Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis (Allen Lane History)
Page 158
Dirschau 222
Disraeli, Benjamin 123
Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire 370
Djibouti 328
Dnieper river 346, 410, 413, 434, 597, 599, 602, 603, 616, 617, 618, 629
Dniester river 463, 630
Dobbin 826
Dohnanyi, Hans von 262, 268, 659, 667
Dollfué, Engelbert 65, 66
Dollmann, General Friedrich 638
Don river 416, 526, 529, 530, 538, 546
Donald, Major Graham 370
Donets Basin 410, 413, 415, 578, 600
Dönitz, Grand-Admiral Karl 585, 631, 650, 684, 719, 757, 774, 779, 792, 798, 800, 804, 808, 813, 815, 817, 820, 823, 825, 832, 834, 835, 837
Dorpmüller, Julius 800
Dorsch, Xaver 634
Dortmund 587, 761
Dresden 511, 761, 764–5, 779; Jews in 766
Dresdner Bank 132
Duisburg 535, 587, 792
Dulles, Allen 834
Dünaburg 398
Dunkirk 295–7, 321
Düsseldorf 142, 535, 587, 760, 840
Dutch East Indies 326
Eagle’s Nest (Adlerborst), Kehlstein 198, 202, 203, 638
East Prussia 158, 239, 261, 334, 414, 420, 432, 437, 483, 501, 527, 546, 565, 595, 614, 650, 651, 715, 719, 740, 741, 749, 756, 758, 759, 762, 763, 769, 779
‘East-West Axis’ 183, 184
eastern expansion xliv, 188, 203; see also expansionism; ‘living-space’
Eastern Question 334
‘Eastern Wall’ 403
Ebermannstadt, Upper Franconia 221
Eberswalde 793
Echtmann, Fritz 831
Economic Staff for the East: Agricultural Group 406
Ecuador 134, 320
Edelweié Pirates 704
Eden, Anthony (later 1st Earl of Avon): and Bishop Bell 663; and the Heé affair 379–80; and H’s ‘peace plan’ 3–4; resignation 73
Edward VIII, King (later Duke of Windsor) 24, 302
Egypt 189, 350, 523
Eichmann, Adolf: deportations to the Nisko district 318; favours a Jewish state in Palestine 134; forces the emigration of Viennese Jews 131; hanged 837; and the ‘Madagascar solution’ 322, 324; runs the ‘Jewish Section’ of the SD 42; suggests pogroms 136; the Wannsee Conference 492, 493
Eicken, Professor Karl von 694
Eifel 741
Einsatzgruppe A 463
Einsatzgruppe Β 463, 466
Einsatzgruppe C 463, 468
Einsatzgruppen (‘task groups’): Czechoslovakia 241; Poland 241, 243, 244, 246; reports of slaughter in Russia sent to Η 520; Soviet Union 381–2, 461, 463–9, 477
Einsatzkommando 3 463, 468
Einsatzkommando 4a 468
Einsatzkommandos (‘task forces’) 382, 485
Eisenhower, General Dwight D. 722, 745, 760, 819, 835, 836
El Alamein 534, 538
Elbe river 802, 805, 809, 810
Elberfeld 587
Elbrus mountain 530
‘elections’ (29 March 1936) xxi, 3
Elisabeth, Czarina 791
Elser, Georg 263–4, 271–5, 2–78, 656
Elsterwerda 802
employment 712–13; female labour 563, 567–8, 713; forced labour 707, 736; foreign labour 162, 317, 713; Führer Decree (13 January 1943) 568; Jewish labour gangs 492–3; Jewish skilled workers 486; labour shortages xlv, 162, 186, 187, 502, 515, 540, 707; low wages xxxvi, 423, 449; new sources of skilled labour 161; poor work conditions xxxvi, 423, 540; prisoners-of-war 449
Engel, Major Gerhard 54, 235, 248, 302, 332, 344, 350, 438, 532.
