Lamy of Santa Fe

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by Paul Horgan


  so ill with fever RED RIVER CHRONICLE, 29 April 1882

  he told Simeoni VPF, Lamy to Simeoni, Santa Fe, 16 May 1882, Spanish

  warned the Society L/SPF/ND, Lamy to L/SPF, Santa Fe, 16 Nov 1882, French (copy)

  Lamy at once telegraphed VPF, Lamy to VPF, Santa Fe, 3 April 1882, Spanish

  409

  had exempted Lamy VPF, VPF to Alemany and Lamy, Rome, 22 May 1883, Latin

  a new bishop at Tucson VPF, Lamy to Salpointe, Santa Fe, 7 Dec 1883, French; VPF, Salpointe to Simeoni, Rome, 26 Dec 1883, French

  pleaded with Salpointe VPF, Lamy to Salpointe, Santa Fe, 7 Dec 1883, French

  “no doubt can exist” VPF, secretarial minute for Cardinal Luigi Oreglia de San Stefano, Rome, Feb 1884

  notified Salpointe VPF, VPF to Salpointe, Rome, 7 April 1884, Latin

  on the ninth, Lamy VPF, VPF to Lamy, Rome, 9 April 1884, Latin

  “as for myself” VPF, Salpointe to VPF, Tucson, 5 May 1884, French

  Archbishop of Anazarbe VPF, Salpointe to Simeoni, Tucson, Dec 1884, French

  he and Lamy agreed Ibid.

  in his old habit NEW MEXICAN REVIEW, Santa Fe, 19 May 1884

  410–12

  (garden) Fulton, 186–87; VPF Defouri to VPF, Santa Fe, 16 Feb 1884; Warner, 151–55; Mrs E. Frank Raynor, conversations with author; CIN/ND, Cincinnati CATHOLIC TELEGRAPH, 1875?; COMMERCIAL, Cincinnati, 1876; Salpointe, 277; NEW MEXICAN, Santa Fe, 14 Sept 1875; Segale, 115–17; LO, Sr. Margarita Pacheco

  412–13

  she saw beds of cabbages Segale, 144–45

  413

  (history of the missions) Hodge, in Bandelier, 51

  launched to raze Warner, 279

  the cult in action Segale, 266–70

  an absurd rumor L/SPF/ND, Lamy to SPF, Santa Fe, 9 March 1881, French

  for what he saw there Bandelier, 182

  stayed them at his door DEN, Sr. Margarita Pacheco, “Notes on Early Santa Fe” (typescript)

  414

  Mother Francesca copied DEN, Sr. Gertrude, “Notes on Early Santa Fe” (typed transcript)

  the chapel sacristan LO, Sr. Margarita Pacheco

  at the altar LO, José Sena, in SANTA FE REGISTER, 8 Sept 1950

  spiritual reading LO, Sr. Margarita Pacheco

  his library MNM, Santa Fe, In-Loan Agreement List of 70 Ecclesiastical Books of the Archbishop Lamy Collection and the Archdiocese of Santa Fe Collection, 10 Jan 1969

  one journey overland CIN/ND, CATHOLIC TELEGRAPH (Cincinnati) (1875?)

  415

  a Taos Indian Warner, 134

  on a heavy snowy day LO, José Sena, in SANTA FE REGISTER, 8 Sept 1950

  wearing the shawl Warner, 293

  who as a small child Mrs Charles Whelan, conversation with author

  415–16

  statue of the Madonna Mrs. E. Frank Raynor, letter to author, New York, 31 Oct 1956, and conversations with author

  416

  Lamy was usually present Ibid.

  in the spring of 1884 Segale, 210–13

  416–19

  (memories of Lamy in person) Father José S. Garcia, conversations with author

  419

  an army colonel Warner, 267

  420

  “greatest pacifier” Ibid., 252

  (picnics at the ranch) DEN, Sr. Gertrude, “Notes on Early Santa Fe” (typed transcript)

  fish for German carp NEW MEXICAN REVIEW, Santa Fe, 4 Jan 1884

  as he went on foot LO, José Sena, in SANTA FE REGISTER, 8 Sept 1950

  telescope Warner, 295

  420–21

  (visit of Ewing) Ewing to wife, Santa Fe, 26 Nov 1881

  421–26

  (journey to Mexico) LO, Lamy to sister, letters from Mexico, 22 July, 9 Aug, 14 Aug, 25 Aug, 26 Aug, 10 Sept, 7 Oct, 10 Oct, 1884

