The Romanov Sisters

by Helen Rappaport

  Youth’s Companion

  Digital Newspaper and Historical Archives

  Alexander Palace Time Machine

  Newspaperarchive.com

  19th-century UK Periodicals, British Library

  19th-century Newspapers, British Library

  New York Times Digital Archive

  Papers Past, New Zealand

  Proquest British Periodicals

  Proquest Periodicals Archive

  Proquest Periodicals Index

  Royal Russia News Archive

  The Times Digital Archive

  Trove Digitised Newspapers

  Washington Post Digital Archive

  PRIMARY SOURCES

  1. Romanov Family Letters and Diaries

  In the continuing absence of any complete collected editions, letters and diaries by OTMA are scattered over a wide range of sources.

  Alferev, E. E., Pisma svyatykh tsarstvennykh muchenikov iz zatocheniya, St Petersburg: Spaso-Preobrazhenskogo Valaamskogo monastyrya, 1998, 3rd edn, revised and enlarged.

  Baker, Raegan, ed., 1913 Diary of Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaievna, trans. Marina Petrov, Ontario: Gilbert’s Royal Books, 2008.

  Bing, Edward J., The Secret Letters of the Last Tsar: Being the Confidential Correspondence between Tsar Nicholas II and the Dowager Empress Marie, New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1938.

  Bokhanov, Alexander, Aleksandra Feodorovna, Moscow: Veche, 2008 [letters written March 1917 to April 1918, pp. 276–352].

  Bokhanov, Alexander et al., The Romanovs: Love, Power and Tragedy, London: Leppi Publications, 1993.

  Bonetskaya, N. K., Tsarskie deti, Moscow: Izdatelstvo Sretenskogog Monastyrya, 2004.

  Brewster, Hugh, Anastasia’s Album, London: Little Brown, 1996.

  Eugénie de Grèce, Le Tsarévitch, enfant martyre, Paris: Perrin, 1990 [Alexey’s letters and diaries 1916–1918; OTMA’s letters 1918].

  Fjellman, Margit, Louise Mountbatten, Queen of Sweden, London: Allen & Unwin, 1968 [Appendix: Letters from the Russian Imperial Family, pp. 222–8].

  Foman, S. V., Skorbnyi angel; tsaritsa-muchenitsa Alexandra Feodorovna, novaya v pismakh, dnevnikakh i vospominaniyakh, Moscow: S. F. Fomin, 2005.

  Fuhrman, Joseph T., ed., The Complete Wartime Correspondence of Tsar Nicholas II and the Empress Alexandra, April 1914–March 1917, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

  Galushkin, N. V., Sobstvennyi ego imperatorskogo velichestva konvoy, Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2008.

  Goncharenko, Oleg, Pisma tsarskoy semi iz zatocheniya, new edn, Moscow: Veche, 2013.

  Ioann Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, letters to his family, in Rossisskii arkhiv: Istoriya otechestva v svidetelstvakh i dokumentakh, Moscow: Studiya TRITE, vol. XV, 2007, pp. 392, 419–20, 435–6.

  Khrustalev, V. M., ed., Dnevniki Nikolaya II i Imperatritsy Aleksandry Fedorovny, 1917–1918, 2 vols, Moscow: Vagrius, 2008.

  Kleinpenning, Petra H., ed., The Correspondence of the Empress Alexandra of Russia with Ernst Ludwig and Eleonore, Grand Duke and Duchess of Hesse, 1878–1916, Norderstedt: Herstellung und Verlag, 2010.

  Korshunova, T. V., et al., Pisma prepodobnomuchenitsy velikoi knyagini Elizavety Feodorovny, Moscow: Pravoslavnoe Sestrichestvo vo Imya Prepodobnomuchenitsy, 2011.

  Kozlov, V. A. and Khrustalev, V. M., The Last Diary of Tsaritsa Alexandra, intro. Robert K. Massie, London: Yale University Press, 1997.

  Kudrina, Yu V., Imperatritsa Mariya Feodorovna: Dnevniki, pisma, vospominaniya, Moscow: Olma-Press, 2001.

  Kuhnt, Lotte Hoffmann, Briefe der Zarin von Russland an ihre Jugendfreundin Toni Becker (1887–94), Norderstedt: Herstellung und Verlag, 2009.

  Kulikovsky, Paul et al., 25 Chapters of My Life, Forres: Librario Publishing, 2009.

  Lichnevsky, M., Lettres des Grands Ducs à Nicholas, Paris: Payot, 1926.

