by Bill Eddy
Age’ of Marcos,” New York Times, February 23, 2016, https://www.nytimes
.com/2016/02/24/world/asia/30-years- after- revolution- some- filipinos- yearn
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169. “Rodrigo Duterte Biography, ” thefamouspeople.com, retrieved on December 20, 2018, from https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/rodrigo-
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170. “Rodrigo Duterte Biography.”
171. Christopher Caldwell, “The Killa in Manila,” Weekly Standard, August 11,
2018, https://www.weeklystandard.com/christopher- caldwell/understanding
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172. Caldwell, “The Killa.”
173. Caldwell, “The Killa.”
174. Caldwell, “The Killa.”
175. Caldwell, “The Killa.”
176. Caldwell, “The Killa.”
177. Caldwell, “The Killa.”
178. Caldwell, “The Killa.”
179. Jon Lee Anderson, “Nicolas Maduro’s Accelerating Revolution,” New Yorker,
December 11, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/search/q/Accelerating
%20Revolution.
180. Anderson, “Maduro’s Revolution.”
Eddy_WhyWeElect.indd 187
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188 Notes
181. Eduardo Sanchez, “Maduro—Traits of a Paranoid Personality,” Center for
Conflict Studies: Leader Profiles, January 13, 2014, http://sites.miis.edu
/ccsprofilesofworldleaders/2014/01/13/maduro- traits- of- a-paranoid
- personality/.
182. Associated Press, “Venezuela’s Maduro: US Leads Assassination Plot against
Him,” New York Times, December 12, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/aponline
/2018/12/12/world/americas/ap- lt- venezuela- maduro.html.
183. Anderson, “Maduro’s Revolution.”
184. Associated Press, “Maduro’s Grip on Venezuela Tightens, Warns of Trump
Threat,” New York Times, December 9, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com
/aponline/2018/12/09/world/americas/ap- lt- venezuela- local- elections.html.
185. Anderson, “Maduro’s Revolution.”
186. Anderson, “Maduro’s Revolution.”
187. Alan Friedman, Berlusconi: The Epic Story of the Billionaire Who Took Over
Italy (New York: Hachette Books, 2015), loc. 31–33 of 703, iBooks.
188. Alan Friedman, Berlusconi, 50 of 703.
189. Friedman, 42–50. (All of these page numbers for Friedman are “of 703”.)
190. Friedman, 17.
191. The Local, “’Berlusconi Has a Personality Disorder,’” thelocal.it, November 27, 2013, https://www.thelocal.it/20131127/berlusconi- has- a-personality- disorder.
192. Friedman, 201–235.
193. Friedman, 548.
194. Michael Hirst, “Berlusconi Says He Is Like Jesus,” Telegraph, February 13,
2006, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/1510375
/Berlusconi- says- he- is- like- Jesus.html.
195. Friedman, 386.
196. Darien Pavli, “Berlusconi’s Chilling Effect on Italian Media,” Open Society
Foundations, March 30, 2010, https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org
/voices/berlusconi- s-chilling- effect- italian- media.
197. Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, How Democracies Die (New York: Crown
Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House, 2018), 105.
198. Levitsky and Ziblatt, How Democracies, 99–104.
199. Jeff Guin, The Road to Jonestown: Jim Jones and Peoples Temple (New York:
Simon and Schuster, 2017).
200. “Joseph McCarthy Biography,” Encyclopedia of World Biography, December
24, 2018, https://www.notablebiographies.com/Ma- Mo/McCarthy- Joseph
.html.
201. Editors, “McCarthy Says Communists Are in State Department, ” History.com,
December 13, 2018, https://www.history.com/this- day- in- history/mccarthy
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Eddy_WhyWeElect.indd 188
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Notes 189
202. Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History (New York: Penguin Group, 1983, 1991,
1997), 593.
203. Levitsky and Ziblatt, How Democracies, 140.
204. Levitsky and Ziblatt, 141.
205. Levitsky and Ziblatt, 102–03.
206. Vamik Volkan, Norman Itzkowitz, and Andrew Dod, Richard Nixon: A Psycho-
biography (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), 32–35.
