The Romanov Sisters
Page 52
45. Anastasia, letter to Katya, no. 14, 20 September, EEZ.
46. Dnevniki II, p. 80.
47. ‘Iz Dnevnika A. S. Demidovoi’, in Kovalevskaya, S Tsarem, p. 670.
48. Dnevniki II, p. 87; Fall, pp. 265–6.
49. Quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 86.
50. Quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 106.
51. Dnevniki II, p. 88.
52. Vyrubova, Memories, p. 325.
53. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 73.
54. Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, p. 424.
55. Dnevniki II, p. 148.
56. Pankratov, quoted in ibid., p. 142. For a translated extract of Pankratov’s memoirs, see Fall, pp. 259–97, though this does not always match the original Russian extracts quoted in Dnevniki.
57. Gibbes, untitled TS memoir, Bodleian, f. 8.
58. Ibid., f. 12.
59. Pankratov, quoted in Dnevniki II, pp. 160–1.
60. Anastasia, letter to Katya, no. 16, 8 October, EEZ.
61. Quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 112.
62. Ibid., p. 128.
63. Ibid., p. 129.
64. Ibid., p. 148.
65. Quoted in Fall, pp. 199–200.
66. Dnevniki II, p. 139.
67. Quoted in ibid., p. 138.
68. Ibid., p. 139.
69. Ibid., pp. 163, 168.
Twenty – Thank God We Are Still in Russia and All Together
1. Dnevniki II, p. 150. See also Nicholas’s letter to Xenia, 9 November, ibid., p. 159.
2. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 72; Dnevniki II, p. 159.
3. Fall, p. 201.
4. Dnevniki II, p. 161.
5. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 243.
6. Bowra, Memories, p. 66.
7. Dnevniki II, p. 164.
8. Anastasia, letter to Katya, 14 November, EEZ.
9. Ibid., 21 November, EEZ.
10. Quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 176.
11. Ibid., p. 85.
12. Nepein, Pered Rasstrelom, p. 163.
13. Ibid., p. 126.
14. Ibid., p. 158.
15. Quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 183.
16. Ibid., p. 197.
17. Vyrubova, Memories, p. 242.
18. Letter to Zinaida Tolstaya, 10 December, quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 199; Anastasia, letter to Katya, no. 22, 10 December, EEZ.
19. See Dnevniki II, p. 193–4. Other plays would follow in the New Year on 14, 21, 28 January, 4, 11, 18 and 25 February (OS). See Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, pp. 78–83.
20. Dnevniki II, p. 199.
21. Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, p. 29.
22. Vyrubova, Memories, p. 249.
23. Fall, p. 211; Vyrubova, Memories, p. 318.
24. Ibid., p. 313; Fall, pp. 213–14.
25. See Dnevniki II, p. 216; Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, pp. 23–4.
26. Dnevniki II, p. 217.
27. Nepein, Pered Rasstrelom, p. 121.
28. Dnevniki II, p. 224.
29. Letter to PVP, 27 December, Dnevniki II, p. 218.
30. Anastasia, letter to Katya, 5 December, EEZ.
31. Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, p. 29.
32. Quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 224.
33. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 128.
34. Botkin, Real Romanovs, pp. 178–9.
35. Dnevniki II, p. 230.
36. Ibid.; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, p. 313.
37. Harry de Windt, ‘Ex Czar’s Place of Exile: A Picture of Tobolsk’, reproduced from Manchester Guardian in Poverty Bay Herald, 6 February 1918.
38. See Alexey diary, in Eugénie de Grèce, Le Tsarévitch, p. 207; Hendrikova diary quoted in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, p. 226. Massie, Last Diary, p. 21, confirms that Anastasia did indeed contract measles, though some sources deny this. It is also confirmed in letter to Katya, no. 25, 19 January 1918, EEZ.
39. Alexandra, letter to Anna Vyrubova, Memories, p. 327.
40. Letter, 26 January 1918, EEZ.
41. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 253.