English Channel 295, 310, 504
Erbkrank (Hereditarily 111) (film) 257
Essen 761, 791
Esser, Hermann 512, 781
Estonia 194
‘ethnic cleansing’: authorized by Η 240; Heydrich explains the programme 243–4; instigated by the SS 240–1; liquidation programme at its core 248
ethnic minorities xv
Etzdorf, Rittmeister Hasso von 262, 269 eugenics programmes 234
Eupen-Malmedy 664
Euskirchen 294
‘euthanasia action’ 235, 252–61, 263, 426–9, 462, 480, 483, 522, 838
Evian Conference (1938) 145
Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) (film) 249, 323, 349–50
Exeter 520
expansionism xliv–xlv, 24, 49, 60, 64, 87, 95, 124–5, 129, 157, 161, 173, 241, 305, 343; see also eastern expansion; ‘living-space’
exports xxxviii, 162
Falaise Pocket 721, 723
Falkenhorst, General von 287
Fallersleben 197
Far East 13, 25, 442, 504, 505
Farinacci, Roberto 594, 596, 597
Fascism 596; Austrian-nationalist 65; and Communism 17; in Italy 581, 586
Faulhaber, Cardinal Michael 29–30
Fegelein, SS-Gruppenführer Hermann 797, 816, 818, 819, 820
Fegelstein, Gretl (née Braun) 797
Fellgiebel, General Erich 672, 673, 675, 687, 690, 692
Felsennest (Rock Eyrie) (Führer Headquarters near Münstereifel) 294, 300
Feltre, near Belluno 593
Fifth Army (Soviet) 413 ‘fifth-columnists’ 488
‘Final Solution’ 151, 252, 321–2, 352, 463, 471, 481, 487, 489, 492, 493, 495, 520, 559, 603, 636, 736, 822
Finland 308, 333, 334, 524–6, 617, 624, 645, 724
Finnish war 286, 287
First Reich 335
First World War 657, 834; the armistice (1918) 298, 542; blasting of craters with howitzers 454; collapse of morale on the home front 563; ‘fifth-columnists’ 488; German humiliation and loss of national pride xv; H’s experiences 403, 473, 611, 754; Lloyd George and H reminisce 29; the ‘world war’ term 490
Fischlham 197
Flanders 299, 434, 454, 518
Flensburg 834, 835
Flick concern 132
Florian, Gauleiter Friedrich Karl 786
Foch, Marshal Ferdinand 298
food crisis xxxvi, 10, 12, 20, 47, 48, 49, 423, 480–81, 506, 507, 540
‘Foreign Armies East’ department 756
foreign exchange 9, 11, 162
Forest of Compiègne 298
Forster, Gauleiter Albert 67, 200, 201, 202, 219, 222, 239, 247, 250, 251, 315, 316, 837
Förster, General Helmuth 455
Four Year Plan organization 22, 226, 313, 354, 406, 492, 502
France: armistice with Germany 298–9; armistice with Italy 299; and the Axis powers 514; and Czechoslovakia 95, 96, 99, 118, 119–20; declares war on Germany 223; deportation of Jews from occupied area 485; divided 299; evacuation of 649; government crisis (1938) 75; H gambles everything on her defeat 285; H mentally distributes provinces 267; H’s plans 293, 542; H’s triumph 286, 421; H’s view of the French military 264, 265; industry 784; and the ‘Madagascar solution’ 322; Napoleon’s legacy xvi; necessity of holding on to 719; northern 291, 295, 745; occupation of southern France 542; Popular Front 14; rearmament 157, 175; and the Soviet-German non-aggression pact 206; Vichy 323–4, 331, 342; weakness of xxxvi
Franciscans, ‘immorality trials’ of (1937) 40
Franco, Francisco xvii, 13–16, 25, 44, 207, 332;
and the Axis 327; Hendaye meeting (Hitler/
Franco) 329–30, 525; territorial demands 327, 328, 348
François-Poncet, André 29, 119–20, 122
Frank, Hans 25, 204, 239, 245, 250, 316, 319, 322, 351, 352, 375–6, 462, 480, 482, 491–2, 520, 589, 725, 726, 837
Frank, Karl Hermann 108–9, 599
Frankfurt am Main 485, 788
Frankfurt an der Oder 759, 793
Frankfurter, David 136
Frederick the Great, King of Prussia 36, 277, 283, 454, 501, 505, 554, 611, 696, 742, 745, 776, 783, 789, 791, 811
Frederick I, Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor 335
‘Free French’ 331, 722
Freemasonry 24, 130, 250, 594, 595
Freies Deutschland (‘Free Germany�
�) 616
Freikorps 250, 258
Freikorps Adolf Hitler 790
Freinberg, Linz 198
Freisler, Roland 508, 552, 688, 689, 692
