Africa
Page 153
Malaysia ref1
Malecela, John ref1
Mali ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21
agriculture ref1, ref2
aid ref1, ref2
China ref1
civil war ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
coups ref1, ref2, ref3
drought ref1
IMF/World Bank ref1
NMLA ref1
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3
terrorism ref1, ref2
Malloum, Félix ref1
Maltitz, Dr A. A. ref1
Mancham, James ref1
Manchester Guardian ref1, ref2
Mandela, Grace (formerly Machel) ref1
Mandela, Nelson ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31
Mandela, Winnie ref1, ref2, ref3
Mangope, Chief Lucas ref1, ref2, ref3
Mao Zedong ref1
Manley, Michael ref1
Manuel, Trevor ref1, ref2, ref3
Margai, Sir Milton ref1
Marques, Silvino Silveiro ref1
Masire, Quett Ketumile Joni ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Massamba-Debat, Alphonse ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Matanzima, Paramount Chief
Kaiser ref1, ref2, ref3
Matenji, Dick ref1
Matiba, Kenneth ref1
Matthews, Joe ref1
Matthews, Z. K. ref1
Mau Mau rebellion ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Mau Mau in Action (Itote) ref1
Mauritania ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
coups ref1, ref2
independence ref1
Islam ref1
mineral wealth ref1
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3
population ref1, ref2
refugees ref1
slavery ref1
terrorism ref1
Western Sahara ref1, ref2
Mauritius ref1, ref2, ref3
debt ref1
independence ref1
trade unions ref1
Mazrui, Ali ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Mbasogo, Teodoro Obiang Nguema ref1
Mbeki, Moeletsi ref1, ref2
Mbeki, Thabo ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
Mboya, Tom ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Medegrhi, Ahmed ref1
Meir, Golda ref1
Melly, Paul ref1
Mendes-France, Pierre ref1
Menezes, Fradique de ref1
Mengistu Haile Mariam ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
mercenaries, use of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17
Michel, Louis ref1, ref2
Micombero, Michel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
migration ref1
Milingo, André ref1
Miller, John ref1
mineral wealth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35, ref36, ref37, ref38, ref39, ref40, ref41, ref42, ref43, ref44, ref45
Minter, William ref1
al-Mirghani, Sayyid ref1, ref2, ref3
Mitchell, Sir Philip ref1
Mitterand, François ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Mnangagwa, Emmerson ref1
Mobutu (Mobutu Sese Seko), Joseph-Désiré ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34
Mogae, Festus ref1
Mohammed, Ali Mahdi ref1, ref2, ref3
Mohammed V, King ref1
Mohammed VI, King ref1
Moi, Daniel arap ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Mokaba, Peter ref1
Mokhehle, Ntsu ref1, ref2
Mollet, Guy ref1
Momoh, Joseph Saida ref1, ref2, ref3
Monckton Report ref1
Mondale, Walter ref1
Monde, Le ref1
Mondlane, Dr Eduardo ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Monrovia ref1
Monson, Sir Leslie ref1
Montgomery, Bernard Law ref1
More Help for the Poorest ref1
Moreira, Dr Adriano ref1
Morgan, Mohammed Siyad Hersi ref1
Morocco ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20
Arab Spring ref1, ref2
China ref1
independence ref1, ref2, ref3
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Western Sahara ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Morris, James ref1
Morsi, Mohammed ref1, ref2
Mosala, Leonard ref1
Moshoeshoe, King ref1
Mostert, Anton ref1
Mova, Henri ref1
Moyo, Jonathan ref1
Moyo, Nkosana ref1
Mozambique ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
aid ref1, ref2
Cabora Bassa Dam ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
China ref1
civil war ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Commonwealth ref1
corruption ref1
debt ref1
education ref1
independence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
war ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
OAU ref1, ref2
population ref1
Mpolo, Maurice ref1
Mr Prime Minister (Awolowo) ref1
Msuya, Cleopa ref1
Mubarak, Hosni ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Mudge, Dirk ref1
Mugabe, Robert ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24
Muhammed, Murtala ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Mukumba, Kinbiey ref1
Mulamba, Leonard ref1
Mulder, Connie ref1, ref2
Mulele, Pierre ref1, ref2, ref3