207. Volkan, Richard Nixon, 91.
208. Volkan, 95.
209. Patrick Buchanan, The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose from
Defeat to Create the New Majority (New York: Crown Forum, an imprint of
Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House LLC, 2014), 119.
210. Robert Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger: Partners in Power (New York: Harper-
Collins Publishers, 2007), 66.
211. Volkan, Richard Nixon, 129.
212. Oscar Winberg, “When It Comes to Harassing the Media, Trump Is No Nixon,”
Washington Post, October 16, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news
/made- by- history/wp/2017/10/16/when- it- comes- to- harassing- the- media
- trump- is- no- nixon/?utm_term=.aa2323ceaf86.
213. Winberg, “Trump Is No Nixon.”
214. Paul Schwartzman and Michael Miller, “Confident. Incorrigible. Bully: Little
Donny Was a Lot Like Candidate Donald Trump,” Washington Post, June 22,
2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/young- donald- trump
- military- school/2016/06/22/f0b3b164-317c-11e6-8758-d58e76e11b12_story
.html?utm_term=.a28c307bb9e3.
215. Joseph Burgo, The Narcissist You Know: Defending Yourself against Extreme
Narcissists in an All- About- Me Age (New York: Touchstone, an imprint of
Simon and Schuster, 2015), loc. 502 of 757, iBooks.
216. Burgo, The Narcissist, loc. 510–511 of 757.
217. Woodward, Fear, loc. 27 of 210.
218. Julia Glum, “Some Republicans Still Think Obama Was Born in Kenya as
Trump Resurrects Birther Conspiracy Theory,” Newsweek, December 11, 2017,
https://www.newsweek.com/trump- birther- obama- poll- republicans- kenya
-744195.
219. John Sides, Michael Tesler and Lynn Vavreck, Identity Crisis: The 2016 Pres-
idential Campaign and the Battle for the Meaning of America (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 2018), loc. 1864 of 9466, Kindle.
220. David Brooks, “A Little Reality on Immigration,” New York Times, February 19,
2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/19/opinion/a- little- reality- on
- immigration.html.
Eddy_WhyWeElect.indd 189
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190 Notes
221. Time Staff, “Here’s Donald Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech,”
Time, June 16, 2015, http://time.com/3923128/donald- trump- announcement
- speech/.
222. Time, “Here’s Donald.”
223. Yoni Appelbaum, “’I Alone Can Fix It,’” Atlantic, July 21, 2016, https://www
.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/07/trump- rnc- speech- alone- fix- it
/492557/.
224. Time, “Here’s Donald.”
225. “Kaiser Health Tracking Poll: The Public’s Views on the ACA,” Kaiser Family
Foundation, November 28, 2018, https://www.kff.org/interactive/kaiser
- health- tracking- poll- the- publics- views- on- the- aca/#?response=
Favorable--Unfavorable&aRange=twoYear.
226. Jenna Johnson, “Trump’s Grand Promises to ‘Very,
Very Quickly’ Repeal
Obamacare Run into Reality,” Washington Post, July 18, 2017, https://www
.washingtonpost.com/politics/trumps- grand- promises- to- very- very- quickly
- repeal- obamacare- run- into- reality/2017/07/18/91b5f220-6bd3-11e7-9c15
-177740635e83_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.acdfc3b7221f.
227. Louis Jacobson, “Trump Says U.S. Pulling Out of Paris Climate Agreement,”
Politifact, June 1, 2017, https://www.politifact.com/truth- o-meter/promises
/trumpometer/promise/1379/cancel- paris- climate- agreement/.
228. Woodward, Fear, 1037 of 1354.
229. Glenn Thrush, “Trump Claims Nafta Victory but Deal Faces Long Odds in
U.S.,” New York Times, November 30, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018
/11/30/us/trump- nafta- usmca- signing.html.
230. Stanley B. Greenberg, “Trump Is Beginning to Lose His Grip,” New York Times,
Nov. 17, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/17/opinion/sunday/trump
- is- beginning- to- lose- his- grip.html.