  423–25

  (extracts from sermons) LO, Lamy, n.d., Spanish

  426

  “during his absence” DAILY NEW MEXICO REVIEW, Santa Fe, 28 Oct 1884

  CHAPTER XIII

  429

  wrote to Leo XIII VPF, Lamy to Leo XIII, Santa Fe, Dec 1884, Latin

  for the Pope’s acceptance VPF, Lamy to Simeoni, Santa Fe, 26 Jan 1885, French

  returned to Santa Fe Salpointe, 272

  Salpointe went to visit P/SPF/ND, Salpointe to P/SPF, Annual Report, 1885

  Bourgade of Silver City (He became the fourth Archbishop of Santa Fe.) Salpointe, 271

  430

  “bring your mitre” DEN, Salpointe to Machebeuf, Santa Fe, 5 April 1885, French

  Lamy was well enough Ibid.

  Bourgade to the episcopate Defouri, 151

  “His Holiness diligently examined” VPF, VPF to Lamy, Rome, 18 July 1885, Latin

  Simeoni sent instructions VPF, Simeoni to Salpointe, Rome, 18 July 1885, Latin

  430–31

  (Lamy’s resignation) CIN/ND, Lamy letter of resignation, Santa Fe, 26 Aug 1885

  431

  on Sunday, 6 September Defouri, 151

  Archbishop of Cyzicus VPF, Lamy to Simeoni, Santa Fe, 16 Oct 1886, French

  annual report P/SPF/ND, Salpointe to P/SPF, Annual Report, 1885, French

  432

  “in the future kindly address” P/SPF/TCA, Lamy to P/SPF, Santa Fe, 26 Sept 1885

  he said fervently L/SPF/ND, Lamy to SPF, Santa Fe, 26 Sept 1885, French

  “sufficiently comfortable” VPF, Lamy to Simeoni, Santa Fe, 3 June 1885, Spanish

  a suitable arrangement VPF, Salpointe to Simeoni, Santa Fe, 19 Aug 1885, French

  432–33

  (provision of a pension) P/SPF/TCA, Salpointe to P/SPF, Santa Fe, 6 Nov 1885, French

  433

  much to complain of VPF, Salpointe to Simeoni, Santa Fe, 16 Nov 1885, French

  from Rome, Simeoni reminded VPF, Simeoni to Lamy, Rome, 18 Nov 1885, Latin

  434

  “I think this letter of mine” VPF, Simeoni to Salpointe, Rome, 20 Nov 1885, Latin

  by the time Simeoni’s letters VPF, Salpointe to Simeoni, Santa Fe, 26 Dec 1885, Latin

  at the Villa Pintoresca Salpointe, 275

  Salpointe received the pallium DEN, Salpointe to Machebeuf, Santa Fe, 21 Nov 1885, French

  “the Cathedral is concerned” P/SPF/ND, Salpointe to P/SPF, Annual Report, Santa Fe, 6 Nov 1885, French

  the towering stone reredos (The cathedral was not completed until 1897, then by Archbishop Chapelle.) Chavez, SFC

  435

  he blessed the bells (The stained-glass windows now in the cathedral were made in Clermont-Ferrand.) Ibid.

  Michael Machebeuf and his wife L/SPF/ND, Lamy to L/SPF, Santa Fe, 24 Feb 1885, French

  (destruction of Santo Domingo) Chavez, Archives

  went to Washington Salpointe, 272

  (Machebeuf’s affairs) VPF, VPF to Salpointe, Rome, 11 March 1885, Latin; VPF, VPF to Cardinal Gibbons, Rome, 7 Sept 1885, Latin; VPF, Salpointe to Simeoni, Santa Fe, 19 Aug 1885

  Matz as coadjutor Howlett, 401

  reminder from Lamy VPF, Lamy to VPF, Santa Fe, n.d., French

  Vatican raised Denver Howlett, 401

  (Machebeuf golden jubilee) CIN/ND, CHICAGO TIMES, 16 Dec 1886

  436

  reported often to Machebeuf DEN, Salpointe to Machebeuf, Santa Fe, 15 June, 25 Aug 1886, French

