歯医者 はいしや haisha dentist
歯科 しか shika dental surgery, dentistry
歯科医 しかい shikai dentist
________
むしば mushiba decayed tooth
前歯 まえば maeba front tooth
入（れ）歯 いれば ireba dentures
義歯 ぎし gishi artificial tooth, dentures
210 児
ji, ni
ジ、ニ
infant, child
児 was originally written 兒, which derived from a pictograph of an infant whose head is large and whose skull bones have not yet joined completely.
小児科 しようにか snōnika pediatrics
小児科医 しようにかい snōnika i pediatrician
______
じどう jido child
211 産
u-mu, san
う・む、サン
give birth; produce
産 combines life 生 (cf. 42) and becoming obvious and visible, which comes from a man standing 立 (cf. 167) on a cliff 厂. Thus 産 suggests new life becoming visible, such as giving birth or producing.
産夂 うむ umu to give birth
さんふじんか sanfujinka obstetrics and gynecology
______
生産する せいさんする seisan suru to produce
特産品 どくさんひん tokusan nin special product
土産 *みやげ miyage souvenir
212 保
tamo-tsu, ho
たも・つ、ホ
keep, maintain; protect
保, which combines イ man and 呆 baby wrapped in a shawl, means protect, take care, keep, or maintain.
保証人 ほしょうにん nosnō nin guarantor
保証書 ほしょうしょ nosnō sno warranty card
保険 ほけん noken insurance
保険証 ほけんしょう noken snō health insurance card
______
保つ たもつ tamotsu to keep, to maintain
ほけんじょ noken jo public health center
ほいくえん noikuen nursery school, daycare center
保険 しくみんけんこう ほけん Kokumin Kenkō hoken national health insurance
213 受
u-keru, ju
う・ける 、ジュ
receive
受 combines hand, 冖 ship, and 又 another hand. Goods carried by ships were received by one person from another, hand to hand, at a port.
受ける うける ukeru to receive; to take (a test); to have (an operation)
受(け)取る うけどる uketoru to receive, to get
______
うけみ ukemi passive voice
郵便受け ゆうびんうけ yūbin'uke mail box
受験する じゅけんする juken suru to take an examination
214 付
tsu-ku, tus-keru, fu
つ・く、つ・ける、フ
attach
付 represents a hand attaching a stick 丶 to a man イ.
付く つく tsuku to stick
付ける つける tsukeru to attach, to put, to stick
時間外受付 じかんがい うけつけ jikan gai uketsuke reception before and after office hours
______
ふつく furoku supplement, appendix
ふぞく びょういん fuzoku bvōin hospital attached to ~
こうふする kōiu suru to deliver/issue (a certificate, etc.)
215 来
ku-ru, rai
く・る、ライ
come
来 derives from a pictograph of ripe grain ready to be harvested. Since harvest suggests the coming of new crops, 来 means come or coming.
来る くる kuru to come
来週 らいしゆう raisnū next week
来月 らいげつ raigetsu next month
外来受付 力くいらい うけつけ gairai uketsuke outpatient reception
外来語 がいらいご gairai go foreign loanword
______
しようらい snōrai future
来年 らいねん rainen next year
216 薬
kusuri, (gusuri), yaku, (ya’)
くすり、(ぐすり) 、ヤク、(ヤッ）
medicine
薬 combines the radical plant and 楽, a tree laden with nuts that makes a pleasant sound when shaken. Thus 薬 suggests plants used to make sick people feel better, a form of medicine.
薬 くすり kusuri medicine, drug, pill
内用薬 ないようやく naiyō vaku medicine for internal use
外用薬 がいようやく gaiyō vaku medicine for external use
薬局 やっきょく yakkyoku pharmacy, drugstore
______
薬代 くすりだい kusuri dai medicine expenses
目薬 めぐすり megusuri eye medicine
薬品 やくひん yakuhin medicine, chemicals
薬学 やくがく yakugaku pharmacology
217 診
shin
シン
diagnose, examine
診 combines 言 speak (cf. 78 話) and 彡 lots of hair covering a head. Thus 診 suggests a doctor asking a patient lots of questions to cover all his symptoms, in other words, diagnosing him.
休診日 きゅうしん び kyūshin bi vacation day for clinic
受診 じゅしん jushin having medical examination
________
しょしん shoshin the first medical examination
さいしん saishin medical re-examination
けんしん kenshin medical examination
しんりょう じかん shinryō jikan consultation/surgery hours
218 察
satsu
サツ
investigate; judge; guess
察, which combines 宀 house and 祭 festival (cf. 36), suggests purifying a house thoroughly. By extension, 察 now means investigate thoroughly and judge based on investigation. An associated meaning is guess.