Muliro, Masinde ref1
Muller, Hilgard ref1
Muller, Louwrens ref1
Muluzi, Bakili ref1
Muntasser, Mahmud ref1
Murumbi, Joe ref1
Museveni, Yoweri ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Muslim Brotherhood ref1, ref2
Mutasa, Didymus ref1
Muwango, Paulo ref1
Muyango, Mishake ref1
Muzorewa, Abel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Mwambutsa IV, King ref1, ref2
Mwanawasa, Levy ref1
Mwanke, Augustin Katumba ref1
Mwinyi, Ali Hassan ref1, ref2
N
Namibia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
agriculture ref1
DRC ref1, ref2
guerrilla war ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
independence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
mineral wealth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
name change ref1
population ref1
South Africa ref1, ref2
UN ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
see also South West Africa
Nasser, Gamal Abdul ref1, ref2, ref3, re
f4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
NATO ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Ndadaye, Melchior ref1, ref2
Ndele, Albert ref1
Ndong, Atanasio ref1
Nduwayo, Antonio ref1
negritude ref1, ref2
Neguib, Muhammad ref1
Nendaka, Victor ref1, ref2
NEPAD ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Netanyahu, Benjamin ref1
Netherlands ref1, ref2, ref3
Neto, Dr Agostinho ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Neves, José Maria ref1
New Africa Initiative (NAI) ref1
New International Economic Order see NIEO
New Partnership for Africa’s development see NEPAD
New Societies of Tropical Africa, The ref1
New Statesman ref1
New York Times ref1, ref2, ref3
Newsom, David ref1
Newsweek ref1, ref2
Ng’weno, Hilary ref1
Ngala, Ronald ref1, ref2, ref3
Ngouai, Marien ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Nguema, Francisco Macias ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
NIEO ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Niger ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17
agriculture ref1
aid ref1
drought ref1, ref2
independence ref1
Mali ref1
terrorism ref1
mineral wealth ref1, ref2
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3
strikes ref1
Mali ref1
terrorism ref1
Nigeria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22
Boko Haram ref1, ref2
China, ref1 ref2
civil war ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
corruption ref1, ref2
coups ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
debt ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Delta War ref1, ref2
ECOWAS ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
education ref1
exports ref1
expulsions ref1, ref2, ref3
independence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
informal economy ref1
IMF ref1
Mali ref1
manufacturing ref1
mineral wealth ref1
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
oil ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
population ref1
religious problems ref1, ref2, ref3
see also Biafra
Nigeria’s Civil War (Perham) ref1
Nigerian Citizen ref1
Nigerian Tribune ref1
Nile River ref1
Nimeiri, Gaafar Mohammed ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Nixon, Richard ref1
Njonjo, Charles ref1, ref2
Nkoma, John ref1
Nkomo, Joshua ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14
Nkrumah, Kwame ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35, ref36, ref37, ref38, ref39
Nkumbula, Harry ref1
Nkurunziza, François Xavier ref1
Nkurunziza, Pierre ref1, ref2
Noel-Baker, Philip ref1
Nogueira, Dr Franco ref1, ref2
Nokwe, Duma ref1
non-aligned movement ref1
Norman, Dennis ref1
Norway ref1
Notre Voie ref1
Novira, Hedi ref1
Nqakula, Charles ref1
Ntaryamira, Cyprien ref1, ref2
Ntibantunganga, Sylvestre ref1
Ntwane V, King ref1
Nujoma, Sam ref1, ref2, ref3
Nyasaland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Central African Federation ref1, ref2
independence ref1, ref2
World War II ref1
see also Malawi
Nyerere, Julius ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35, ref36, ref37
Nzali, Mohamed ref1
Nzeogwu, Kaduna ref1
Nzo, Alfred 79203
Nzongola-Ntalaja, George ref1
O
O’Brien, Connor Cruise ref1
Oakley, Robert ref1
OAU (Organisation of African Unity) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25
Algeria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Angola ref1, ref2, ref3
Arab states ref1
Botswana ref1
Burundi ref1, ref2
Cameroon ref1, ref2, ref3
