Kepler's Witch
Page 44
Philip II, King of Spain, 160–161
Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, 346
Philip the Handsome, 160
Phillip III, King of Spain, 297
philosophy: God and, 41; Kepler on inclination towards, 47; Kepler’s position on Copernican universe, 59–68; Kepler’s relationship to, 57–59
Physica (Aristotle), 57
physics, 94
Piazza del Campidoglio, 111
piety, 200–201
pilgrims, 51
Pisorius, Johannes: supervision of Kepler’s work, 206; theological debates with Kepler, 198–199
Pius IV, Pope, 112–113
plague, 204–205
Planck, Johannes: house burned, 338; printer for Kepler, 324
planetary motion: Kepler’s laws of, 172–173; Kepler’s work on, 172–177
planetary orbits: Astronomia Nova and, 185–187; Kepler’s orbit of Mars theory, 130–131, 152; Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis, 80–84; Kepler’s work on, 172–177; motion of moon, 137–138
planets, 64–65. See also specific planets Plato: Kepler and harmony and, 329–330, 331; music and, 126; view of human person, 61
Platonic solids, 81–82
Pliny, 186
Pøemysl: founding of Prague and, 146, 147; women and, 193–195
Polheim, Herr von, 240
polygons, 331–332
polyhedral hypothesis: of Kepler, 80–84; Tycho Brahe and, 123–124
Polyxena of Lobkovic, 279
Ponticus, Heracleides, 60
Prague (Austria, now Czech Republic): astronomical clock in, 34; attack on, 210–211, 223, 224; Catholic army enters, 315–316; charlatans in, 180–181, 183–184; described, 170–172; execution of Protestants in, 316–319; under Ferdinand II’s rule, 347–349; founding of, 145–147; Friedrich V as king of Bohemia and, 293–294, 295–296, 297–298; Kepler as Tycho Brahe’s assistant in, 152; Kepler in, 133–134; Kepler leaves, 239; Kepler’s arrival in, 150–151; Kepler’s residences in, 169–170; Kepler’s travel to, 147–149; Matthias marches on, 209; museum of, 162–163, 164; plague in, 204–205; Protestant/Catholic tensions in, 207; Rudolf II moves court to, 162–163; Second Defenestration of Prague, 274, 275–279; Tycho Brahe’s invitation to Kepler, 128–129
Prague Castle: Catholic army enters Prague, 315–316; Friedrich and Elizabeth in, 296; Johannes Kepler at, 156, 165–166; Matthias moves into, 211; museum at, 162–163
Praha (Threshold), 146–147
preachers: archduke Ferdinand and, 114; Lutheran banishment and, 121
predestination: Calvinists rejection of, 213; Kepler’s doubts about, 45
pricking, 303–304
priests: called to higher standard, 112; killing/torture of, 110
printing press, 359–360
Prodomus Dissertationum Cosmographicarum, Continens Mysterium Cosmographicum, the Forerunner of the Cosmological Essays, Which Contains the Secret of the Universe (Kepler): Kepler’s dedication in, 87–88; publication of, 91–96, 115; search for publisher, 84; Tycho Brahe and, 122, 123–124; Tycho Brahe’s data and, 130; writing of, 83
A Profession of Faith and Defense Against Numerous Unjust Rumors Which Arose Because of It (Kepler), 322
prostitutes, 113
Protestants. See also Lutherans: Battle of White Mountain, 311–316; choice of Friedrich V for king of Bohemia, 293–298; Counter-Reformation and, 113–114; Counter-Reformation in Prague and, 157–159; Edict of Restitution and, 361; execution of, 316–319; Ferdinand’s Catholicization program, 333–338; forced to convert to Catholicism, 138–140; gone from Prague, 349; Lutheran persecution in Graz, 116–117; Lutherans banished from Graz, 117–118; persecution in Sagan, 359; Protestant faiths banned, 127–128; Rudolf II and, 211–212; Second Defenestration of Prague and, 275–279; tensions with Catholics, 207–211