  “a venerable gentleman” LO, Bourke, quoted in SANTA FE REGISTER

  “earnestly studying” NEW MEXICAN, Santa Fe, 15 Feb 1888

  in the plaza Warner, 260

  he said Mass Ibid., 268

  feast of St Francis Ibid., 137

  dedicate the chapel Ibid., 297

  carriage was sent LO, Santa Fe Annals of Mother Francesca Lamy

  437–39

  (illness and death, and funeral of Lamy) LA SEMAINE RELIGIEUSE, Salpointe to bishop of Clermont-Ferrand, Santa Fe, 21 Feb 1888, issue of 17 March 1888; DEN, Sr. Mary, “Notes on Early Santa Fe”; Warner 296–97; WEEKLY NEW MEXICAN REVIEW, 16 Feb 1888; LA SEMAINE RELIGIEUSE, Mother Francesca Lamy to siste
r, Santa Fe, 15 Feb 1888; LO, Crocchiola, in SANTA FE REGISTER, n.d.; Howlett, 404; Missal, prayers for a dead bishop

  438–39

  (the ring) Fournier, conversations with author; Brun-Voyat, conversations with author

  438–39

  (the crucifix) LO, J. Francolon to Mother Francesca Lamy, Santa Cruz, N.M., 25 March 1888, French

  439

  (burial) Chavez, SFC

  she began to cry DEN, Sr. Evangelista, “Notes on Early Santa Fe” (typescript)

  his collegians Warner, 274; NEW MEXICAN, Santa Fe, 21 Feb 1888

  writing to Europe LA SEMAINE RELIGIEUSE, Salpointe, Clermont-Ferrand, 24 March 1888

  440

  (Newman on St John Chrysostom) Newman, Historical Sketches II, “The Last Days of St John Chrysostom”

  “Sa mort” LA SEMAINE RELIGIEUSE, Clermont-Ferrand, 1888

  in the next summertime Warner, 256

  a year later DENVER REPUBLICAN, 11 July 1889

  FIDES ET OPERA (Faith and Works) Motto of Lamy’s episcopal coat of arms

  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

  Acknowledgements

  IT IS A WELCOME duty to acknowledge my indebtedness to many persons who over the years have generously helped me in the preparatory tasks for this book.

  The late Most Reverend Edwin Vincent Byrne, D.D., eighth archbishop of Santa Fe, hoped that a biography of his first predecessor would be written. When I came to him with my plans, he gave me his friendship and confidence, along with vital help in the form of credentials which assured my access to many invaluable archives in the United States and above all those at the Vatican.

  In Rome, his accreditation led me to the Very Reverend Fr Frederick Heinzmann, M.M., Procurator General of Maryknoll, and rector of Maryknoll House. In the face of what seemed my impossible request for all existing papers in Lamy’s Vatican correspondence, Father Heinzmann brought my appeal before Peter Gregory Cardinal Agagianian, the late Pro-Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of the Propaganda Fide. With extraordinary dispatch, as astonishing to his staff as to me, His Eminence, receiving me one Monday morning in 1959 immediately upon his return from an audience with Pope John XXIII, granted me full access to any archives of the Propaganda Fide which bore upon Lamy. Cardinal Agagianian put me into the hands of Fr Peter Kowalski, S.J., head of the archives, who in turn gave me into the care of Mr Anton Debevec, a most able archival scholar. Mr Debeveč supplied me with hundreds of Lamy papers never before consulted for public use. My debt to all these Roman personages is incalculable.

  So, too, is my debt to the Most Reverend Lawrence J. FitzSimon, D.D., third bishop of Amarillo, a scholarly historian who for years had been gathering materials for a life of Jean Marie Odin (first bishop of Galveston and later archbishop of New Orleans), which unhappily he did not live to complete. But Bishop FitzSimon’s own researches contained a multitude of valuable references to Lamy, and these he gave to me without hesitancy or reservation. In the course of successive years of visits to Bishop FitzSimon in Amarillo, I felt that I had found not only a generous colleague but a wise and witty friend. I am indebted to Fr Ernest Burrus, S.J., of Rome, for sending me to Bishop FitzSimon in the first place.

