert Kepler to Catholicism, 358
Ferdinand III, King of Bohemia, 348, 361
Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia, 275–279
Ferdinand II, prince of Habsburg, 50, 77
Feselius, Philip, 179–180
Feucht, Werner, 292
fever: of Barbara Kepler, 222–223; of Johannes Kepler, 148, 150, 151, 152, 362–363
Fickler, Benigna, 119, 342
Fickler, Johann Baptiste, 119
Fickler, Michael, 119
fire, death by, 302–303
Fischer, Balthasar, 114
Fludd, Robert, 203
Forerunner of the Cosmological Essays, Which Contains the Secret of the Universe (Kepler). See Prodomus Dissertationum Cosmographicarum, Continens Mysterium Cosmographicum, the Forerunner of the Cosmological Essays, Which Contains the Secret of the Universe (Kepler)
Formula of Concord: Kepler and, 212, 213; Kepler’s excommunication and, 287–288; Kepler’s hopes for position at Tübingen and, 225–226; Kepler’s problems with Lutheran church and, 242–251; Kepler’s thoughts about, 242
France, 347
Frankfurt Book Fair, 345
Frederick IV, elector Palatine: flight of, 241; predestination and, 213; Protestants gathered around, 207
Frederick, Sigismun, 88
Friedrich III, Holy Roman Emperor, 76
Friedrich V, King of Bohemia: Battle of White Mountain and, 312–313; defeat of followers of, 336–337; flees Prague, 315–316; in Netherlands, 334; time as king, 293–298
Fromond, Jane, 183
Frühneuhochdeutsh, 6
Frundsberg, Georg von, 108
Fugger, Georg, 218
Gabelkover, Hieronymous, 299–300
Galilei, Galileo: charges of heresy, 15; Collegio Romano and, 113; discoveries of/telescope of, 214–222; Kepler’s defense of, 126; Kepler’s search for job and, 226; mathematics teacher in Pisa, 50; Mysterium Cosmographicum and, 115, 118; mythology of, 3, 4–5; opinion of astrology, 79; tides and, 187; trouble of, 84; view of astrology, 179
Galilei, Vincenzo, 326
gallows, 317
Gasthaus zum Engel (Inn of the Angel), 25
geocentric system, 60, 61–62
geometry: harmony and, 327–328, 329, 331–333; Kepler on, 126; Kepler’s love of, 308; Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis, 80–84; rules universe, 218
Gerlack, Superintendent, 73
Germans, 171–172
Germany. See also specific cities of: as part of Holy Roman Empire, 23–24; witch mania in, 232–235
God: astronomy/astrology and, 43; Kepler’s astronomy and, 82, 83, 91–93; Kepler’s belief in harmony and, 125–127; Kepler’s beliefs about, 350–351; Kepler’s pursuit of, 120; Kepler’s relationship to, 54; Kepler’s search for, 84; Kepler’s work about, 3; models of universe and, 62–63, 66–67, 124; studies and, 40–43; war and, 335
Gödelmann, Johan Georg, 198
godparents, 203
Goethe, 53
Gonzaga, Farrante, 111
gravitation, 186–187
gravity, law of, 94
Graz (Austria): banishment of Lutherans, 117–118; history of, 75–77; Kepler as mathematics teacher in, 71–84; Kepler on move to, 47; Kepler’s exemption/return to, 118–122; Kepler’s visit to, 152–153; Lutheran persecution in, 116–117; position offered to Kepler, 68, 69; Protestant faiths banned, 127–128; Protestants forced to convert to Catholicism in, 138–140; trouble in, 102–103
Great Britain, 49
Greeks, 59
Greene, Robert, 50
Gregorian calendar, 97–98
Gregory, David, 5
Gregory of Tours, Saint, 97
Gregory XIII, Pope, 97, 113
Grienberger, Father, 119
Grüninger, Erasmus, 320–321
Güglingen: Katharina Kepler jailed in, 298–299, 301; Katharina moved to, 292
Güglingen Tower, 292, 298–299, 301
Guillén de San Clemente, 183
Guldenmann, Melchior, 93–94
Guldin, Paul: on conversion, 354; friendship with Kepler, 336; hope to convert Kepler to Catholicism, 350, 352, 353
Gültlinger, Donatus: testimony of, 19–20; Ursula Reinbold and, 236
Güstenhofer, Philip Jakob, 181