French army 277, 284, 295, 297
French Equatorial Africa 331, 434
French Indo-China 326
French Morocco 327
French navy 298; destruction of French ships at Mers-el-Kébir 301
French Resistance 660, 722
Freyend, Major Ernst John von 672, 673
Freytag-Loringhoven, Major Bernd von 811
Frick, Interior Minister Wilhelm 76, 78–91, 172, 219, 245, 312, 571, 574, 599, 837
Friedeburg, Admiral Hans-Georg von 835, 836
Friener, General Johannes 650
Fritsch, Colonel-General Werner Freiherr von 10, 49, 50, 51, 52, 101–2, 147, 209, 237; the scandal 54–6, 64, 69, 83, 86, 89, 94, 101, 147, 167, 224, 262, 358, 668
Fröhlich family 145
Fromm, Colonel-General Friedrich 450, 644, 651, 659, 669, 670, 675, 676, 678, 681–3, 689, 690
Führer Bunker, Berlin 788, 791, 824, 827, 830; communications 811–12, 818; described 775–6; Greim arrives 812; H and Eva Braun commit suicide 828; H’s fifty-sixth birthday 797–8; Speer unable to break free from H 806; Weidling made responsible for Berlin’s defence 808
Führer Chancellery (Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDAP) 257–8, 259, 260
Führer cult 94, 183, 184, 185, 188, 198, 227, 229, 556, 614, 774
‘Führer Headquarters’: the first (Pomerania, then Upper Silesia) 235–6; Wolf’s Lair, near Rastenburg see Wolf’s Lair
‘Führer Machine’ 524, 710
Führer-Informationen 710
Führerbegleitkommando 830
Funk, Walther 58, 143, 219, 312, 434, 569, 571, 573, 678, 823, 837
Fürth 582
Furtwängler, Wilhelm 13, 513
Fuschl, near Salzburg 203, 595
Gabcik, Josef 518–19
Galen, Clemens August Graf von 427–30
Galicia 493, 629
Galland, Adolf 732
Gargzdai, Lithuania 463–4
Garmisch-Partenkirchen: Winter Olympics (February 1936) 5
Gatow aerodrome 801, 806, 809
Gau Unterfranken (Lower Franconia) 37
Gaukönigshofen 142
Gaulle, General Charles de 329, 331, 722
Gaullist movement 328
Gay, Peter 145
Gedye, G.E.R. 84–5
Gehlen, General Reinhard 756, 757
Gelsenkirchen 514, 761
General Army Office 659
General Plan for the East (Generalplan-Ost) 462, 476
General War Office (Allgemeines Heeresamt) 668
Geneva conventions 394–5
Genghis Khan xvii, 756, 772
Genoa 595
genocide xl, 493; all-out genocidal programme 461, 462; attempts to conceal the evidence 766–7; genocidal link between war and the killing of Jews 151; H’s responsibility 487; Jews dehumanized 142; Jews excluded from German society 142; in the Russian campaign (1941) 248, 249; separate strands pulled together 492; the Wannsee Conference and 493
George, Stefan 667
Gercke, Lieutenant-General Rudolf 450
German army: anti-Polish feeling 235, 237; anti-tank gun devloped 448; and armaments factory workers 300; assassination conspiracy (1944) 86, 224, 358, 359, 651–84; Brauchitsch controls 94; Brauchitsch resigns 451–2, 453; conscription reintroduced (1935) 10; crisis of confidence 103, 450; desertions 763; display of prototype tanks 632; driven out of Libya 546; eastern front stabilized 455–6; enters Czechoslovakia (1939) 171; expansion 10; forces against Timoshenko 433; fuel shortage 530, 635, 696; General Staff 98, 102, 393, 408, 418, 438, 528, 533, 534, 544, 578, 650, 687, 688, 696, 757–8, 769, 782, 787, 826; and German dominance xliv; H takes on the supreme command 452–3; the Halt Order (August 1941) 451–5, 462, 507; High Command (Oberkommando des Heeres; OKH) 287, 357, 361, 381, 407, 408, 409, 413, 414, 417, 418, 434, 435, 439, 452, 505, 514, 528, 655, 661, 662, 671, 675, 811; H’s aim 20; legacy of the Blomberg-Fritsch affair 94; losses of weapons and vehicles 515; major changes in leadership 188; moral codex of the officer corps 59; a new panzer army 448; officer corps 86; Operations Department 396; prepares for a spring offensive in Russia (1942) 447, 448, 456, 509; relations with the SS 247, 248; retreating troops (1945) 760; robbery and plundering by (1945) 763; size of xxxvi–xxxviii, 284, 515; support of H’s regime xv; told to hold position in Russia 453–4; the toll of ‘Barbarossa’ 409; transfer of divisions to the east 305–6; view of military action against Poland 159; weak leadership 225; winter crisis in Russia 439–42, 447, 450–56, 490, 499, 516