Protestant Union, 312
Ptolemy, Claudius: epicycles and, 174; geocentric system of, 60; Harmony by, 328; Michael Mästlin’s book and, 325; model of universe, 64–65, 175, 186
publishing: Kepler involved in, 324–325; Kepler’s printing press, 359–360
puzzles of Galileo, 221–222
quintessence, 217
R
Ramée, Colonel, 210
rape, 110
Rebstock (student at Tübingen), 57
Reformation: chaos of, 14; Graz and, 76–77; as separate entity, 113
Reformation Commission, 351–352
refraction, 172
Regensburg (Germany): author in, 364; Kepler’s family in, 342; Kepler’s last days in, 362–364
Regius, Johannes, 77, 78
Reinbold, Jakob: accusations against Katharina Kepler and, 237, 281–285; Katharina Kepler’s return to Leonberg and, 280; Katharina’s money and, 300; Katharina’s release and, 305; petition to duke, 266–267; slander trial and, 269; success of, 232
Reinbold, Ursula: accusations against Katharina Kepler, 236–237, 281–285; Benedict Beutelsbacher’s testimony about, 20; character of/trouble with Katharina Kepler, 231–232; Donatus Gültlinger’s testimony about, 19; Haller girl incident and, 262; Katharina Kepler’s return to Leonberg and, 280; Katharina’s release and, 305; Kepler’s mother and, 7–8; Kepler v. Reinbold, 259–260, 290; Luther Einhorn and, 235–236; slander trial and, 269; summoning of Katharina Kepler and, 237–238
religion. See also Catholic church; Counter-Reformation; Lutheran church: Catholic/Lutheran churches, 37–38; Catholic/Protestant tensions, 207–211; as cause for war, 335; in Graz, 76–77; for Kepler at Tübingen, 53–55; Kepler’s beliefs, 39–46; Kepler’s boyhood and, 36–37; Lutheran church/Catholic church, 24; models of universe and, 62–63, 66–67; piety of Barbara Kepler, 200–201; Second Defenestration of Prague, 275–279; ubiquity doctrine, 44; wars of, 116
religious art, 171
Renaissance, 107, 111
Reuttinger, Susanna. See also Kepler, Susanna (wife of Johannes Kepler): Kepler’s courtship of, 228, 229, 252–253; marriage to Johannes Kepler, 251, 254
revolts, peasant, 79–80, 337–338
Richelieu, Cardinal, 337, 361
Roffeni, Giovanni Antonio, 251
Rome (Italy): attack on, 108–111; rebuilding of, 111–113
Rosenkrantz, Friedrich, 135, 163
Rozmberk, Peter Vok Ursinus, 155
Rozmberk, Vilém of, 183
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor: astrology and, 181; Astronomia Nova and, 206–207; charlatans and, 180, 183–184; Counter-Reformation in Prague and, 158–159; death of, 211, 239; death of father, 161–162; as emperor, 162; family of, 159–160; interviews with Judah Löw, 166; John Dee and Edward Kelley and, 183, 184; Kepler as imperial mathematician for, 156; Kepler on, 101; Kepler’s astrological advice to, 224–225; Kepler’s salary and, 197–198; Matthias takes power from, 208–211; Protestants and, 211–212; Rudolphine Tables and, 154–155, 205–206; in Spain, 160–161; Tycho Brahe and, 148, 150–151
Rudolphine Tables (Kepler): Franz Gansneb Tengnagel von Camp and, 130; Kepler not able to work on, 320; Keplers work on, 156; nobility of, 324; presentation to Ferdinand II, 345–349; printer’s house burned, 338; publication of, 342–345; rights to publish work of Tycho Brahe, 205–206; Rudolf II and, 154–155; search for publisher for, 341–342; Tycho Brahe and, 124; Tycho Brahe’s family and, 156–157