231. David Wasserman, “2016 National Popular Vote Tracker, Cook Report.”
Retrieved on 12/15/18 from https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d
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=true#gid=19.
232. “Voting and Registration in the Election of 2016,” United States Census
Bureau, May 2017, https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time- series/demo
/voting- and- registration/p20-580.html.
233. Sides, Identity Crisis, 1844 of 9466. (All of these page numbers for Sides are “of
9466.”)
234. Sides, 3226.
235. Sides, 3417.
236. Samara Klar and Yanna Krupnikov, “How to Win Swing Voters (and How to
Lose Them),” New York Times, October 17, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com
/2018/10/17/opinion/midterms- independents- swing- voters-.html.
Eddy_WhyWeElect.indd 190
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Notes 191
237. Samara Klar and Yanna Krupnikov, Independent Politics: How American Dis-
dain for Parties Leads to Political Inaction (New York: Cambridge University
Press, 2016), 7.
238. Klar and Krupnikov, “Swing Voters.”
239. Sides, Identity Crisis, 2401.
240. Sides, 3394.
241. David Leonhardt, “Voter Suppression Is No Excuse,” New York Times, October
9, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/09/opinion/voter- suppression-
minorities- republican- party-.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fop
inion- columnists.
242. Michael D. Shear and Thomas Gibbons- Neff, “Trump Sending 5,200 Troops
to the Border in an Election- Season Response to Migrants,” New York Times,
October 29, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/29/us/politics/border
- security- troops- trump.html?module=inline.
243. Shear, “Trump Sending.”
244. Maggie Haberman and Mark Landler, “A Week After the Midterms, Trump
Seems to Forget the Caravan,” New York Times, Nov. 7, 2018, https://www
.nytimes.com/2018/11/13/us/politics/trump- caravan- midterms.html.
245. Greenberg, “Trump Is Beginning.”
246. Charles Bethea, “Word of the Day: Stumped,” New Yorker, April 11, 2016,
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/04/11/examining- the- vocabulary
- of- the- presidential- race.
247. Shawn Musgrave and Matthew Nussbaum, “Trump Thrives in Areas That Lack
Traditional News Outlets,” April 8, 2018, https://www.politico.com
/story/2018/04/08/news- subscriptions- decline- donald- trump- voters-505605.
248. Ross Douthat, “Trump Hacked the Media Right Before Our Eyes,” New York
Times, March 21, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/opinion/trump
- facebook- cambridge- analytica- media.html.
249. Sides, Identity Crisis, 374.
250. Sides, 4633.
251. Sides, 3727.
252. Sides, 1210.
253. Eric Levitz, “Here’s Why Trump’s Approval Rating Has Gone Up,” New York
Magazine, May 16, 2018, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/05/heres
- why- president- trumps- approval- rating- has- gone- up.html.
254. Kareem Fahim, “Erdogan Capitalizes on Trump’s Effort to Break and Isolate
Turkey,” Washington Post, August 19, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com
/world/erdogan- capitalizes- on- trumps- effort- to- break- and- isolate- turkey/
2018/08/19/3f6154ba- a17e-11e8-a3dd-2a1991f075d5_story.html?utm_term=
.ca03307cb8f2.
255. Nagorski, Hitlerland, 3–4.
Eddy_WhyWeElect.indd 191
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192 Notes
256. Nagorski, 92.
257. Jens Manuel Krogstad and Mark Hugo Lopez, “Black Voter Turnout Fell in
2016, Even as a Record Number of Americans Cast Ballots,” Pew Research,
May 12, 2017, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact- tank/2017/05/12/black- voter
- turnout- fell- in-2016-even- as- a-record- number- of- americans- cast- ballots/.
258. Nagorski, Hitlerland, 69.
259. Pinker, Better Angels, 521.
260. Ronald Reagan, An American Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 150.
261. Michelle Obama, Becoming Michelle Obama (Crown Publishing Group, a divi-
sion of Penguin Random House LLC, 2018), 407.
262. Shirer, Rise, 87–88 of 4174.
263. Krogstad and Lopez, “Black Voter.”
264. Lauren Gambino, “John McCain: 10 Moments That Will Shape the Senator’s
Legacy,” Guardian, August 25, 2018, https://www.theguadian.com/us- news
/2018/aug/25/john- mccain- death- moments- life- shape- legacy.
