Kepler's Witch
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Kepler, Barbara: children of, 202–204; complaints about Tycho Brahe, 153; death of, 226; illness/death of, 189–190; illnesses of, 222–223; inheritance of, 121; leaves Graz, 140; life in Prague for, 150; marriage problems with Johannes Kepler, 196–202; money of, 239; move to Prague, 147–149; travel of, 204
Kepler (Caspar), 6
Kepler, Christoph: birth of, 45; distance from witchcraft trial, 292; Haller girl incident and, 263; Katharina in Heumaden and, 266; Katharina’s estate and, 267; as pewterer, 28; protection of family fortune, 300; Ursula Reinbold and, 232, 236
Kepler, Cordula, 254
Kepler, Fridmar, 254, 339
Kepler, Friedrich: birth of, 202; death of, 223, 224; father’s love of, 204; godparents of, 203
Kepler, Heinrich (brother of Johannes Kepler): father attempts to sell, 26; in Prague, 204; problems of, 28; statements against Katharina Kepler, 282, 286
Kepler, Heinrich (father of Johannes Kepler): abandonment of Katharina, 16; absence of, 26–27; Kepler’s boyhood and, 39; Kepler’s education and, 38
Kepler, Heinrich (son of Johannes Kepler), 115–116
Kepler, Hildebert, 254
Kepler, Johannes: accusations against Katharina and, 280–281; accusations/court action against Katharina, 13–18; at Adelberg school, 44–46; Albert von Wallenstein’s patronage of, 358–360; appeal to duke about Katharina, 290; area law formulation, 184; arrival in Prague, 150–151; Astonomia Nova work of, 185–187; astrological readings for Albert von Wallenstein, 354–358; astrology and, 177, 178–180, 181; Astronomia Nova, obstruction to printing, 205–207; Astronomia Nova publication, 211–212; Astronomia Nova quote, 47; astronomy and God, 91–93; attack on Prague and, 210; birth of, 23; birth of Anna Maria Kepler, 360–361; boyhood of, 36–38; calendar debate and, 96–99; children of, 202–204; collaboration with Tycho Brahe, 152–154; Copernican model of universe and, 59–68; Counter-Reformation in Prague and, 158–159; courtship of Barbara Müller, 89–90; death of Barbara Kepler and, 226; death of daughter Katharina Kepler, 319–320; death of Friedrich Kepler and, 223–224; death of Margaret Regina Kepler and, 326; defense of Katharina Kepler, 299–301; enemies of, 35–36; excommunication from Lutheran church, 287–288, 320–322; exemption/return to Graz, 118–122; family of, 24–29; Ferdinand’s mission and, 114; fight with Tycho Brahe, 132–134; Galileo’s discoveries/telescope, 214–222; gossip about Katharina and, 260; handwriting of, 310; Harmonice Mundi, 125–127, 307–308; harmony work of, 326–333; horoscope of, 31–33; house on Leonberg market square, 12; illness of Barbara Kepler, 222–223; illness of/death of, 362–364; as imperial mathematician, 156–157; journal excerpt, 229, 339; Katharina Kepler’s release and, 306; Katharina’s move to Linz and, 265; Katharina’s trial/sentence and, 301–302; Kepler v. Reinbold, 268–269; at Latin school, 38–43; leaves Graz, 140; leaves Prague, 239; in Leonberg for Katharina’s defense, 268–269; letter from Kepler to Johann Matthias Bernegger, 339; letter from Kepler to the Senate of Leonberg, 7–10; letters to Johann Georg Brengger, 167; letter to duke of Württemberg, 268, 271–272; letter to Michael Mästlin, 85; letter to Tobias Scultetus, 189–190; letter to unknown nobleman, 227–229; Lutheran persecution in Graz, 116–117; Lutherans banished from Graz, 117–118, 127–128; marriage/family of, 114–116; marriage of