Rüff, Johannes, 299
Ruff, Rudolf, 52
Rumpf, Wolfgang von, 160
Sagan, duchy of, 358–361, 362
Santiago de Compostela, 51
Sárka, 195
Saturn: Galileo’s observations of, 221; motions of, 174, 186; orbit of, 80–81; sun in sixth house, 32
Sauer, Jonas, 342–343
Scheiner, Father, 215
Schmid, Stephan, 203
Schützenbastian, Barbara, 289
Scotta, Alessandro, 181
Scultetus, Tobias, 189–190
séance, 182, 183
Second Defenestration of Prague: drawing of, 274; events of, 275–279; Thirty Years’ War and
, 241
seminarians, 53
Senate of Leonberg, 7–10
Senate of Tübingen, 94–95
sermons, 53–54
Shakespeare, William, 50, 135
Siderius Nuncius, The Starry Messenger (Galileo), 215–216
Silesia, 358–361, 362
Sistine Chapel, 111
Sixtus V, Pope, 50
slander trial: disappearance of, 290; Einhorn and, 267, 268–269; stopped by Einhorn, 265; suppression of, 259–260
Slavata, Vilém, 277–279 [Scaron]lik, Count, 318
smallpox, 26–27, 223
Smiøick[yacute], Jan, 276
Society of Jesus. See Jesuits
The Sojourn Against the Starry Messenger, Peregrinatio Contra Nuncium Sydereum (Horky), 215
Somnium seu Astronomia Lunari, The Dream, or Astronomy of the Moon (Kepler), 67–68, 360
Spain: attack on Rome and, 108; Most Fortunate Spanish Armada, 49; Rudolf II in, 160–161
Speidel, Stephan, 90
The Sphere of Sacrobosco (Holywood), 97
spirit, 61–62
spirit of movement (anima movens), 94
spiritual privileges, 112
Stadius, Georg, 71–72
Stahl, Michael, 283, 286–287
Stände, 117–118, 139
Starhemberg, Elizabeth von, 251
Starhemberg, Erasmus von, 240, 250–251
The Starry Messenger, Siderius Nuncius (Galileo), 215–216
stars. See also astrology; astronomy: Galileo’s discoveries and the telescope, 214–222; Kepler’s beliefs about, 167; Kepler’s book on new star, 185
Sternberg, Adam of, 277–278
Stift. See also Tübingen University: denunciations in, 55; education at, 44; students at, 52
Stiftkirche, 53–54
Stiftschule. See Lutheran high school, Graz (Austria)
Stone Bridge, 318, 319
The Story of the Satellites of Jupiter, Narratio de Jovis Satellitibus (Kepler), 220
Stromair, Dr., 354, 355
Stubenvoll, Colonel, 314
Stuttgart consistory: accuse Kepler of heresy, 288; denied petition for Katharina’s arrest, 280; Katharina Kepler and, 266; Kepler and Calvinism and, 259; Kepler’s theology and, 243–248
Stuttgart (Germany): Kepler in school at, 95; Kepler petitions duke in, 212
sun: Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis and, 94–95; in models of universe, 175; in sixth house, 82
Sweden, 347
Talbot, Edward. See Kelley, Edward
Tampach, 344, 345
telescope: Galileo’s discoveries with, 214–218; Johannes Kepler and, 218–221
temper, 46
Tengnagel von Camp, Franz Gansneb: Kepler and, 130; Tycho Brahe’s work and Kepler, 205–206
Tertius Interveniens, das ist Warnung an etliche Theologos, Medicos, und Philosophos, sonderlich D. Philippum F eselium, dass sie bey billicher Verwerffung der Sternguckerischen Aberglauben nicht das Kindt mit dem Badt ausschütten und hiermit ihrer Profession unwissendtzuwider handlen (A Warning to Certain Theologians, Physicians, and Philosophers, Especially D. Philip Feselius, That by Cheaply Condemning the Superstition of the Stargazer, They Not Throw the Baby Out with the Bath, Thus Acting Against Their Own Profession) (Kepler), 179
tetrahedron, 81