42. For the cold that winter, see Anastasia to Anna Vyrubova, 23 January 1918 in Vyrubova, Memories, p. 327; Olga, letter to Rita Khitrovo, 21 January 1918 in Nepein, Pered Rasstrelom, p. 129; Nicholas, diary entries for 17–23 January, Dnevniki II, pp. 258–65.
43. See Anastasia to Katya, letter, 26 January, EEZ; Nepein, Pered Rassrelom, p. 129.
44. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 253. Nicholas [Gibbes], ‘Ten Years’, p. 12.
45. Ibid; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, p. 322.
46. Botkin, Real Romanovs, pp. 178–9.
47. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 245.
48. Bitner in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, pp. 422–3.
49. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 73.
50. Bitner in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, p. 423.
51. See e.g. letter to Zinaida Tolstaya, 14 January 1918, Coutau-Begari, p. 35 and to Valentina Chebotareva, 12 January 1918, in Alferev, Pisma iz zatocheniya, p. 200.
52. Pravoslavnaya zhizn July 1968, no. 7 pp. 3–4. The provenance of this extract is confirmed in Princess Barbara Dolgorouky’s unpublished memoirs, ‘Gone For Ever: Some Pages from My Life in Russia, 1885–1919’, Hoover Institution Archives, TS fo. 82. Bekhteev went into exile in 1920 and settled first in Serbia and then in Nice, where the existence of this letter and the poem Bekhteev wrote based on it became well known in Russian émigré circles. See also Chernova, Vernye, pp. 476–7.
53. Quoted in Titov, ‘OTMA’, p. 36.
54. Bitner, quoted in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, pp. 423–4.
55. Ibid.
56. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 74.
57. Botkin, Real Romanovs, p. 179.
58. Ibid., p. 180.
59. Ibid., p. 179.
60. Letter no. 25 to Katya, 19 January; letter no. 24, 24 January, EEZ.
61. Botkin, Real Romanovs, pp. 179, 180.
62. List 1 (14) Tobolsk books, Sydney Gibbes Papers; Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, pp. 82–3.
63. Ibid., p. 74; LD, p. 41.
64. Bitner testimony in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, p. 424.
65. LD, p. 17.
66. For Alexey see Alexandra’s diary for 26 and 30 January, in ibid., pp. 32, 36.
67. Quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 252.
68. Quoted in ibid., p. 267.
69. Ibid., p. 268.
70. LD, p. 38.
71. Dnevniki II, p. 292.
72. Letter to Zinaida Tolstoya, 6 January 1918, Coutau-Begari, p. 35.
73. Wilton and Telberg, Last Days of the Romanovs, p. 196; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 255.
74. Kobylinsky statement in Wilton and Telberg, Last Days of the Romanovs, p. 197.
75. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 255. For the household economies see Dnevniki II, pp. 296–8.
76. LP, p. 609.
77. Dnevniki II, p. 312.
78. Ibid., p. 332.
79. Vyrubova, Memories, p. 337; Coutau-Begari, p. 35.
80. Dehn, Real Tsaritsa, pp. 244, 246.
81. Dnevniki II, p. 325.
82. Quoted in LD p. 72.
83. Dnevniki II, p. 328.
84. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 256.
85. Dnevniki II, pp. 327–8.
Twenty-one – They Knew It Was the End When I Was with Them
1. Dnevniki II, p. 316.
2. Ibid., p. 336.
3. Botkin, Real Romanovs, p. 192.
4. Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, pp. 68–9.
5. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 256.
6. Vyrubova, Memories, p. 341.
7. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p.95; Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, p. 49.
8. Vyrubova, Memories, p. 338.
9. Volkov statement, in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, p. 450.
10. Vyrubova, Memories, p. 338.
11. LD, p. 102.
12. Wilton and Telberg, Last Days of the Romanovs, p. 200.
13. Melnik-Botkina, Vospominaniya, pp. 95–6.
14. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 259.
15. Dnevniki II,
p. 368.