  McLees, Nectaria, Divnyi svet, Moscow: Palomnik, 1998.

  Maliyutin, A. Yu., Tsesarevich: dokumenty, vospominaniya, fotografii, Moscow: Vagrius, 1998.

  Mandache, Diana, Dearest Missy, Falkopin: Rosvall Royal Books, 2010.

  Maylunas, Andrei and Sergei Mironenko, A Lifelong Passion: Nicholas and Alexandra, Their Own Story, New York: Doubleday, 1997.

  Mironenko, S. V., ed., Dnevniki imperatora Nikolaya II 1894–1918, vol. 1, 1894–1904, Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2011.

  Olivier Coutau-Begari, sale catalogue [in French], 14 November 2007 [autograph letters by Alexandra, Olga, Maria and Tatiana sent from Tobolsk October 1917–May 1918], accessible @: http://tinyurl.com/culcvbq

  Nepein, Igor, Pered rasstrelom: Poslednie pisma tsarskoi semi … 1917–18, Omsk: Knizhnoe Isdatelstvo, 1992.

  Nicholas II, Dnevnik Nikolaya Romanova [1913–18], Moscow: Zakharov, 2007.

  Spreti, Heinrich, Graf von, ed., Alix an Gretchen, Breife der Zarin Alexandra Feodorovna an Freilin Margarethe v. Fabrice aus den Jahren 1891–1914, Germany: privately printed, 2002.

  Steinberg, Mark D. and Vladimir M. Khrustalev, The Fall of the Romanovs, London: Yale University Press, 1995.

  Syroboyarsky, General A. V., Skorbnaya pamyatka, 1918–17 July–1928, New York: privately printed, 1928.

  Tschebotarioff, Gregory P., Russia My Native Land, New York: McGraw Hill, 1964 [letters from Olga and Tatiana].

  Wilson, Rev. Terence A. MacLean, ‘Separation and Uncertainty’ – translated extracts from the Journal Intime de Nicolas, 1934, vol. II, and letters of the imperial family in exile (from Princess George of Greece, Le Tsaréevitch), covering April–May 1918, in Royalty Digest: A Journal of Record 3, nos. 25, 26, 27, 28, June–October, 1993.

  Zvereva, Nina, Avgusteishie sestry miloserdiya, Moscow: Veche, 2006.

  2. Memoirs, Diaries, Letters and Biographies Relating to the British and Russian Courts

  Alexander, Grand Duke, Once a Grand Duke, New York: Garden City Publishing, 1932.

  Almedingen, E. M., The Empress Alexandra 1872–1918, London: Hutchinson, 1961.

  Anon. [Albert Stopford], The Russian Diary of an Englishman, Petrograd, 1915–1917, London: Heinemann, 1919.

  Anon. [Rebecca Insley Casper], Intimacies of Court and Society: An Unconventional Narrative of Unofficial Days by the Widow of an American Diplomat, New York: Dodd Mead, 1912.

  Bariatinsky, Princess Anatole Marie, My Russian Life, London: Hutchinson, 1923.

  Benkendorff, Pavel Konstantinovich, Last Days at Tsarskoe Selo, London: Heinemann, 1927.

  Bogdanovich, A. V., Tri poslednykh samoderzhtsa, Moscow: Novosti, 1990.

  Botkin, Gleb, The Real Romanovs, London: Putnam, 1932.

  Buchanan, Sir George, My Mission to Russia, vol 1, London: Cassell, 1923.

  Buchanan, Meriel, Diplomacy and Foreign Courts, London: Hutchinson, 1928.

  —– The Dissolution of an Empire, London: John Murray, 1932.

  —– ‘The Grand Duchess Olga Nicholaievna’, in Queen Victoria’s Relations, London: Cassell, 1954.

  —– Ambassador’s Daughter, London: Cassell, 1958.

  Bulygin, Captain Paul, The Murder of the Romanovs, London: Hutchinson, 1935.

  Buxhoeveden, Baroness Sophie, The Life and Tragedy of Alexandra Fyodorovna, London: Longmans, Green, 1928.

  —– Left Behind: Fourteen Months in Russia During the Revolution, London: Longmans, Green, 1929.

  —– Before the Storm, London: Macmillan, 1938.

  Chebotareva, Valentina, ‘V dvortsovom lazarete v Tsarskom Sele: Dnevnik 14 Iyuliya 1915–5 Yanuarya 1918’, in Novyi Zhurnal 181, 1990, pp. 173–243 and 182, 1990, pp. 202–72.