daughter, 360; marriage portrait of, 86; marriage problems with Barbara Kepler, 196–202; marriage to Barbara Müller, 96, 99–100; marriage to Susanna Reuttinger, 254; as mathematics teacher in Graz, 71–84; motion of moon theories of, 136–138; move to Linz, 239–240; Mysterium Cosmographicum dedication, 87–88; Mysterium Cosmographicum publication, 93–96; planetary orbits and, 172–177; Prague Castle and, 165–166; Prague residences of, 169–170; presentation of Rudolphine Tables to Ferdinand II, 345–349; pressure to convert to Catholicism, 349–354; problems with Lutheran church/accusation of heresy, 242–251; Protestants forced to convert to Catholicism, 138–140; publishing of, 324–325; Rudolphine Tables publication, 341–345; search for new position, 212–213, 225–226; search for new wife, 251–253; travels of, 204–205; travel to Güglingen, 292; travel to Prague, 147–149; at Tübingen University, 49–59; Tycho Brahe and Nicholas Reimarus Ursus, 122–125; Tycho Brahe, hopes to secure position with, 134–136; Tycho Brahe’s collaboration with, 129–133; Tycho Brahe’s death and, 155–156; Tycho Brahe’s invitation to, 128–129; war/troubles in Linz and, 333–338; wine cask measurement work by, 323–324; witchcraft and, 259–260
Kepler, Katharina (daughter of Johannes Kepler): birth/death of, 254; death of, 319–320, 328
Kepler, Katharina (grandmother of Johannes Kepler), 25
Kepler, Katharina (mother of Johannes Kepler): accusations against/court action, 13–18; arrest of, 265; arrest of/jailing of, 290–292; articles of accusation against, 281–290; assets of, 266–267; attachment to Leonberg, 242; Benedict Beutelsbacher’s testimony about, 20–21; birth of Johannes Kepler, 23; comet of 1577 and, 25, 26; death of, 306; description of, 27–28; Donatus Gültlinger’s testimony, 19–20; Haller girl case, 261–265; husband’s absence and, 26–27; jailed in Güglingen Tower, 298–301; Kepler receives news of situation, 326; Kepler’s letter to Senate of Leonberg about, 7–10; Kepler v. Reinbold suppression, 259–260; letter from Kepler to duke of Württemberg on, 271–272; letter from Luther Einhorn to duke of Württemberg, 255–257; move to Heumaden, 266; return to Leonberg, 280; summoned by Einhorn, 237–238; torturer and, 15; torture sentence of, 302, 304–305; trial of, 301–302; trouble with Ursula Reinbold, 231–232; Ursula Reinbold’s accusations against, 236–237; visit to Prague, 204; witchcraft accusations and Johannes Kepler, 320
Kepler, Ludwig: birth of, 202–203; godparents of, 203; smallpox of, 223; at Tübingen University, 343
Kepler, Margareta Regina, 254, 326
Kepler, Margaretha, 39, 204
Kepler, Regina: death of, 268; Kepler and, 115; Kepler’s care of, 121–122; move to Prague, 147–149
Kepler, Sebald (grandfather of Johannes Kepler): death of, 93–94; description of, 25; as mayor of Weil der Stadt, 28–29
Kepler, Sebald (son of Johannes Kepler), 254
Kepler, Susanna (daughter of Johannes Kepler): birth/death of, 116, 202; death of, 125; godparents of, 203; marriage to Jakob Bartsch, 360; with Philip Ehem, 326; smallpox of, 223
Kepler, Susanna (wife of Johannes Kepler). See also Reuttinger, Susanna: birth of Anna Maria Kepler, 360–361; marriage to Johannes Kepler, 251, 254
Kepler v. Reinbold: disappearance of, 290; Einhorn and, 267, 268–269; stopped by Einhorn, 265; suppression of, 259–260
Kern, Jakob, 269
Khlesl, Cardinal, 278, 294
kings: executioners and, 316; limited power of, 276–277
Klebling, Dorothea Hanns, 289
