The Handbook of Conflict Resolution (3rd ed)

by Peter T Coleman

  Institute for the Study of Diplomacy (Georgetown University)

  Institute of Cultural Affairs Strategic Planning Process

  Instrumental reconciliation

  Intact team building

  Integration-adaptation model: accountability component of; accuracy in reading situation component of; adaptivity component of; awareness of situation component of; Boy Scouts of America (BSA) conflict with LGBTQ community examined using; overview of the

  Integrative agreement products: type 1: compromise; type 2: logrolling; type 3: modify the resource pie; type 4: expand the resource pie; type 5: bridge the interests; type 6: cut the costs; type 7: compensation (nonspecific); type 8: superordination

  Integrative agreements: Agreement Circumplex; compromise versus integrative; conflict management system producing; examined as creativity; flexible thinking and idea generation; interaction between conflict and creativity; mix of information needed for; providing time and space for; relationship between cooperation and creativity in; seeing the other’s point of view; settlement versus resolution. See also Outcomes; Solutions

  Integrative negotiation: description of; in difficult to resolve conflicts; five major stages of; promotion of; theoretical and empirical roots of

  Integrative negotiation impasse: characteristics of negotiation environment and setting; characteristics of negotiation issues and; characteristics of the parties as source of; how negotiators can resolve

  Integrative negotiation stages: 1: preparation; 2: building a relationship with the other party; 3: exchanging information; 4: inventing and exploring options; 5: reaching settlement

  Intellectualization and minimization

  Intense internal dynamics

  Intentionalist paradigm of communication: on considering the listener when formulating a message; on listening to understand intended meaning; overview of

  Interdependence: asymmetries related to degree of; positive or negative goal

  Interests: defining; negotiation role of; to secure cooperation

  Intergroup conflict: implications for training; implications for understanding and practice; overview of; resolving intractable; sources and dynamics of

  Intergroup conflict dynamics: escalation; resistances to resolution and intractability

  Intergroup conflict resolution practices: analyzing the conflict; confronting the conflict; overview of; resolving the conflict

  Intergroup conflict resolution training: on analytical skills; on consultation skills; on group leadership skills; on intergroup skills; on interpersonal skills; overview of; personal qualities and

  Intergroup conflict sources: group-level factors; perceptual and cognitive factors

  Intergroup encounter interventions: description of; evaluation of

  Internal conflict

  International Crisis Group

  International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution (ICCCR)

  International conflict: “bargaining in the shadow of the law” phenomenon in; International Criminal Court (ICC) indictments related to; Northern Ireland; Sierra Leone (1999–2000); Syria. See also Israeli-Palestinian conflict; Peace-building practice; War

  International Criminal Court (ICC): human rights concerns of; indictments in Uganda and Libya by

  International Institute for Sustained Dialogue (IISD)

  International legal system: architectural development of; Geneva Conventions

  International social network linkages

  International Social Survey Program

  Internet: online dispute resolution (ODR); social networks on the; websites promoting ideologies; “wild west” of the

  Interpersonal conflict: escalating spirals in; self-regulatory failure in

  Interpersonal conflict resolution: cooling strategies and techniques for; reflection; time-out

  Interpersonal negotiation strategies (INS) model

  Interpersonal relation dimensions: cooperation-competition; formal versus informal; intensity and importance; power distribution (equal versus unequal); task oriented versus social-emotional

  Interpersonal scope

  Inter-Tajik Dialogue (ITD)

  Intractability: as powerful psychological barriers to conflict resolution; resistance to intergroup conflict resolution

  Intractable conflict: components of; defining; Dynamical Systems Theory (DST) on; five paradigms for addressing; Mozambique conflict and peace process feedback mapping; ongoing global; “prevention orientation” approach to

  Intractable conflict components: context; core issues; outcomes; processes; relationships

  Intractable conflict intervention guidelines: 1: leverage instability; 2: complicate to simplify: mapping dynamic ecology of peace and conflict; 3: read the emotional reservoirs of the conflict; 4: begin with what is working; 5: beginnings matter most; 6: circumvent the conflict; 7: seek meek power; 8: work with both manifest and latent attractors; 9: alter conflict and peace attractors for the long term; 10: restabilize through dynamic adaptivity

  Intractable conflict intervention paradigms: the human relations paradigm; overview on; the pathology paradigm; the postmodern paradigm; the realist paradigm; the systems paradigm

  Intractable conflict processes: malignant social processes; pervasiveness, complexity, and flux; strong emotionality

  intractable group conflict: direct conflict resolution to; implications and future directions of research on; incremental beliefs about; indirect social psychological approaches to; Israel-Palestinian conflict; Turkish-Greek conflict

  Intrapsychic conflict and anxiety

  IRA (Irish Republican Army)

  Iranian US embassy hostages (1979)