German Communist Party see Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD)
German embassy, Stockholm 287
German Labour Front see Deutsche Arbeitsfront
German navy 58, 59, 277, 278, 289, 302; H on 509, 825; High Command 367; and iron-ore imports 286; and the naval pact with Britain 190; prepares for war with Britain 94, 100; rebuilding of 38, 47, 50; in Scandinavia 287, 289; Z-Plan 159, 191, 284
German Order of the Eagle 449, 525
German-Soviet Treaty of Friendship (23 September 1939) 238
‘Germania’, intended new Nazi capital 183
Germanization 235, 244, 250–1, 318, 476
Germany: Abteilung Landesverteidigung (National Defence Department) 307; agreement with Austria (1936) 4, 24, 25, 45, 66, 67; Air Ministry 144; alliance with Italy 24–6, 68; American air-raids on fuel plants 635; anti-aircraft weapon development 449; armaments industry 300, 563, 567, 707, 711, 712; ascendancy destabilizes the international order 4; austerity drive (1944) 712; becomes a major power again 28–9; black-marketeering 506, 508; bureaucracy 566–7; capitulation signed 6 May 1945 835; civil service xv, 575; colonies 67, 100, 176, 203, 216, 264, 293, 328; complicity over deportation of Jews 495; cultural despair xlii; declares war on the United States (11 December 1941) 444–6, 486–7, 490; delay in attacking Russia 368; dialects 434; ‘East Wall’ 159–60; economic agreement with Russia (January 1941) 343; elections (1938) 82–3; expansionism xliv–xlv, 24, 49; fatalities 236; flak installations issue 524, 543, 554; Foreign Ministry xliv, 15, 100, 188, 189, 190, 237, 262, 268, 271, 284, 321, 350, 770; Foreign Office 13, 14, 15, 26, 44, 58, 60, 63–4, 67, 87, 89, 90, 95, 121, 262, 478, 492, 539; Four-Year Plan 12, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 57, 63, 66, 67, 68, 89, 143–4, 161, 226, 313, 354, 406; fuel shortage 11, 18, 345; the German greeting 703; growing domestic consumption 9; H becomes the law 511; H blocks proposals to cut down on bureaucracy 574; housing 449; H’s approval of a German-Japanese alliance 448; intelligence 626, 734, 735, 756; judicial system capitulates to the police state 507; judicial system scapegoated 508, 510–11, 522; loses the initiative in the war (1941) 457; Ministerial Bureau 262, 269; Ministry of Armaments 10; Ministry of the Eastern Territories 492; Ministry of Economics 20, 22, 58, 162; Ministry of Finance 574; Ministry of Food 10; Ministry of the Interior 76, 80, 257–60, 312, 492; Ministry of Justice 426, 492, 506, 508–9; Ministry of War 43, 57, 58; Mitteldeutschland xviii; mobilization 169; and the Munich Agreement 122; Mussolini’s state visit (1937) 38, 44–5, 98; national anthem 6, 561; ‘National Day of Celebration of the German People’ (1 May) 37; national debt 161; national pride xv, xvi, xxxix; Naval Pact with Britain (1935) xxxviii, 23; nemesis xvii; new importance in international affairs xxxvi; non-aggression pact with Russia (1939) 205, 206, 210–11, 212, 228, 236, 238, 285, 292, 326, 385; ‘Pact of Steel’ with Italy 193; position against Poland strengthened 165; Post Office 171; Propaganda Ministry 82, 313, 352, 365, 386, 473, 566, 567, 680, 689, 710, 765; reaction to the fate of the 6th Army 551–2; rearmament xxxviii, xliv, xlv, 1, 9–10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 22, 25–6, 43, 160, 161, 163, 237; reassertiveness xxxvi; seeks a national hero xlii–xliii; steel industry 603; supports Italy in the Abyssinian conflict 4; Transport Ministry 507; Tripartite Pact (1940) 326, 332; unstable alliance with Hungary 734; war debts 449; Westwall 97–8, 103, 106, 20
2, 502, 737, 742