  Collier, Mary, A Victorian Diarist: Extracts from the Journals of Mary, Lady Monkswell, London: John Murray, 1944.

  Dehn, Lili, The Real Tsaritsa, London: Thornton Butterworth, 1922.

  Demidova, Anna, ‘Iz dnevnika A. S. Demidovoi’, in O. T. Kovalevskaya, S tsarem i za tsarya: Muchenicheskii venets tsarskikh slug, Moscow: Russkii Khronograf, 2008, pp. 56–70.

  Duff, David, Hessian Tapestry, London: David & Charles, 1979.

  De Stoeckl, Agnes, Not All Vanity, London: John Murray, 1951
.

  —– My Dear Marquis, London: John Murray, 1952.

  Durland, Kellogg, Royal Romances of To-day, New York: Duffield, 1911.

  Eagar, Margaretta, Six Years at the Russian Court, Bowmanville, Ont.: Gilbert’s Books, [1906], with an introduction by Charlotte Zeepvat, 2011.

  Elton, Renee Maud, One Year at the Russian Court 1904–1905, London: John Lane, 1918.

  Eulalia, Infanta of Spain, Court Life from Within, New York: Dodd, Mead, 1915.

  Fabritsky, S. S., Iz proshlogo: Vospminaniya fligel-adyutanta gosudarya imperatora Nikolai II, Berlin: n.p., 1926.

  Fulford, Roger, ed., Darling Child: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the German Crown Princess, 1871–1878, London: Evans Brothers, 1976.

  —– Beloved Mama: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the German Crown Princess, 1878–1885, London: Evans Brothers, 1981.

  Galitzine, Princess Nicholas, Spirit to Survive: Memoirs of Princess Nicholas Galitzine, London: William Kimber, 1976.

  Gavriil Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, Memories in the Marble Palace, Bowmanville, Ont.: Gilbert’s Books, 2009.

  Gilliard, Pierre, Thirteen Years at the Russian Court, London: Hutchinson, 1921.

  Girardin, Daniel, Précepteur des Romanov, Lausanne: Actes Sud, 2005.

  Grabbe, Paul and Beatrice Grabbe, eds, The Private World of the Last Tsar, London: Collins, 1985.

  Gromov, A. M., My Recollections through Fifty Years: Recollections of an Artisan Worker of the Winter Palace … 1879–1929, ed. and trans. Stephen R. de Angelis, Sunnyvale, CA: Bookemon, 2009.

  Harcave, Sidney, ed., The Memoirs of Count Witte, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1990.

  Helena Augusta Victoria and Karl Sell, Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse, London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1885.

  Hibbert, Christopher, Queen Victoria in Her Letters and Journals, London: Viking, 1984.

  Hough, Richard, Louis and Victoria: The First Mountbattens, London: Hutchinson, 1974.

  —– Advice to a Granddaughter: Letters from Queen Victoria to Princess Victoria of Hesse, London: Heinemann, 1975.

  —– Mountbatten: Hero of Our Time, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

  Iswolsky, Helene, No Time to Grieve, Philadelphia, PA: Winchell, 1985.

  Kalinin, Nikolay and Marina Zemlyachenko, ‘Taina Velikoi Knyazhny’, ch. 8 of Romanovy i Krym, Simferopol: Biznes-Inform, pp. 237–64.

  Kamarovskaya, E., Vospominaniya, Moscow: Zaharov, 2003.

  Kleinmikhel, Countess, Memories of a Shipwrecked World, London: Brentano’s, 1923.

  Kokovtsov, Graf V. N., Iz moego proshlago: Vospominaniya 1903–1919 gg., 2 vols, Paris: Mouton, 1933.

  Kovalevskaya, O. T., S tsarem i za tsarya: Muchenicheskii venets tsarskikh slug, Moscow: Russkii Khronograf, 2008.

  Lutyens, Mary, ed., Lady Lytton’s Court Diary, London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1961.

  Marie, Queen of Romania, The Story of My Life, New York: Scribner’s, 1934.

  Marie Pavlovna, Grand Duchess, Things I Remember, London: Cassell, 1930.

  Markov, Sergey, Pokinutaya tsarskaya semya, 1917–18, Tsarskoe Selo–Tobolsk–Ekaterinburg, Moscow: Palomnik, 2002.

  Melnik-Botkina, Tatiana, Vospominaniya o tsarskoi seme, Moscow: Zakharov, 2009.