theology: Johannes Pisorius and Kepler, 198–199; Kepler’s hypothesis and, 84; Kepler’s letter to theology faculty at Tübingen, 69; models of universe and, 66–67
Thirty Years’ War: Battle of White Mountain, 311–316; beginning of, 166; Edict of Restitution and, 361; end of first phase, 347; execution of Protestants, 316–319; Ferdinand’s Catholicization program and, 333–338; Friedrich V as king of Bohemia and, 293–298; Kepler leaves Linz during, 341; Second Defenestration of Prague and, 275–279
Threshold (Praha), 146–147
Thurn, Count Matthias: at Battle of White Mountain, 312, 314, 315; Second Defenestration of Prague and, 276, 277, 278
tides, 187
Tilly, Jean T’Serclaus, Baron of: Albert von Wallenstein and, 336, 337; at Battle of White Mountain, 313, 314, 315
torture: instruments of, 258; Katharina Kepler and, 304–305; of witches/heretics, 302–304
translations: author on, 6; Kepler’s Astronomia Nova, 47; from Kepler’s eulogy on the death of Tycho Brahe, 141–142; from Kepler’s Harmonice Mundi, 307–308; Kepler’s horoscope, 31–33; from Kepler’s journal, 229, 339; letter from Kepler to Herwart von Hohenberg, 102–104; letter from Kepler to Herzog Johann Friedrich von Württemberg, 271–272; letter from Kepler to Johann Matthias Bernegger, 339; letter from Kepler to Michael Mästlin, 85, 101; letter from Kepler to Senate of Leonberg, 7–10; letter from Kepler to theology faculty at Tübingen, 69; letter from Kepler to Tobias Scultetus, 189–190; letter from Kepler to unknown nobleman, 227–229; letter from Luther Einhorn to duke of Württemberg, 255–257; letters from Kepler to Johann Georg Brengger, 167; testimonies against Katharina Kepler, 19–21
transubstantiation, doctrine of, 44
travel: in Kepler’s day, 73–74; Kepler’s travels, 204–205
Trent, Council of, 112
trial by water, 303
Trinity, 332
truth, 120
Tschernembl, Georg Erasmus von: defense of Kepler, 250–251; defense of Prague and, 315; friendship with Kepler, 240; Kepler and, 79–80
T’Serclaus, Jean. See Tilly, Jean T’Serclaus, Baron of Tübingen (Germany): astronomical clock in, 48; description of, 50–52; law faculty review of Katharina Kepler’s case, 18, 301–302; Senate of, 94–95
Tübingen University: abandonment of Kepler, 147, 148, 149; faculty’s opinion of Kepler, 213; Kepler at, 49–59; Kepler’s book and, 84, 94–95; Kepler’s excommunication and, 287, 288; Kepler’s Graz appointment and, 71–73; Kepler’s letter to theology faculty at, 69; Kepler’s position on Copernican universe, 59–68; Kepler’s registration at, 50; Kepler’s theological ideas and, 225–226, 243–244; Kepler’s years at, 49; letter from Michael Mästlin, 151–152; Ludwig Kepler at, 343; professors accuse Kepler of being Calvinist, 242; rejection of Kepler, 128
Turks, 79, 100
Tychonic system: Kepler and, 154; Kepler’s research and, 205; Tycho Brahe’s creation of, 122–123; Tycho Brahe’s death and, 155
ubiquity doctrine: Formula of Concord and, 247–248; Kepler’s doubts about, 44, 45, 120–121; Kepler’s questions about, 58
Ulm (Germany), 341–343
universe. See also Copernican universe; Tychonic system: Astronomia Nova and, 186–187; Copernican model of, 59–68, 124–125; Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis, 80–84; Tycho Brahe’s model of, 122–123
University of Bologna, 251
University of Rostock, 359
Upper Austria, 333–338
Urban VIII, Pope, 215
Uriah letter, 74–75, 89
Ursus, Nicholas Reimarus: death of, 135; feud with Tycho Brahe, 122–125; Kepler’s refutation of work of, 152; Tycho Brahe replaced, 128