  Archbishop Byrne directed me to the diocesan archives gathered from all across the United States at the University of Notre Dame, where a rich store of material bearing on Lamy and associated persons is kept. There for a month or so I was made welcome as a resident guest of the university by its great president, the Very Reverend Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C., who, like his faculty and particularly his archivist, the late Fr Thomas McAvoy, C.S.C., showed me every kindness. No trouble was too great for Fr McAvoy to undertake on behalf of my studies, always with high good spirits and that associative imagination which is the mark of a true scholar. The experience of living at Notre Dame, even for only a few winter weeks, was one of the happiest by-products of my long search for the archbishop.

  I am grateful to the Abbé Garnaud, of the Ecole Massillon at Clermont-Ferrand, for innumerable courtesies and acts of guidance, including an introduction to the Reverend Mother Superior Thérèse Lucie Roy, of the Monastère de la Visitation de la Sainte Marie, at Riom. Mother Thérèse provided me with exquisite copies of the convent’s collection of 113 autograph letters written by Bishop Machebeuf to his sister, Soeur Philomène, between 1839 and 1886. (A selection of these letters was translated by Fr W. J. Howlett and used as the basis of his life of Bishop Machebeuf, privately issued in 1908 at Pueblo, Colorado. It was his work which was the biographical source of Willa Gather’s novel, Death Comes for the Archbishop, as Miss Cather stated in her book On Writing, 1949.)

  I owe special thanks, too, for aid of various kinds to many others. Fr José S. Garcia, at the age of ninety-nine, my last living link with Lamy (who sent him to Niagara Falls to be educated for the priesthood), spoke with clear and delightful personal recollection of the archbishop. (Fr Garcia, who lived to be a hundred, told me further that his godfather, Kit Carson, gave his parents a twenty-dollar gold piece as a gift for the newly baptized child, which was prudently hidden behind a brick in the Garcia fireplace at Taos.) Senator Clinton P. Anderson of New Mexico, an expert bibliophile and collector in the field of the literature of the West, aided me with particular research facilities through the Library of Congress. I thank Associate Dean Martin Griffin of Yale College for giving my text a most useful critical reading, and for leading me to the archive formed by his great-grandfather, Martin Griffin, at St Charles Borromeo Seminary, where, after years of search elsewhere, I found Lamy’s “Short History of the Pueblo Indians,” in a manuscript copy of the lost original.

  I am grateful for aid of various kinds to Msgr John Tracy Ellis, of the University of San Francisco; Msgr Charles McManus, formerly of St Patrick’s Cathedral, New York; Sister Mary Luke, the superior, and the late Sister Matilda Barrett, archivist, of the Loretto Motherhouse, Nerinckx, Kentucky; Msgr Joseph Gallagher, and Msgr P. Francis Murphy, archivist, of the Archdiocese of Baltimore; Fr Frederick D. McAninch, former archivist of the diocese of Tucson; Fr Donald F. Spitzka, C.M., and Fr Thomas Feely, C.M., of St Thomas Seminary, Denver; the Rev Homer Blubaugh, of St Mary’s Seminary, Cincinnati; and, in Santa Fe, John Gaw Meem for his long-sustained encouragement; Fray Angelico Chavez; the Loretto Sisters of the Academy of Our Lady of Light; and, for particularly constant and helpful support, Manuel J. Rodriguez.

  For generous professional sponsorship I thank Roger W. Straus, Jr, of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and Miss Virginia Rice, my highly effective agent for forty-two years (she closed her office in 1973). For admirable editorial response and assistance, I am grateful to Robert Giroux. I thank, too, Donald Berke for his excellent critical and other help on the final draft of the text; the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, under whose auspices and hospitality much of the book was written during my several periods as a Scholar in Residence; and Wesleyan University, where my post as continuing author in residence has provided me with a permanent base for my library, and every opportunity to work on my books. Once again the sustaining faith of Dr Henry Allen Moe, and the Guggenheim Foundation under his presidency, brought me a research grant which furthered my travels abroad in search of material.