Habsburgs: Catholics vs. Protestants and, 207; Friedrich V and, 293–298; Graz and, 76–77; madness amongst, 159–160; Prague and, 172; Second Defenestration of Prague and, 275–279
Hafenreffer, Matthias: cold to Kepler, 213; Kepler’s excommunication and, 287, 288, 321–322; Kepler’s Graz appointment and, 72; Kepler tries to reconcile with, 320; Kepler vs. Zimmerman, 56; taught Scripture, 55
Hall, Asaph, 222
Haller, Frau, 261–264
Haller girl, 261–264, 284
Haller, Jörg: described, 261; Katharina Kepler and, 255–256, 257; Katharina’s estate and, 267
Halley, Edmond, 5
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 135
handwriting, 310
Harmonice Mundi, Harmony of the World (Kepler), 2; excerpt from, 307–308; Kepler begins work on, 125–127; Kepler’s work on harmony in, 326–333; Kepler works on, 320, 322–323
harmonic law, 328–329
harmony: Kepler’s astronomy and, 65; Kepler’s beliefs about, 125–127; Kepler’s search for, 58–59; Kepler’s work on/beliefs about, 326–333
Harmony of the World (Kepler). See Harmonice Mundi, Harmony of the World (Kepler)
Harmony (Ptolemy), 328
Hausen[scaron]ild, Dr., 318
Hayes, Catherine, 302
Heerbrand, Jakob, 55
heliostatic universe, 59–68
Henry VIII, King of England, 111
heresy: Kepler accused of, 288; Protestants works as, 127–128
Herodias, 52
Hettler, Joseph, 203
Hitzler, Daniel: Kepler and Communion, 243–246, 248; Kepler’s excommunication and, 287, 320; Kepler writes to, 336; portrait of, 230; in prison, 333
Hoffmann, Johann Friedrich: Kepler’s stay with, 150; letter to Kepler from, 156; ride to Prague with Kepler, 128–129
Hohenberg, Herwart von: congratulations to Kepler, 156; as godparent, 203; Kepler chronology work and, 125; Kepler’s exemption and, 119; Kepler’s inquiry about work, 136; Kepler’s letter about Luthera
n banishment, 117, 118; letter from Kepler about astronomy, 176; letter from Kepler to, 102–104; loan of Harmony (Ptolemy), 328
Holland, 298
Holy Roman Empire, 23–24
Holywood, John, 97
homosexuals, 112
Horky, Martin, 215
horoscope. See also astrology: for Heinrich Kepler, 115; of Johannes Kepler, 31–33, 35–36
Horst, Gregor, 342
Hospitale de Santo Spirito, 110
human beings, 126
Hungarian spotted fever, 222
Hus, Jan, 157
Hussite Carolinum University, 276
Hussites, 157–159
icosahedron, 81
Ignatius of Loyola, 160
indulgences, 112
infinite cosmos, 60
Inn of the Angel (Gasthaus zum Engel), 25
inquisition, 243
intellectuals, 87–88
Isabel of Spain, 165
Jacob and Rebecca, 37
Jaeger (Kepler’s cousin), 73–74
jailing: of Katharina Kepler, 291–292, 298–299, 301; time for Katharina Kepler, 305
James I, King of England: Friedrich V and, 296; John Dee and, 183
Jaroslave of Martinic, 277–279
Jessenius, Johannes: autopsy performed by, 177–178; execution of, 170, 318–319; friend of Kepler, 198; Kepler and Tycho Brahe and, 132–134
Jesuits: banished from Prague, 294; calendar and, 97–98; Collegio Romano of, 113; founding of, 112; friendship with Kepler, 198, 336, 346; hope to convert Kepler to Catholicism, 139–140, 322, 349–351, 352, 353; Kepler’s exemption and, 119; Lutheran school in Graz and, 77; in Prague, 158; in Sagan, 359
Jesuit schools, 127
Jesus Christ, 44
Jews: attacked in Prague, 210; conversion to Christianity, 171; expelled from Rome, 113; of Prague, 172; Second Defenestration of Prague and, 279
Johannes Kepler Gesammelte Werke (Caspar), 6
Jörger, Helmhard, 240
Juana “the Mad” of Castile, 159, 160
Julian calendar, 97
Julius III, Pope, 112
Jupiter: Galileo’s discovery of moons of, 214; Kepler’s love of geometry and, 308; Kepler’s observation of moons of, 219–220; motions of, 174, 186; orbit of, 80–81
Kabbalah, 166
Karlova Street, 170
Kelley, Edward: arrival in Prague, 181; life of, 182–184; at Prague Castle, 165–166
Kepler, Anna Maria, 361