Utraquists: Kepler’s children baptized by, 203; struggle for power in Prague, 157–159; Tycho Brahe buried in Utraquist service, 155
Venus: Galileo’s discovery of phases of, 214, 221; motions of, 174
Vienna, 160
villages, 233–235
vis motoria, 125, 187
Vlasta, 194–195
von Nechern, Grabe, 359
von Taxis, Gerhard, 356, 358
Vy[scaron]ehrad: creation of, 146, 147; women and, 194, 195
Wackher von Wackenfels, Johannes Mathäus: friend of Kepler, 198; Galileo’s discoveries and, 214; as godparent, 203
Wallenstein, Albert von: fighting of, 336–337; Kepler’s astrological readings for, 354–358; patronage of Johannes Kepler, 358–360; portrait of, 340; removal of, 361; success of, 347
Waltter, Max, 291
A Warning to Certain Theologians, Physicians, and Philosophers, Especially D. Philip Feselius, That by Cheaply Condemning the Superstition of the Stargazer, They No
t Throw the Baby Out with the Bath, Thus Acting Against Their Own Profession (Tertius Interveniens, das ist Warnung an etliche Theologos, Medicos, und Philosophos, sonderlich D. Philippum Feselium, dass sie bey billicher Verwerffung der Sternguckerischen Aberglauben nicht das Kindt mit dem Badt ausschütten und hiermit ihrer Profession unwissendtzuwider handlen) (Kepler), 179
wars of religion, 116. See also Thirty Years’ War water, trial by, 303
Watson, James, 92–93
Weickhard, Baron, 203
Weil der Stadt (Germany): as Catholic city, 24; Johannes Kepler born in, 23; scholarship for Kepler from, 52; Sebald Kepler as mayor of, 28–29
Weyhenmayer, Phillip Jacob, 281
wine cask measurement, 323–324
witchcraft: case against Katharina Kepler builds, 260–269; Haller girl case, 261–265; Katharina Kepler accused of witchcraft, 235–238; Katharina Kepler’s return to Leonberg and, 280; Kepler v. Reinbold suppression, 259–260; letter about Katharina Kepler, 7–10, 255–257; letter from Kepler to duke of Württemberg on, 271–272; loss of women’s rights and, 194
witchcraft trial: articles of accusation against Katharina Kepler, 281–290; in Germany in seventeenth century, 232–235; Katharina Kepler’s trial/sentence, 301–305; Katharina’s arrest/imprisonment, 290–292
witches: Prague founded by witch, 145–147; torture of, 302–304; witch mania in Germany, 232–235
Wittelsbach, Maria, archduchess of the House of, 77, 113
Wittelsbach, Maximilian, duke of Bavaria: at Battle of White Mountain, 313, 314; Catholic League and, 208; receives Palatinate land, 297; Wallenstein and, 361
women: conflict with men, 193–196; devil and, 235; Kepler’s search for new wife, 227–229
Württemberg, duke of: Katharina Kepler’s case and, 267; Katharina Kepler’s release and, 305; Katharina’s arrest/jailing and, 290, 292; Katharina’s jail situation and, 299; Kepler’s education under care of, 39; Kepler’s Graz appointment and, 72, 73; Kepler’s search for new position and, 212–213, 225, 226; Kepler v. Reinbold suppression and, 259–260; letter from Kepler to, 271–272; Luther Einhorn’s letter to, 255–257, 264–265; Protestants and, 207
Württemberg (Germany): Edict of Restitution and, 361; Lutherans of, 243; as Lutheran territory, 24; as provincial place, 321
Württemberg, Herzog Johann Friedrich von. See Württemberg, duke of Württemberg, Lutheran church of: Kepler’s excommunication and, 320–322; Kepler’s prophecy about, 325–326; orthodoxy of, 246–247