265. Tracey Jan, “They Said I Was Going to Work Like a Donkey. I Was So Grate-
ful,” Washington Post, July 11, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news
/wonk/wp/2017/07/11/they- said- i-was- going- to- work- like- a-donkey- i-was
- grateful/?utm_term=.90be41d949fd.
266. Anna Flagg, “The Myth of the Criminal Immigrant,” New York Times, March
30, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/03/30/upshot/crime
- immigration- myth.html.
267. Michael Barbarro, “Once Impervious, Marco Rubio Is Diminished by a Caustic
Chris Christie, New York Times, February 7, 2016, https://www.nytimes
.com/2016/02/07/us/politics/chris- christie- marco- rubio- gop- debate.html.
268. Cass R. Sunstein and Reid Hastie, Wiser: Getting Beyond Groupthink to Make
Groups Smarter (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015), 86.
269. Sherman, Loudest Voice, 324.
270. Jeremy Heimans and Henry Timms, New Power: How Power Works in Our
Hyperconnected World—And How to Make It Work for You (New York: Dou-
bleday, a division of Penguin Random House, 2018), 11 of 325, Kindle.
271. Heimans and Timms, New Power, 168 of 325.
272. Nicholas Kristoff, “A War Hero or a Phony?” New York Times, September 18,
2004, https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/18/opinion/a- war- hero- or- a-phony
.html.
273. Mike Wendling, “The (Almost) Complete History of ‘Fake News.’” BBC Trend-
ing, January 22, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs- trending-42724320.
Eddy_WhyWeElect.indd 192
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book is the product of many discussions with many people over
many years. I am especially indebted to my wife, Alice, who has encour-
aged my writing, challenged my
thinking, tolerated my intense preoccupa-
tion with this book, and generously shared her low- conflict lifestyle with me
for over three decades.
I owe a special thanks to my agent, Scott Edelstein, and his wife, Ariella
Tilsen. She gets credit for coming up with the premise of this book after a
discussion they had about the world situation. Scott gets credit for creating
the title and insisting that I was the person who should write this book—and
do it quickly.
I would like to thank Megan Hunter, who cofounded the High Conflict
Institute with me over ten years ago, as well as the speakers and staff who
regularly sharpen my thinking about understanding and managing high-
conflict situations and personalities.
I honor the memory of my parents, Margaret and Roland Eddy, and my
stepmother, Helen Eddy, who gave me an open- minded upbringing, a sense
of service, empathy for others, and excitement about always learning.
The following family and friends gave me very specific and helpful feed-
back: Cathy Eddy, Alice Fichandler, Dennis Doyle, and Norma Mark. I also
appreciate my friends LaRue and Phil Rockhold for providing a wonderful
cabin in the woods for writing some key parts of this book, and Bonnie Elias
and Stewart Kocivar for adding to the inspiration and discussions.
Last, but not least, I want to thank the team at Berrett- Koehler Publish-
ers—and it really is a team. The key diagram of this book in Chapter 3 (4-Way
Voter Split) clicked into place in my mind—and on their whiteboard—when
they had me present my book concepts to the entire office. I especially
appreciate my editor Anna Leinberger for overall guidance; my copyeditor
Rebecca Rider for her very detailed and accurate changes and additions (and
tolerance of my occasional resistance); and Jeevan Sivasubramaniam for his
Eddy_WhyWeElect.indd 193
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194 Acknowledgments
always- encouraging editorial supervision. I appreciate the early feedback
from these reviewers of my first draft: Mark Annett, Jill Swenson, Jessa Orluk,
Deborah Nikkel, and Sarah Modlin. I thank Lasell Whipple and Maureen
Forys for their creative (and fun) design, Michael Crowley and Katie Sheehan
for their wise marketing advice (and helping me overcome my marketing hes-
itations), and Chloe Wong and Shabnam Banerjee-McFarland for their work
on the endorsements of the book. And finally, I am excited to work again with