Koch, Jacob, 286–287
Koestler, Arthur, 4
Kräutlin, Urban: accusations against Katharina Kepler and, 237, 238; duke’s barber, 232, 235; Katharina Kepler’s arrest and, 265; Kepler v. Reinbold suppression and, 259
Kunstadt (Moravia), 204
Kunstkammer (museum): knowledge as part of, 180; of Rudolf II, 159, 162–163, 164
Lamotte, Colonel, 314
Landesexamen (test), 38–39
Landgrave Georg, 346
Laski, Olbrecht, 182–183
The Last Judgment (Michelangelo), 111, 112
Latin school: Johannes Kepler at, 38–39; Kepler’s graduation from, 44; Kepler’s intellectual personality at, 39–43
latitudes, 176
law of ellipses, 172–173
law of equal areas, 172–173
law of gravity, 94
laws of optics, 220–221
laws of planetary motion, 172–173
lawsuit. See Kepler v. Reinbold
Leibbrandt, Endriss, 261, 262
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 324
Leonberg (Germany): Katharina banned from, 305–306; Katharina Kepler’s attachment to, 242; Katharina Kepler’s return to, 280; Kepler family in, 39–40; picture Leonberg (Germany)
, of, 105; witchcraft accusations against Katharina Kepler, 281–290; witchcraft and, 17
Leonberg, Senate of, 7–10
Leopold, Archduke of Austria, 223, 224
Leopold, bishop of Passau, 210–211
Leo X, Pope, 107
letters: Kepler to Herwart von Hohenberg, 102–104; Kepler to Herzog Johann Friedrich von Württemberg, 271–272; Kepler to Johann Georg Brengger, 167; Kepler to Johann Matthias Bernegger, 339; Kepler to Michael Mästlin, 85, 101; Kepler to Senate of Leonberg, 7–10; Kepler to theology faculty at Tübingen, 69; Kepler to Tobias Scultetus, 189–190; Kepler to unknown nobleman, 227–229; Luther Einhorn to duke of Württemberg, 255–257
library, 164
Libu[scaron]e, 145–147, 193–194
Liechtenstein, Maximilian von, 240
Linz (Austria): Bavarian troops in, 333–334; at Christmas season, 319; Johannes Kepler’s move to, 239–240; Katharina Kepler and, 268; Kepler in, 148; Kepler’s problems with Lutheran church and, 242–251; Kepler’s travel to collect money in, 362; peasant revolt in, 337–338
Linz school: described, 241; Kepler’s troubles with Lutheran church and, 250–251
liquid gold (aurum potabile), 178, 184
List, Martha, 6
Little Ice Age, 233
Lobelius, Johannes, 276
Longberg, Christen Sörensen. See Longomontanus
longitudes, 176
Longomontanus: Kepler and Tycho Brahe and, 129–130; Kepler’s memorandum and, 132; leaves Prague, 152; orbit of Mars and, 131, 176; sent to fetch instruments, 148
Longueval, Charles Bonaventure de. See Bucquoy, Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of
Lorenz, Wolf, 90
Löw, Judah, 166
Ludwig, Father, 139–140
Ludwig, Philip, 203
lunar eclipse, 136–138
Lutheran church: banned, 127–128; Catholic church and, 37–38; Counter-Reformation and, 100; excommunication of Kepler, 5, 18, 287–288, 320–322; for Kepler at Tübingen, 53–56; Kepler’s beliefs, 39–46; Kepler’s boyhood and, 36–37; Kepler’s faith in, 3; Kepler’s family and, 24–25; Kepler’s “heretical” beliefs and, 242–251; Kepler’s new ideas and, 58; Kepler’s prophecy about, 325–326; Lutherans banished, 102–103; pressure for Kepler to convert to Catholicism and, 354; rejection of Kepler, 335–336
Lutheran consistory: Kepler’s prophecy about, 325–326; view of Kepler, 320–322
Lutheran high school, Graz (Austria): banishment of Lutherans, 117–118; Graz history and, 75–77; Kepler as mathematics teacher at, 77–84; Kepler kept on after Lutheran banishment, 121; Kepler’s appointment to, 71–75; Kepler’s request and, 135–136; Kepler’s tenuous position at, 128; Kepler’s wish to work with Tycho Brahe and, 131; letter of reference for Kepler, 139