  I gratefully acknowledge the help of many more people and various institutions, and I list them here alphabetically with all respect: Arizona Pioneers Historical Society; P. Ball, Special Collections, University of Arizona Library; George Barringer, Georgetown University Library; Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University (Herman Liebert, former director, Louis Martz, director); Jan Beyer, Georgetown University Library; Edward W. Bisett; Fr Thomas E. Blantz, C.S.C., Archivist, University of Notre Dame Library; Ruth Lapham Butler, Newberry Library; Msgr le Vicaire Général Chaumont, Clermont-Ferrand; M le Chanoine Chauvet, Nohanet, Puy-de-Dôme; Cincinnati Historical Society; Colorado State Historical Society; Fr Cuesta, Cristo Rey Parish, Santa Fe, N.M.; Fr Valdemar Cukuras, Pomfret, Conn.; Most Reverend James Peter Davis, retired Archbishop of
Santa Fe; Elaine Delgado Romer; Isabel Echols; Gaylord Donnelley; Stephany Eger, Librarian, History Division, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe; Laura A. Ekstrom, Assistant Librarian, Colorado State Museum, Denver; Bruce Ellis; El Paso Public Library; Eleanor S. Ewing; John K. M. Ewing; M. l’Abbé Fanguet, Lempdes, Puy-de-Dôme; Joan Farrell; Catherine Farrelly; M. le Chanoine Fournier, Riom; Msgr Joseph Gallagher, Archivist, Archdiocese of Baltimore; Donald Gallup, Curator of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University; José Ignacio Gallegos C., Durango, Mexico; Most Reverend Rudolf Gerken, seventh Archbishop of Santa Fe; S. E. Pierre Cardinal Gerlier, Archbishop of Lyon; Samuel M. Green, Wesleyan University; M l’Abbé Guillot, Secrétaire-General de l’Evêché, Clermont-Ferrand; Fr Edmund Halsey, former Archivist, St Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook, Pa.; Fr Charles Haluska, Mt Vernon, Ohio; Archibald Hanna, Curator of the Coe Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Edna Haran; the late Msgr Edward Hickey, Chancellor of the Archdiocese of Detroit; Virginia P. Hoke, Southwest Reference Librarian, El Paso Public Library; Mr and Mrs Peter Hurd, San Patricio, N.M.; Fr Stanley Iverson, New Orleans; Dr Myra Jenkins, Director, New Mexico State Archives and Records Library; the late E. Dana Johnson, Santa Fe; Mrs Jordan, Cincinnati Historical Society; Kansas State Historical Society (Frank Miller, Nyle Miller, Joseph Snell, Don Wilson); George H. Kennedy; James Kraft; M le Chanoine Pierre Lacour, Ecole Massillon, Clermont-Ferrand; Richard Lake, Secretary-Treasurer, A.T.S.F. Railway, To-peka, Kan.; Most Reverend Raymond Lessard, D.D., Bishop of Savannah; Mrs Ralph Levy; Mr and Mrs Goddard Lieberson; David McAllester, Wesleyan University; Fr Kieran McCarthy, O.F.M., Tucson, Ariz.; David McIntosh; Msgr G. Marchand, Lyon, France; Arthur Martin; William Maxwell; Fr Modell, St Mary’s Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio; New Mexico Historical Society; Museum of New Mexico Historical Archives; Museum of New Mexico Library, Historical Division; New Mexico State Archives and Records Library; New Orleans Public Library; Robert Park, Rosenberg Library, Galveston, Tex.; Francis Pawlowski; Mrs E. Frank Raynor; Fr Joseph A. Reade, Chaplain, Mt San Rafael Hospital, Trinidad, Colo.; Joseph W. Reed, Jr, Wesleyan University; Catherine Reese, Ryan Memorial Library, St Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook, Pa.; Msgr Walter F. Rosenzweig, Tucson, Ariz.; Saint Louis University, Saint Pius X Library; Richard Salazar, New Mexico Records Center and Archives, Santa Fe; Thomas V. Schmidt, Reference Division, Mullen Library, Catholic University of America; Douglas W. Schwartz; Tania Senff-Norton; John Spike; Fr Strieker, St Mary’s Seminary, Cincinnati; the late Stanley Stubbs; Larry Taylor, Archivist, St Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook, Pa.; Joaquín del Valle, Mexico City; Fr Norman Whalen, Tucson, Ariz.; Mrs. Charles Whelan, Santa Fe, N.M.; and Bernard Wirth.

 

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