診察する しんさつ する shinsatsu suru to examine/see a patient
診察室 しんさつ しっ shinsatsu shitsu examination/consultation room
診察券 しんさつ けん shinsatsu ken patient s card
診察日 しんさつ び shinsatsu bi consultation/surgery day
診察料 しんさつ りょう shinsatsu ryō doctor's fee
______
けいさつ keisatsu police
219 計
kei
ケイ
measure; total; plan
計, which combines 言 speak (cf. 78 話) and 十 add (cf. 184 協), suggests adding up the number of words that a person speaks. From this, 計 has come to mean measure or total.
会計 かい（ナい kaikei accounts, bill; cashier
時計 どけい tokei watch, clock
______
けいさんする keisan suru to calculate, to compute
小計 しょうけい shōkei subtotal
ごうけいする gōkei suru to total, to add up
けいかくする keikaku suru to plan
220 支
sasa-eru, shi
ささ・える、シ
branch; support
支 represents a branch that is held in a hand.
支出 ししゅつ shishutsu expenses, expenditure
________
支える ささえる sasaeru to support
支部 しふ shibu branch (of a union, association etc.)
ししゃ shisha branch office of a company
しじする shiji suru to support
221 払
hara-u, (bara-i)
はら・う、(ばら・い）
pay; sweep off
払 derives from 拂, which combines hand and 弗 vine being untangled by two sticks (cf. 200 費). Thus 払 suggests sweeping and, by extension, pay (an act of clearing up debts).
払う はらう harau to pay; to sweep off
しはらい まどぐち shiharai madoguchi payment window, cashier
______
払(い)込み はらいこみ harai komi payment
はらい もどし harai modoshi refund, repayment
げんきん ば、らい genkin barai cash payment
分割払い ぶんかつ ば、らい bunkatsu barai payment in installments
222 法
hō, (pō)
ホウ、(ポウ）
law, method
法 combines water and 去 pot, indicating a tight-lidded pot that keeps water inside. From this 法 has come to mean law, which limits people’s behavior. An associated meaning is method.
方法 ほうほう hōhō method, way
使用法 しようほう shivō hō how to use, directions for use
用法 ようほう vōhō usage, instructions for use
文法 ぶ、んほ。フ bumpō grammar
________
ほうりつ hōritsu law
法学部 ほうがくぶ hōgaku bu Faculty of Law
ちようりほう chōri hō how to cook
すんぽう sumpō size, measurements
223 毎
mai
マイ
every, each
毎 combines hair pin and 毋, a derivation of 母, which is composed of 女 woman and two dots for breasts and means mother. 毎, which originally also represented mother, has come to mean every, because every mother has a child.
毎日 まいにち mainichi every day
毎回 まいかい maikai every time
毎食 まハしよく maishoku each/every meal
______
まいにち しんぶん Mainichi shimbun Mainichi Daily News
毎週 まいしゆう maishū every week
毎月 まいつき maitsuki every month
毎年 まいどし/ まいねん maitoshi/mainen every year
4 Practice
I. Write the readings of the following kanji in hiragana.
1. 病 院
2. 病 気
3. 外 来 受 付
4. 会 計
5. 支 払 い
6. 薬 局
7. 診 察 室
8. 医 者
9. 保 険 証
10. 外 科
11. 内 科
12. 産 人 科
13. 歯 科
14. 小 児 科
15. 外 用 薬
16. 内 用 薬
17. 用 法
18. 毎 食
19. 毎 回
20. 医 院
21. 医 学
22. 歯 科 医
23. 保 証 人
24. 外 来 語
25. 使 用 法
26. 歯 医 者 さ ん に 行 っ た ら 、 き ょ う は 、 休 診 日 で し た 。
27. 受 付 で 、 診 察 券 を 受 け 取 っ て く だ さ い 。
28. 来 週 、 国 の と も だ ち が 日 本 へ 来 ま す 。
29. こ の 薬 を 毎 日 三 回 の み な さ い 。
30. さ い ご に 、 会 計 の 口 で お 金 を 払 い ま す 。
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate kanji.
5 Advanced Placement Exam Practice Question
Read the information, then choose the best answer to each question.