Lutheranism: Counter-Reformation spirit and, 112; in Graz, 76–77; of Tycho Brahe, 129
Lutherans: attack on Rome, 108–112; banishment from Graz, 117–118, 127–128; at deathbed of Johannes Kepler, 363; Ferdinand’s Catholicization program and, 334; Ferdinand’s mission and, 113–114; forced to convert to Catholicism, 138–140; Kepler and Formula of Accord, 212–213; Kepler’s exemption and, 120; Kepler’s ideas about Calvinists and, 225–226; Kepler’s reputation among, 201–202; persecution in Graz, 116–117; planned execution of, 107; suspicions about Kepler, 120–121; welcoming of Kepler in Graz, 152
Luther, Martin, 246–247
Luther’s Morning Prayer, 54
madness: of Don Carlos, 161; in Habsburg line, 159–160; Prague’s history of, 172
Magini, Giovanni Antonio: death of, 251; Galileo’s telescope and, 215, 217
magnetism, 187
Malleus Malificarum, 235
Mansfield, Ernst von, 334, 347
maps, 80
Margretta (Bastian Meyer’s housewife), 21
Maria of Spain, 159–160, 162
marriage: by Catholic priest, 127; Kepler’s letter about, 85; Kepler’s marriage to Barbara Müller, 85, 99–100, 114–116; Kepler’s marriage to Susanna Reuttinger, 254; of Margaretha Kepler and Georg Binder, 204; marriage portraits of Johannes and Barbara Kepler, 86; problems of Keplers, 196–202
Mars: astrology and, 57; Kepler on, 185–186; Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis and, 81; Kepler’s work on orbit of, 130–131, 152, 177; moons of, 222; motion of, 174, 175–176
Mästlin, Michael: advice about Kepler’s predictions, 57; calendar and, 96–97, 98–99; Copernican universe and, 59–60, 63; Epitome Astronomiae by, 323, 325; Galileo and Kepler and, 218; Kepler and Formula of Concord, 250; Kepler assigned to study with, 56; Kepler’s astronomy and, 91; Kepler’s letter seeking position at Tübingen, 140; Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis and, 82; Kepler’s request for job, 128; letter from Kepler to, 85, 101, 114; letter to Kepler, 118, 151–152; portrait of, 70; publication of Kepler’s book and, 93–94, 95; refusal to work with others, 154; Tübingen University and Kepler, 212, 213; Tycho Brahe and Kepler and, 122–123
mathematics: harmony and, 327–328, 331–333; importance of, 41; John Dee’s interest in, 182; Kepler as imperial mathematician, 156; Kepler as mathematics teacher at Graz, 71–84; Kepler discharged from district mathematician, 139; Kepler’s work on planetary motions and, 177; wine cask measurement, 323–324
Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor: ambitions of, 159; attack on Prague and, 224; death of, 293; described, 165; Kepler as imperial mathematician, 240–241; portrait of, 192; Rudolf II’s fears about, 164; Second Defenestration of Prague and, 275–276, 277, 278; summoning of Kepler to Prague, 267; takes power from Rudolf II, 208–211
Maulbronn, Cistercian abbey at, 44, 50
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor: death of, 161–162; as Renaissance man, 158; Rudolf II’s childhood and, 160
mechanical devices, 163–164
Medician Stars: Galileo’s discovery of, 214; viewing of, 217
Medici, Julian de’: Galileo and, 219; Kepler and Galileo and, 216, 221; Kepler’s need for telescope and, 218
medicine, 135–136
Melanchthon, Philipp: astrology and, 42–43; beliefs of, 41–42; grammar book of, 38
Melvill, James, 25–26
memorandum, 132