16. Fall, p. 238.
17. Ross, Gibel’ tsarskoy semi, p. 412.
18. Wilton and Telberg, Last Days of the Romanovs, p. 250.
19. LD, p. 108.
20. Melnik-Botkina, Vospominaniya, p. 106; Botkin, Real Romanovs, p. 194.
21. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 262; Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 98.
22. ‘British Abbot who was Friend of Murdered Czar’, Singapore Free Press, 20 March 1936. Now Father Nicholas, Gibbes was interviewed en route through Singapore to the Holy Land. Nicholas [Gibbes], ‘Ten Years’, pp. 13–14.
23. Dnevniki II, p. 374.
24. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 98; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, p. 331.
25. Nicholas [Gibbes], ‘Ten Years’, p. 14; Bulygin, Murder of the Romanovs, p. 209; Kobylinsky statement in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, p. 304.
26. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 98.
27. Melnik-Botkina, Vospominaniya, p. 104.
28. Zeepvat, ‘Valet’s Story’, p. 332.
29. Statement in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, p. 304.
30. Bitner statement in ibid., p. 423.
31. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 100.
32. Ibid., p. 130; Melnik-Botkina, Vospominaniya, p. 108.
33. Gibbes, TS memoirs, f. 12.
34. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 263.
35. Tschebotarioff, Russia My Native Land, p. 197.
36. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 263.
37. Vyrubova, Memories, p. 342.
38. Olga’s letter, 28 April to 5 May 1918, Wilson, ‘Separation and Uncertainty’, no. 25, p. 4. The letters covering April–May 1918 translated into English in this series of articles (nos. 25–8) are taken from the French versions of the original Russian in the Journal Intime de Nicolas II, 1934, and Eugénie de Grèce, Le Tsarévitch: enfant martyr. The translations are therefore at third hand, as the original Russian MS sources, if they still survive, have not as yet been made available.
39. Ibid., p. 5.
40. Ibid.
41. See web site @: http://www.tzar-nikolai.orthodoxy.ru/n2/pism/12.htm#9
42. Wilson, ‘Separation and Uncertainty’, no. 26, p. 41.
43. Ibid., no. 27, p. 82.
44. Ibid., p. 83.
45. Ibid., p. 84.
46. Quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 417.
47. Wilson, ‘Separation and Uncertainty’, no. 28, p. 114.
48. Ibid., p. 115.
49. Maria, postcard to Ella, quoted in Dnevniki II, p. 430.
50. Dnevniki II, pp. 425–6. Note that transcriptions of this widely quoted letter vary and some translations based on them (e.g. Fall, pp. 301–2) contain possible errors.
51. Ibid., p. 426.
52. Bulygin, Murder of the Romanovs, p. 228.
53. Ibid., p. 229.
54. Wilton and Telberg, Last Days of the Romanovs, p. 213.
55. Wilson, ‘Separation and Uncertainty’, no. 28, p. 114.
56. Bulygin, Murder of the Romanovs, p. 230; Botkin, Real Romanovs, p. 207.
57. Ibid., p. 208.
58. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, pp. 101–2.
59. Buchanan, Queen Victoria’s Relations, p. 231.
60. Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, pp. 68–9.
61. Ibid., p. 71.
62. Bulygin, Murder of the Romanovs, p. 230; Nicholas [Gibbes], ‘Ten Years’, p. 14.
63. Rodionov remained in Ekaterinburg to help organize the guard at the Ipatiev House. According to Plotnikov, Gibel tsarskoy semi, pp. 195, 475–6, most of the seventy-two-man escort to Ekaterinburg were Latvian chekists. Rodionov went on to work for the NKVD in the 1930s.
64. Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, p. 73.
65. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 269.
66. Speranski, ‘La Maison’, pp. 158–9.
67. Ibid., pp. 159–60, 161.
68. Ibid., p. 161.
69. Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, p. 104; Nicholas [Gibbes], ‘Ten Years’, p. 14.