  Mossolov, A. A., At the Court of the Last Tsar, London: Methuen, 1935.

  Naryshkin-Kurakin, Elizaveta, Under Three Tsars, New York: E. P. Dutton, 1931.

  Noel, Gerard, Princess Alice: Queen Victoria’s Forgotten Daughter, London: Michael Russell, 1974.

  Paléologue, Maurice, An Ambassador’s Memoirs 1914–1917, London: Hutchinson, 1973.

  Paoli, Xavier, My Royal Clients, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1911.

  Poore, Judith, The Memoirs of Emily Loch, Discretion in Waiting, Forres, Moray: Librario Publishing, 2007.

  Popov, K., Vospominaniya kavkazskogo grenadera, 1914–1920, Belgrade: Russkaya Tipografiya, 1925.

  Radziwill, Catherine, The Taint of the Romanovs, London: Cassell, 1931.

  Ramm, Agatha, ed., Beloved & Darling Child: Last Letters Between Queen Victoria & Her Eldest Daughter 1886–1901, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1990.

  Ross, Nikolay, Gibel tsarskoy semi, Frankfurt am Main: Posev, 1987.

  Sablin, Nikolay, Desyat let na imperatorskoi yakhte ‘Shtandart’, St Petersburg: Petronius, 2008.

  Sazonov, Serge, The Fateful Years 1906–1916, London: Jonathan Cape, 1928.

  Speranski, Valentin, ‘La Maison à destination spéciale’: La tragédie d’Ekaterinenbourg, Paris: J. Ferenczi & Fils, 1929.

  Spiridovich, Alexandre, Les Dernières années de la court de Tsarskoe Selo, 2 vols, Paris: Payot, 1928.

  —– Last Years of the Court at Tsarskoe Selo, Bowmanville, Ont.: Gilbert’s Books, 2010.

  Trewin, J. C., Tutor to the Tsarevich: Charles Sydney Gibbes, London: Macmillan, 1975.

  Tyutcheva, Sofya, ‘Za neskolko let do katastrofy, Vospominaniya’, @ http://bib.rus.ec/b/327889/read

  Vassili, Paul, Behind the Veil at the Russian Court, London: Cassell, 1913.

  Virubova [Vyrubova], Anna, Keisarinnan Hovineiti, Helsinki: Otava, 1987.

  Volkov, A. a., Okolo tsarskoy semi, Moscow: Chastnaya Firma ‘Ankor’, 1993.

  Vorres, Ian, The Last Grand Duchess, London: Hutchinson, 1964.

  Vyrubova, Anna, Memories of the Russian Court, New York: Macmillan, 1923.

  —– Romanov Family Album, London: Allen Lane, 1982.

  W. B. [a Russian], Russian Court Memoirs, 1914–1916, London: Herbert Jenkins, 1917.

  Wheeler, Post and Hallie Erminie Rives, Dome of Many Coloured Glass, New York: Doubleday, 1955.

  Woronoff, Olga, Upheaval, New York: G. P. Putnam’s, 1932.

  Zimin, Igor, Detskiy mir imperatorskikh rezidentsii. Povsednevnaya zhizn rossiiskogo imperatorskogo dvora, St Petersburg: Tsentropoligraf, 2010.

  3. Newspaper and Magazine Articles

  ‘Alien’s Letter from England: Cowes Regatta Week’, Otago Witness, 29 September 1909.

  ‘Autocrat of the Nursery’, 20 June 1912 and ‘Forming the Tsarevitch’s Character’, 11 July 1912, Youth’s Companion 86, 1912, pp. 330, 356.

  Belloc, Marie, ‘Her Imperial Majesty the Czarina of Russia’, Woman at Home, February 1895, pp. 427–33.

  Biddle, Winthrop, ‘The Czar and His Family’, Munsey’s Magazine LI, February 1914, no. 1, pp. 3–5.

  ‘Camera Bug to Czar Nicholas Photograph Album of G. N. Taube’, Life Magazine 72, 9 June 1972, pp. 69–70.

  Cherkashin, Nikolay, ‘Knyazhna i michman: istoriya poslednei lyubvi docheri Nikolaya II’, Rossiiskaya gazeta, no. 3336, 1 November 2003, @: http://www.rg.ru/2003/11/01/olga.html

  Chernavin, T., ‘The Home of the Last Tsar’, Slavonic and East European Review 17, 1938–9, pp. 659–67.