  Iraq Body Count

  Iraq War: biased information processing: selective use and framing during; con-div group dynamic during the; decision-making dynamics during the surge (2007); failure to reappraise previously rejected alternatives during; groupthink dynamic in decision to invade Iraq (2003); lack of communication and confusion during the; lowest-common-denominator decisions and decision paralysis during the; McChrystal’s Rolling Stone interview during the; moving form groupthink to polythink; policy implications of the decision making during; polythink process of withdrawal from Iraq. See also War

  Iroquois Confederation

  Irreducible Uncertainty, Inevitable Error, Unavoidable Injustice (Hammond)

  Islands of agreement

  Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Abraham Fund for Jewish-Arab Coexistence initiative to resolve; Air France flight rescue by Israeli government; cultural fluency used to better understand the; destructive versus constructive ideologies of the; emotional dimension of incremental beliefs; events to change collective memories and move toward shared view of history; increased levels of hope regarding end of; judgment dimension of incremental beliefs; normalization of hostility and violence; psychodynamic theory used to explain the; social media role in monitoring events of; symbolism and ideology issues of the. See also International conflict

  Issue scope

  I-Thou relationships

  J

  Journal of Applied Behavioral Science

  Journal of Homosexuality

  Judgment and moral reasoning

  Justice: analyzing the true impacts of retributive; conflict between two reasonable principles of; conflict over defining what is; distributive; economic framework of; gacaca (community justice process); global justice burden; operationalizing peace with; peace as requiring; peace-building process that commits to long-term peace and; reciprocity practice by indigenous societies for; reconciliation and processes of; scope of; solidarity and caring framework of. See also Fairness; Injustice

  Justice frameworks: economic and politics of deserving; solidarity and caring

  “Justifying,” as negotiation tactic

  K

  Kamp Uden Vaaben (Ehrlich, Lindberg, and Gammeigaard Jacobsen)

  Karma

  Kidnapping. See Hostage negotiation

  Kinetic power

&n
bsp; Knowledge acquisition. See Learning

  Kohlberg’s moral development stages

  Kosovo bombing issue

  Kosovo Liberation Army

  L

  Language: definitions of; dehumanizing trait of; used to describe conflict; examining interconnectedness of peace, conflict resolution, and; peace linguistics

  Large group intervention methods: applications to peace building and legislative processes; that create the future; embedding new patterns of collaboration; methods for discussion and decision making; overview of; for work design

  Large Group Interventions: Engaging the Whole System for Rapid Change (Bunker and Alban)

  Layered personality

  Leadership coaching

  League of Women Voters

  Learning: conflict management and social-emotional; constructive controversy and improved quality; experiential; informal and incidental learning model on reflection for; knowledge acquisition from conflict resolution research; to learn about conflict resolution; reflection on experience for; social context of

  Learning by analogy

  Learning Communities Project

  LeBenevolencija

  Legitimacy, socially constructed

  “Legitimizing myths” of power

  Leith Open Space

  Lesbians. See LGBTQ community

  “Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King)

  Levesno lab

  Lewin’s change process framework: driving and restraining forces; movement phase of; refreezing phase of; unfreezing phase of

  LGBTQ community: Boy Scouts of America conflict with; honor ideologies and violence against

  Libya

  LIF PLUS

  LinkedIn

  Listening: dialogic communication with empathic; taking listeners perspective into account; trying to understanding intended meaning of message

  Logrolling solution

  Lome Agreement (1999)

  London bombings

  Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) [Uganda]

  Lose-lose outcome

  Loss averse

  Love and belongingness needs

  Loving Couples Loving Children (LCLC)

  Low-power groups (LPGs)

  Lufthansa flight negotiations (1977)

  M

  Maalot School terrorism (Israel)

  MACBE (motivation, affect, cognition, behavior, environment) model

  Madrid terrorist attacks

  Manila hostage crisis

  Marginalization: moral exclusion or; psychological mechanisms for; selection of targets for; “structural” violence and

  Marriage: couples’ conflict intervention; friendship as “emotional bank account” for; Sound Relationship House theory (SRH) on; specific affect coding system (SPAFF) measures of; trust and betrayal theory for emotional attunement in. See also Divorce; Gottman lab

  The Marriage Clinic (Gottman)

  The Marriage Clinic Casebook (Gottman)

  Marriage intervention/divorce prevention: The Art and Science of Love (ASL); Bringing Baby home (BBH) workshop; Couples Together Against Violence; Gottmans’ conflict blueprints; Loving Couples Loving Children (LCLC); proximal change experiments

  “Marshmellow test”

  Marxist doctrine

  Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

  The Mathematics of Marriage (Gottman, Murray, Swanson, Tyson, and Swanson)

  McChrystal’s Rolling Stone interview

  Media: coverage of terrorism by; nonviolent struggle coverage by the; political processes and freedom of the press by; social media as social networks

  Mediation: Coleman Raider Mediation Model for; conditions for effective; contingent; definition of; efficacy of; factors determining use of; implications for training; implications for understanding and managing conflict using; key differences between human rights and; leadership coaching for organizational; outline for parents; problem-as-puzzle model of; “satisfaction story” of; short-term success in mediation (STSM); theory and research on; traditional, narrative, and transformative; whole school programs for