men, 193–196
Mercury: motions of, 174; in seventh house, 32
Meteorologica (Aristotle), 57
Milky Way, 214
Minckwicz, Councilor, 155
mind: human mind/God’s mind, 92, 93; Kepler’s beliefs about, 331, 332
money: Barbara Kepler’s complaints about, 153; Katharina Kepler’s trial and, 299, 300; Kepler’s concerns about, 89; Kepler’s relationship to, 32; for Kepler’s self-publishing, 324–325; for marriage to Barbara Müller, 99; for printing Astronomia Nova, 206–207; printing of Rudolphine Tables and, 342–343; problems of Kepler in Prague, 150, 197–198; Rudolphine Tables and, 345
moon: Kepler’s book about, 360; Kepler’s ideas about motion of, 136–138; Kepler’s work on, 125; orbit of, 131; rough body of, 217; tides and, 187
moons, of Jupiter, 214, 219–220
More, Thomas, 353
Most Fortunate Spanish Armada, 49
Müller, Barbara. See also Kepler, Barbara: cancellation of marriage, 96; Kepler’s courtship of, 89–90; marriage/children of, 114–116; marriage portrait of, 86; marriage to Johannes Kepler, 85, 99–100; political situation in Graz, 103
Müller, Jobst: Barbara and Regina and, 121–122; cancellation of marriage, 96; control over Barbara, 199; conversion to Müller, Jobst, Catholicism, 138; death of, 152; Kepler’s courtship of Barbara and, 89, 90
Müller, Marx, 90
Müller, Vitus: Kepler’s dissertation and, 67; Kepler’s moon story and, 360; philosophy professor to Kepler, 58
museum (Kunstkammer): knowledge as part of, 180; of Rudolf II, 159, 162–163, 164
music, 126–127, 330
Mydlár, Jan, 317–319
Mysterium Cosmographicum (Kepler). See Prodomus Dissertationum Cosmographicarum, Continens Mysterium Cosmographicum, the F
orerunner of the Cosmological Essays, Which Contains the Secret of the Universe (Kepler)
Narratio de Jovis Satellitibus, The Story of the Satellites of Jupiter (Kepler), 220
natural law, 40–42
natural philosophers, 177–181
Nestler, Hanns, 286–287
A New Stereometry of Wine Casks, Nova Stereometrica Doliorum Vinariorum (Kepler), 323–325
Newton, Sir Isaac: alchemy and, 203; astrology and, 43; calculus and, 324; failure to credit Kepler, 5; Kepler’s motion of moon theories and, 137; Kepler’s polyhedral hypothesis and, 82; law of gravity, 187; mythology of, 4
New Town (Prague), 169
Nicea, Council of, 97
Nicholas of Cusa: geometrical mysticism of, 58; geometry and, 83; infinite cosmos of, 60
Nova Stereometrica Doliorum Vinariorum, A New Stereometry of Wine Casks (Kepler), 323–325
Nov’ y Svet, 169
numerology, 83
Oberdorfer, Johannes, 89
observational data: astronomers protectiveness of, 153–154; of Tycho Brahe, 130, 205–206
occult: Edward Kelley and John Dee, 181–184; Kepler’s view of, 203
octahedron, 81
odometer, 163–164
Old Town (Prague): emperors and, 171; execution of Protestants in, 317–319; Kepler’s residence in, 170
On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (Copernicus), 14, 66
optics: of Galileo’s telescope, 217; Keplers laws of, 220–221; Kepler’s rules of refraction, 172
orthodoxy, 112–113
Osiander, Andreas, 66
Osiander, Lukas, 320–321
Osius, Heinrich, 89
Pädagodium, 44
pagans, 234
Palatinate, 297, 298. See also Friedrich V, King of Bohemia
Papius, Johann, 77, 96
Pascal, Blaise, 329
Paul III, Pope, 111–112
Paul IV, Pope, 112
Peace of Augsburg, 24, 76
peasant revolts, 79–80, 337–338
Peppenheim, Count, 338
Peregrinatio Contra Nuncium Sydereum, The Sojourn Against the Starry Messenger (Horky), 215
perspicullum. See telescope
Pfalz-Neuberg, Wolfgang Wilhelm von, 203