Central African Republic ref1, ref2, ref3
Chad ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Comoros ref1
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)/DRC/Zaïre ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Congo (Leopoldville) ref1
Côte d’Ivoire ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Dahomey ref1, ref2, ref3
debt ref1
Djibouti ref1
Eritrea ref1
Ethiopia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Gabon ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Ghana ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Guinea ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese Guinea) ref1, ref2, ref3
Israel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Kenya ref1
Liberia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Libya ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Madagascar ref1, ref2, ref3
Mali ref1, ref2, ref3
Mauritania ref1, ref2, ref3
Morocco ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Mozambique ref1, ref2
Niger ref1, ref2, ref3
Nigeria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Palestine ref1
Rhodesia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Rwanda ref1, ref2
sanctions ref1
Senegal ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Sierra Leone ref1, ref2
Somalia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Sudan ref1, ref2, ref3
South Africa/Namibia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
South West Africa ref1
Sudan ref1, ref2, ref3
Tanganyika ref1, ref2, ref3
Togo ref1, ref2, ref3
Tunisia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Uganda ref1, ref2
United Arab Republic ref1
Upper Volta ref1, ref2, ref3
Western Sahara ref1, ref2
What Kind of Africa ref1
see also African Union (AU)
Obama, Barack ref1
Obasanjo, Olusegun ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17
Obiang, Teodoro ref1
Obote, Milton ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Observer ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Ocran, Albert Kwesi ref1
Oda, Pierre ref1
Odinga, Oginga ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Odinga, Raila ref1
Ogilvie Thompson, Julian ref1
oil ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Algeria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Angola ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Cameroon ref1
Chad ref1, ref2
Congo (Brazzaville) ref1, ref2, ref3
DRC ref1
Gabon ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Egypt ref1
Equatorial Guinea ref1, ref2
Iran ref1, ref2
Libya ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Nigeria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
OPEC ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
sanctions ref1, ref2
breaking of ref1
South Sudan ref1, ref2
Sudan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Tunisia ref1, ref2
US ref1
Ojukwu, Odumegwu ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Okello, John ref1, ref2
Okello, Tito ref1
Okigbo, Pius ref1
Okito, Joseph ref1
Okitundu, Leonard She ref1
Okonzo-Iweala, Ngozi ref1
Okotie-Eboh, Festus ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Olenga, Nicolas ref1
D’Oliveira, Basil ref1
Olympio, Sylvanus ref1, ref2, ref3
one-party states ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35
Oneko, Achieng ref1
Onusumba, Adolphe ref1, ref2
Onyango-Obbo, Charles ref1
OPEC ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
Oppenheimer, Ernest ref1
Oppenheimer, Harry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Organisation of African Unity see OAU
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries see OPEC
Orkar, Gideon ref1
Osman, Aden Abdulla ref1
Ouattara, Alassane ref1, ref2
Oubangi-Chari see Central African Republic
Oueddei, Goukoni ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Ouedraogo, Gerard ref1
Ouedrago, Jean-Baptiste ref1
Ouko, Robert ref1
Oumar, Achiek Ibn ref1
Oumarou, Ide ref1
Our Global Neighbourhood ref1, ref2, ref3
Ousmane, Cherif ref1
Owen, Dr David ref1
Oyite-Ojok, David ref1
P, Q
Padmore, George ref1, ref2
Palestine ref1, ref2, ref3
Palley, Dr Claire ref1
Pan-African Congress ref1, ref2
Sixth ref1, ref2, ref3
pan-Africanism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Pan Sahel Initiative (PSI) ref1
Paratus ref1
Paris Club ref1
Patassé, Ange-Félix ref1, ref2
Patricio, Dr Rui ref1
Pearce, Lord ref1, ref2
Pearce Commission ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4