ジョンさんは大学生です。きのうからがいたくて、高いねつがあります。ひとりでアパートのちか くの大きな病院へ来ました。ここははじめてです。いま病院の前にいます。
1 referral form
1. John came alone to this hospital for the first time, without any referral form. Can he get a medical examination?
A. Since he does not have a referral form, he cannot consult a doctor.
B. In order to see a doctor, he has to come with someone to introduce him.
C. Even if he has no referral form, he can get a medical exam. But he has to pay money for that.
D. It is not clear whether he can see the doctor, because it depends on the number of patients there.
2. There are many medical examination departments in this hospital. To which department should John go?
A. 外科
B. 内科
C. 産婦人科
D. 小児科
3. In which order should John go to the necessary places?
A. outpatient reception→ examination room→ pharmacy→ payment
B. outpatient reception→ payment→ examination room→ pharmacy
C. outpatient reception→ pharmacy→ examination room→ payment
D. outpatient reception→ examination room→ payment→ pharmacy
4. According to this notice, what can be said about John’s next visit to see the doctor?
A. If he has a fever again, he can visit the hospital without making an appointment.
B. Being a university student, he will be accepted even if he comes late in the evening.
C. He has to make an appointment for the next visit during the medical examination today.
D. He can make an appointment on the telephone if he has taken all the medicine.
REVIEW EXERCISE: LESSONS 15–18
I. The words listed below relate to one of three places: A) the inside of a university building, B) a university campus, or C) a hospital. Group them appropriately and write their letters in the spaces provided.
II. Find the missing kanji and write them or their corresponding letters in the spaces below.
LESSON 19
Shopping at the
Supermarket
スーパーでセールがあります
Department stores in Japan carry a wide variety of products, while supermarkets stock mainly food and other daily necessities. For people who prefer smaller, specialized stores, there are butcher shops, fish markets, vegetable shops, and so on. Although bargaining is not encouraged, stores do occasionally hold sales. Especially at the end of the season, stores carry lots of discount merchandise to attract customers. To save money, look for advertising leaflets in newspapers.
1 Introductory Quiz
I. Read the following advertisement for a supermarket sale, and refer to the words in Vocabulary. Then try the following quiz.
1. この店は、大京ストアの (a. きたやまみせ b. きたやまてん) です。
2. 6 日から 8 日までは、 (a. 高く b. 安く) 売ります。
3. 肉、魚、やさいの中で、一番安くなる物は (a. 肉 b. 魚 c. やさい) です。
4. さしみは (a. 肉 b. 魚) 売り場で買います。
5. *ハムは (a. 魚 b. 肉) 売り場で買います。 (*ham)
6. (a. くつした b. コーヒー) も安くなります。
7. いま、午後 5 時です。店は (a. 開いています。 b. 閉まっています。)
8. 毎月、4 水曜日は (a. 休みです。 b. 開いています。)
II. Decide which characters represent the following pictures, and then circle the correct answers.
2 Vocabulary
Study the readings and meanings of these words to help you understand the Introductory Quiz.
1. スーパ一 sūpā supermarket
2. 店 みせ mise store
3. きたやまてん kitayama ten Kitayama store
4. だいどくばい dai tokubai super sale
5. たかい takai expensive
6. 安い やすい yasui cheap
7. 冗る う る uru to sell
8. 肉 にく niku meat
9. 牛肉 ぎゆうにく gyūniku beef
10. 豚肉 ぶ、广こ（こく butaniku pork
11. 鳥肉 どり にく toriniku chicken
12. 魚 さかな sakana fish
13. いちわりびき ichi waribiki 10% discount
14. いちばん ichi ban the most
15. 安くなる やすくなる vasuku naru to be discounted
16. 物 もの mono thing
17. うりば uriba counter in a shop
18. 買う かう kau to buy
19. しよくりようひん shokuryō hin groceries, provisions
20. ぜんびん zempin all items
21. (お）買い物 (お）かいもの (o)kaimono shopping
22. えいぎようじかん eigyo jikan business hours
23. あく aku to open
24. し まる shimaru to close
25. だいいちすいようび daiichi sui yōbi the first Wednesday
26. ていきゅうび teikyū bi Shop Holiday, regular holiday
3 New Characters
Thirteen characters are introduced in this lesson. Use the explanations to help you understand and remember the characters. Study the compound words to increase your vocabulary.
店 売 肉 牛 豚 鳥 魚 割 品 安 買 物 業
224 店
mise, ten
みせ、テン
shop, store
店 combines 广 roof or house, 卜 fortuneteller’s stick (cf. 154 外), and 囗 space or place. 占 formerly meant selecting and occupying a good place according to the advice of a fortuneteller. 店 thus came to mean a house set up in a place good for business, that is, a shop or store.
店 みせ mise shop, store
書店 しょてん shoten bookstore
開店時間 かいてんじかん kaiten jikan store opening time
閉店時間 へいてんじかん heiten jikan store closing time
________
本店 ほんてん honten main store, head office
支店 してん shiten branch store/office
ひゃっかてん hyakka ten department store
専門店 せんもんてん semmon ten specialty store, store specializing in ~
250 Essential Japanese Kanji Characters Volume 1 Page 16