Twenty-two – Prisoners of the Ural Regional Soviet
1. Dnevniki II, p. 438.
2. Ibid.
3. LD, p. 157.
4. Dnevniki II, p. 427.
5. Ibid., p. 458.
6. Quoted in ibid., p. 456.
7. LD, p. 137.
8. Ibid., p. 151.
9. Dnevniki II, p. 487.
10. Dnevniki:, p. 475.
11. LD, p. 159; Dnevniki II, p. 465.
12. LD, p. 194.
13. Dnevniki, p. 469; LD, p. 163.
14. See LD, 27 May, 10 June, pp. 148, 162.
15. Ibid., pp. 169, 170; Dnevniki II, p. 479.
16. Ibid., p. 490; LD, p. 175.
17. Testimony of Alexander Strekotin, in Zhuk, Ispoved tsareubiits, p. 450; Testimony of Alexey Kabanov, in ibid, p. 129; see also p. 144.
18. Speranski, ‘La Maison’, p. 164.
19. Testimony of Alexander Strekotin in Zhuk, Ispoved tsareubiits, p. 446 and variant of this on p. 450.
20. Dnevniki II, p. 497.
21. LD, p. 175.
22. ‘The 90th Birthday of A. E. Portnoff’, accessible @: http://www.holyres.org/en/?p=223
23. Peter Hudd (Hudiakovsky), taped reminiscences, University of Illinois at Springfield Archives, accessible @: http://www.uis.edu/archives/memoirs/HUDD.pdf
24. Shoumatoff, Russian Blood, p. 142.
25. Peter Hudd (Hudiakovsky), taped reminiscences, University of Illinois at Springfield Archives, accessible @: http://www.uis.edu/archives/memoirs/HUDD.pdf
26. Ibid.
27. Storozhev’s testimony, in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, p. 98.
28. Ibid., p. 100; Shoumatoff, Russian Blood, p. 142.
29. ‘Kak eto bylo’, Tientsin Evening Journal, Russian edition, 17 July 1948, front page.
30. Speranski, ‘La Maison’, p. 119. See also Starodumova statement in Ross, Gibel tsarskoy semi, pp. 81–2.
31. Speranksi, ‘La Maison’, p. 120.
32. Statement of Pavel Medvedev, in Radzinsky, Last Tsar, p. 336.
33. Shoumatoff, Russian Blood, p. 142.
34. Christie’s catalogue, 29 November 2012, lot 116. Card sent from Tobolsk, 29 March 1918.
Epilogue – Victims of Repressions
1. Dnevniki II, p. 572.
2. See Alexei Volkov, Souvenirs d’Alexis Volkov (Paris: Payot, 1928); translated extracts can be found in Zeepvat, ‘Valet’s Story’.
3. Demidova’s diary can be found at: GARF f. 601. Op. 1. D. 211. It was published in Munich in Veche. Nezavisimyi ruskii almanakh, 1989, no. 36, pp. 182–92. For the fate of her Romanov memorabilia, see http://www.ogoniok.com/archive/1916/4461/30-40-42.
4. For the experiences of Gibbes, Gilliard and Buxhoeveden after their separation from the Romanov family, see Trewin, Tutor to the Tsarevich, Gilliard, Thirteen Years and Buxhoeveden, Left Behind.
5. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, p. 274. Gibbes brought the glass chandelier back with him to England. It was for a while kept in his chapel in Oxford, and then was taken with the rest of the Gibbes collection of Romanov memorabilia to Luton Hoo, until this country house was sold off and developed into a hotel. Its present whereabouts is uncertain.
6. See Buxhoeveden, Before the Storm, Life and Tragedy and Left Behind.
7. Shoumatoff, Russian Blood, p. 142.
8. In emigration in Harbin, Anatole Portnoff (see note 22, chapter 22) sang in Father Storozhev’s choir. Private information.
9. Private information.
10. See web site @: http://rt.com/news/members-of-russia-s-royal-family-rehabilitated/
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