  ‘The Children of the Tsar’, The Scrap-Book 5, part 1, January–June 1908, p. 60.

  ‘Children Without a Smile’, Washington Post, 28 May 1905.

  ‘The Czar at Home’, Harper’s Weekly 48, 17 September 1904, pp. 143–5.

  ‘The Czarina’, Canadian Magazine 19, May–October 1902, pp. 301–4.

  ‘Daughters of Royal Houses: The Grand-duchess Olga of Russia’, Woman’s Life 68 no. 6, 27 March 1897, pp. 81–2.

  Demidova, Anna, ‘Dnevnik 1917’, Veche: nezavisimyi russkii almanakh, Munich, 1989, no. 36, pp. 182–92.

  Dubensky, Major-General, ‘With the Tsar and Tsarevitch at the Front’, 20th Century Russia and Anglo-Russian Review, October 1916, pp. 31–3.

  Eagar, Margaretta, ‘Christmas at the Court of the Tsar’, Quiver, January 1906, pp. 26–30.

  —– ‘Further Glimpses of the Tsaritsa’s Little Girls’, Girl’s Own Paper and Woman’s Magazine vol. XXX, 1909, pp. 366–7.

  —– ‘More about the Little Grand Duchesses of Russia’, Girl’s Own Paper and Woman’s Magazine vol. XXX, 1909, pp. 535–5.

  [Eagar, Margaretta] ‘The Russian Court in Summer’, The Star [Christchurch, NZ], 30 September 1905, reprinted from Woman at Home.
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br />   Erdeli, Margarita [Rita Khitrovo], ‘Razyasnenie o moei poezdke v Tobolsk’, Dvuglavyi orel 30, no. 1, (14) May 1922, pp. 6–11.

  Farson, Daniel, ‘Au Pieds de l’Impératrice’, Wheeler’s Review 27, no. 3, 1983, pp. 14–18.

  Foster Fraser, Sir John, ‘Side Shows in Armageddon’, Harper’s Monthly, January 1919, pp. 264–9.

  ‘Four Little Maids: Home Life of the Children in the Royal Family of Russia’, Delphos Daily Herald (Ohio, USA), 16 July 1901.

  Gelardi, Julia P., ‘Carol & Olga: “They must decide for themselves”’, Royalty Digest X, no. 2, August 2000, pp. 50–7.

  Geraschinevsky, Michael Z., ‘The Ill-Fated Children of the Tsar’, Scribner’s Magazine 65, no. 2, February 1919, pp 158–76.

  Gibbes, ‘Ten Years’, see Nicholas, Very Revd Archimandrite, below.

  Hall, Coryne, ‘The Tsar’s Visit to Cowes’, Royalty Digest VI no. 2, August 1996, pp. 39–42.

  —– ‘“No Bombs, No Bandits”. Holidays in Finland’, part 2, Royalty Digest 144, June 2003, pp. 360–5.

  —– ‘Why Can Other Boys Have Everything…?’, European Royal History Journal, June 2004, pp. 3–7.

  —– ‘The Tsar’s Floating Palace: The Shtandart’, European Royal History Journal LXXXII, August 2011, pp. 23–30.

  Hapgood, Isabel, ‘Russia’s Czarina’, Harper’s Bazaar 40, February 1906, pp. 103–9.

  Harris, Carolyn, ‘The Succession Prospects of Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna (1895–1918)’, Canadian Slavonic Papers LIV, nos 1–2, March–June 2012, pp. 61–84.

  Helena, Princess of Serbia, ‘I Was at Ekaterinburg’, Atlantis Magazine: In the Court of Memory 1, no. 3, 1999, pp. 78–92.

  Henninger, Griffith, ‘“To Lessen Their Suffering”: A Brief History of the Empress Alexandra’s War Relief Organizations, July 23 1914–March 2 1919’, unpublished paper, Southern Conference of Slavic Studies, Savannah, 30 March 2012.

  Hodgetts, Bradley, ‘The Czar of Russia at Home, Minute Picture of Court Life at St. Petersburg During the Last Century’, Cassell’s Magazine 30, September 1904, pp. 342–3.

  ‘How the Czar’s Five Children Live in the Shadow of Death’, Current Literature 53, December 1912, pp. 642–6.

  ‘How the Czarina’s Superstitions Helped to Bring the Russian Revolution’, Current Opinion 69, September 1920, pp. 358–60.

  ‘How the Russian Censor Works’, Strand Magazine 29, no. 170, 1905, pp. 206–16.