  Mediator behavior: assertiveness; contextual interventions; as mediation factor; reflexive interventions; substantive interventions; tactical interventions

  Mediator styles: evaluative; facilitative; problem-solving; relational; strategic

  Mediators: behavior of; as catalysts for learning through reflection; characteristics of the potential; how gender affects style of; implications for; maintain realistic expectations; using multiple; negotiation biases of; skills required for intergroup conflict resolution; stressful social role of; stylistic orientation of; twelve stages of moves made by. See also Conflict resolution practitioners; Conflict resolution training

  Mediators beyond Borders

  Men: network access of; social dominance orientation (SDO) levels in. See also Gender differences

  Men Organized against Rape

  Mercy Healthcare system (California)

  Messages: considering what the listener will take it to mean; listening to try to understanding intended meaning of; pay attention to the form of the; taking listener’s perspective into account. See also Communication

  Meta-emotion (Katz and Hooven)

  MHS (mutually hurting stalemate)

  Middle childhood development: description of; Erikson’s psychosocial stages in development; role of conflict in; sense of self; stage theories of

  Middle-out power

  Mindfulness

  Minimization and intellectualization

  Minorities at Risk Project

  Mirror neurons

  The MODE

  Modeling: self-regulation; social-emotional learning promoted by

  Modify the resource pie

  Mondragon (Spain)

  Moral behavior, role of framing in

  Moral community: empathy required to enlarge one’s; intergroup simulations to experience a; justice principles of deserving often extended only to one’s; training to enlarge the scope of one’s

  Moral courage

  Moral development: of extraordinary moral responsibility and creativity; Kohlberg’s moral development stages on; raising inclusively caring children with moral courage

  Moral exclusion: definition of; individual and groups who suffer; psychological mechanisms of; selection of targets for; social conditions allowing; three central psychological questions regarding; training to recognize

  Moral exclusion

  Moral orientation

  Moral reasoning and judgment

  Moral theories on aggression and violence: moral exclusion; moral reasoning and judgment; norm violations; overview of

  Moral values appeal

  Morse code

  Motivation: conflict resolution and multiple motives and; generating change agent’s; to improve understanding during constructive controversy; information processing and defense, accuracy, or impression; middle childhood development of; Murray’s need theory of personality on; self-regulation role in

  Motivational orientation

  Mozambique peace process: example of the utility of meek power in the; mapping the conflict and

  Multiculturalism: comparing culture and; examining relationship to conflict and conflict resolution; increasing cultural diversity in today’s societies; meaning of conflict and resolution in context of; noteworthy applications of; as a social movement

  Multiculturalism conflict management: accountability component of; accuracy in reading situation; adaptivity component of; awareness of situation; case study: Boy Scouts of America and multiculturalism; integration-adaptation model of

  Multiple mediators

  Mumbai attacks (Pakistan)

  Murray’s need theory of personality

  Musekeweya (New Dawn) radio drama (Rwanda)

  Mutual respect principle

  Mutual security principle

  Mutual trust principle

  N

  Naive conflict resolution strategies

  Narrative mediation


  National Commission for Democracy and Human Rights

  National Fund for Social Enterprise (Mexico)

  National Institute of Mental Health

  National Institutes of Health Office of the Ombudsmen

  National Public Radio

  National Science Foundation

  National Training Laboratory in Group Development (NTL)

  National Urban League

  Native American values

  NATO

  Nazi Germany

  Need for power

  Need principle

  Needs theories: Burton’s human needs theory; Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Murray’s need theory of personality

  Negative self-transcendence

  Negotiating boundaries: description of; gender differences in; legal entitlements

  Negotiation: anchors, frames, and reference points of; Coleman Raider “Bare-Bones” Model of Stages of Negotiation; Coleman Raider reframing formula for; conflict resolution research on; contract; cooperation-competition theory implications for training; definition of; difficulty personalities and; examining gender differences in; facing dirty tricks during cooperative; integrative; judgmental biases during; multiple motives during; persuasion during; psychodynamic personality theory on irrational deterrents to; reducing ambiguity; research developments on; role playing during; social context of; strategies to improve outcomes for women; substantive content of training for; terrorists and hostage

  Negotiation and Conflict Management Research (Kressel and Wall)

  Negotiation Behavior (Pruitt)

  Negotiation bias outcomes: damaged negotiation relationships; exaggeration of conflict/false conflict due to; failure to reach agreement even when mutually beneficial; loss of confidence; reaching agreement prematurely or in substandard way

  Negotiation bias remedies: deliberate and structured interventions; naturally occurring

  Negotiation biases: of cognition; cultural differences related to; information processing and sources of; of outcome and allocation; of process; remedies of

  Negotiation boundaries: fall prevention; pregnancy and parental leave

  Negotiation Evaluation Survey (NES)

  Negotiation impasse: characteristics of the parties as source of; strategies for dealing with